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Unknown DDoS Attack Detection with Fuzzy C-Means Clustering and Spatial Location Constraint Prototype Loss

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2181-2205页

作者： Thanh-Lam Nguyen HaoKao Thanh-Tuan Nguyen mong-fong horng Chin-Shiuh Shieh Department of Electronic Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyKaohsiung807618Taiwan Department of Electronic and Automation Engineering Nha Trang UniversityNha Trang650000Vietnam

Since its inception,the Internet has been rapidly *** the advancement of science and technology and the explosive growth of the population,the demand for the Internet has been on the *** applications in education,healthcare,entertainment,science,and more are being increasingly deployed based on the ***,malicious threats on the internet are on the rise as *** Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks are among the most common and dangerous threats on the internet *** scale and complexity of DDoS attacks are constantly *** Detection Systems(IDS)have been deployed and have demonstrated their effectiveness in defense against those *** addition,the research of Machine Learning(ML)and Deep Learning(DL)in IDS has gained effective results and significant ***,one of the challenges when applying ML and DL techniques in intrusion detection is the identification of unknown *** attacks,which are not encountered during the system’s training,can lead to misclassification with significant *** this research,we focused on addressing the issue of Unknown Attack Detection,combining two methods:Spatial Location Constraint Prototype Loss(SLCPL)and Fuzzy C-Means(FCM).With the proposed method,we achieved promising results compared to traditional *** proposed method demonstrates a very high accuracy of up to 99.8%with a low false positive rate for known attacks on the Intrusion Detection Evaluation Dataset(CICIDS2017)***,the accuracy is also very high,reaching 99.7%,and the precision goes up to 99.9%for unknown DDoS attacks on the DDoS Evaluation Dataset(CICDDoS2019)*** success of the proposed method is due to the combination of SLCPL,an advanced Open-Set Recognition(OSR)technique,and FCM,a traditional yet highly applicable clustering *** has yielded a novel method in the field of unknown attack *** further expands the trend of applying DL and M

关键词： Cybersecurity DDoS unknown attack detection machine learning deep learning incremental learning convolutional neural networks(CNN) open-set recognition(OSR) spatial location constraint prototype loss fuzzy c-means CICIDS2017 CICDDoS2019

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Antibody switch AIDed by pyruvate

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Life Metabolism 2024年第2期3卷 1-2页

作者： Haoming Luan Tiffany horng School of Life Sciences and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China

Metabolism is mobilized to meet the biosynthetic,bioenergetic,and regulatory demands of immune cell *** nothing is known about the metabolic basis of antibody class switch in B cells.A recent study published in Nature Communications through a joint effort by Chen Lab(metabolism biology)and Liu Lab(B cell biology)from Tsinghua University reveals that the monocarboxylate carrier MCT1(monocarboxylate transporter 1)promotes pyruvate oxidation and histone acetylation to support class switch recombination(CSR),the process by which B cells make antibodies of different isotypes with unique effector functions.

关键词： functions. activation Almost

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Urban rail transit disruption management: Research progress and future directions

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2024年第1期11卷 79-91页

作者： Lebing WANG Jian Gang JIN Lijun SUN Der-horng LEE School of Naval Architecture Ocean&Civil Engineeringand State Key Laboratory of Ocean EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Civil Engineering McGill UniversityMontrealQuebec H3A 0C3Canada ZJU-UIUC Institute Zhejiang UniversityHaining 314400China

Urban rail transit (URT) disruptions present considerable challenges due to several factors: i) a high probability of occurrence, arising from facility failures, disasters, and vandalism;ii) substantial negative effects, notably the delay of numerous passengers;iii) an escalating frequency, attributable to the gradual aging of facilities;and iv) severe penalties, including substantial fines for abnormal operation. This article systematically reviews URT disruption management literature from the past decade, categorizing it into pre-disruption and post-disruption measures. The pre-disruption research focuses on reducing the effects of disruptions through network analysis, passenger behavior analysis, resource allocation for protection and backup, and enhancing system resilience. Conversely, post-disruption research concentrates on restoring normal operations through train rescheduling and bus bridging services. The review reveals that while post-disruption strategies are thoroughly explored, pre-disruption research is predominantly analytical, with a scarcity of practical pre-emptive solutions. Moreover, future research should focus more on increasing the interchangeability of transport modes, reinforcing redundancy relationships between URT lines, and innovating post-disruption strategies.

关键词： urban rail transit disruption management resilient network train rescheduling bus bridging services

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Delivery Service Management System Using Google Maps for SMEs in Emerging Countries

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第6期75卷 6119-6143页

作者： Sophea horng Pisal Yenradee School of Manufacturing Systems and Mechanical Engineering Sirindhorn International Institute of TechnologyThammasat UniversityPathum Thani12121Thailand

This paper proposes a Delivery Service Management(DSM)system for Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs)that own a delivery fleet of pickup trucks to manage Business-to-Business(B2B)delivery *** proposed DSM system integrates four systems:Delivery Location Positioning(DLP),Delivery Route Planning(DRP),Arrival Time Prediction(ATP),and Communication and Data Sharing(CDS)*** systems are used to pinpoint the delivery locations of customers,plan the delivery route of each truck,predict arrival time(with an interval)at each delivery location,and communicate and share information among stakeholders,*** DSM system deploys Google applications,a GPS tracking system,Google Map APIs,ATP algorithms(embedded in Excel Macros),Line,and Telegram as supporting *** improve the accuracy of the ATP system,three tech-niques are applied considering driver *** proposed DSM system has been implemented in a Thai *** the process perspective,the DSM system is a systematic procedure for end-to-end delivery *** allows the interactions between planner-driver decisions and supporting *** supporting tools are simple,can be easily used with little training,and require low capital *** statistical analysis shows that the ATP algorithm with the three techniques provides high ***,the proposed DSM system is beneficial for practitioners to manage delivery services,especially for SMEs in emerging countries.

关键词： Logistics and supply chain management small and medium enterprise(SME) delivery service management(DSM) arrival time prediction(ATP) Google Maps GPS tracking system driver behaviors

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A Steganography Based on Optimal Multi-Threshold Block Labeling

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第1期44卷 721-739页

作者： Shuying Xu Chin-Chen Chang Ji-Hwei horng Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science Feng Chia UniversityTaichung407Taiwan Department of Electronic Engineering National Quemoy UniversityKinmen892Taiwan

Hiding secret data in digital images is one of the major researchfields in information ***,reversible data hiding in encrypted images has attracted extensive attention due to the emergence of cloud *** paper proposes a novel reversible data hiding method in encrypted images based on an optimal multi-threshold block labeling technique(OMTBL-RDHEI).In our scheme,the content owner encrypts the cover image with block permutation,pixel permutation,and stream cipher,which preserve the in-block correlation of pixel *** uploading to the cloud service,the data hider applies the prediction error rearrangement(PER),the optimal threshold selection(OTS),and the multi-threshold labeling(MTL)methods to obtain a compressed version of the encrypted image and embed secret data into the vacated *** receiver can extract the secret,restore the cover image,or do both according to his/her granted *** proposed MTL labels blocks of the encrypted image with a list of threshold values which is optimized with OTS based on the features of the current *** results show that labeling image blocks with the optimized threshold list can efficiently enlarge the amount of vacated room and thus improve the embedding capacity of an encrypted cover *** level of the proposed scheme is analyzed and the embedding capacity is compared with state-of-the-art *** are concluded with satisfactory performance.

关键词： Reversible data hiding encryption image prediction error compression multi-threshold block labeling

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A metabolic conspiracy drives anti-tumorigenic macrophages

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Life Metabolism 2023年第2期2卷 8-9页

作者： Na Li Tiffany horng School of Life Sciences and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China

In the tumor microenvironment,activation of macrophages through CD40 ligation promotes tumor restriction and is being considered *** underpinning metabolic basis is not known and was addressed in a new study by Ho and *** activation(or polarization)to distinct cellular states—that are associated with the acquisition of new cellular activities—is fueled by metabolic *** such metabolic reprogramming can disrupt appropriate macrophage activation,thus there is increasing interest in targeting cellular metabolism to alter macrophage activities in a variety of pathophysiological settings[1].

关键词： metabolism tumor activation

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Study on the performance of thin-film VCSELs on composite metal substrate

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2023年第4期16卷 1-11页

作者： William Anderson Lee Sanchez Shreekant Sinha Po‑Yu Wang Ray‑Hua horng Institute of Electronics Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010China

Thin film p-side up vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSELs)with 940 nm wavelength on a composite metal(Copper/Invar/Copper;CIC)substrate has been demonstrated by twice-bonding transfer and substrate removing *** CIC substrate is a sandwich structure with a 10µm thick Copper(Cu)layer/30µm thick Invar layer/10µm thick Cu *** Invar layer was composed of Iron(Fe)and Nickel(Ni)with a proportion of 70:*** thermal expansion coefcient of the composite CIC metal can match that of the GaAs *** results that the VCSEL layers can be successfully transferred to CIC metal substrate without *** 1 mA current,the top-emitting VCSEL/GaAs and thin-flm VCSEL/CIC had a voltage of 1.39 and 1.37 V,*** optical output powers of VCSEL/GaAs and VCSEL/CIC were 21.91 and 24.40 mW,*** 50µm thick CIC substrate can play a good heat dissipation function,which results in improving the electrical and optical characteristics of thin flm VCSELs/*** VCSEL/CIC exhibited a superior thermal management capability as compared with VCSEL/*** obtained data suggested that VCSELs on a composite metal substrate not only afected signifcantly the characteristics of thin film VCSEL,but also improved considerably the device thermal performance.

关键词： Thin film VCSELs GaAs substrate Composite metal CIC substrate Twice-bonding transfer Electrical properties Heat dissipation

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Circadian metabolism regulates the macrophage inflammatory response

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Life Metabolism 2022年第3期1卷 224-233页

作者： Yulong Sun Wenjiao Jiang Tiffany horng School of Life Sciences and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China

Macrophages are an integral part of the innate immune system and coordinate host defense to microbial infections,as well as shaping the remodeling response after tissue *** is now appreciated to be a powerful and pervasive regulator of the identity and function of *** exposure to microbial ligands,macrophage inflammatory activation and the associated induction of phagocytosis,inflammatory responses,and other host defense activities are supported by dynamic changes to cellular *** note,metabolic activity is robustly regulated in a circadian fashion,with many metabolic processes displaying peak activity in one phase of the circadian cycle and trough activity in an antiphase ***,we review recent findings suggesting that circadian metabolism influences macrophage activities and particularly the inflammatory ***,we summarize macrophage activities known to display time-of-day–dependent variation and their mechanistic ***,we review metabolic processes that have been shown to be rhythmically regulated in macrophages and discuss how such circadian metabolism affects or is likely to affect macrophage ***,we discuss the concept of entrainment of the macrophage clock,and consider how loss of rhythmic regulation of macrophage activities may contribute to pathophysiological conditions like shift work,obesity,and ***,we propose that circadian metabolism can be used to understand the rationale and mechanistic basis of dynamic regulation of inflammatory responses during infection.

关键词： macrophage metabolism circadian metabolism circadian rhythm immunometabolism circadian immunometabolism macrophage inflammatory responses

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Effects of Big Data Analytics on Sustainable Manufacturing:A Comparative Study Analysis

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2022年第4期10卷 6-30页

作者： Ching horng ER Thikrait Al MOSAWI Arden University

Application of big data analytics(BDA) is seen in various disciplines within an organization to predict trends, explore opportunities and monitor performance. Among all the industries, BDA presents immense value in sustainable manufacturing(SM) given that it is an industry that consumes a high amount of energy, emits high amounts of waste and carbon emissions and requires a large amount of manpower. This paper aims at illustrating the effects of BDA in supporting SM by studying the Indian manufacturing firms which have unfavorable labor laws compared to other developing countries. With an extensive literature review, this paper discusses the relationship between BDA and sustainability, the capabilities of BDA, the concept of SM, the BDA framework for SM, the relationship between Industry 4.0 and SM and the challenges of implementing BDA. Using qualitative meta-analysis research methodology, the paper examines the nine common critical success factors that enable SM through BDA implementation by comparing 15 primary studies. Finally, the paper concludes the research findings and outlines future research directions. The study provides theoretical and practical contributions to BDA implementation in achieving effective SM practices in emerging economies.

关键词： Big data analytics Indian manufacturing firms developing economies qualitative meta-analysis sustainability

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Adsorption behavior of heavy metal ions by carbon nanotubes grown on microsized Al/_2O_3 particles

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2007年第1期14卷 77-84页

作者： Shu-Huei Hsieh Jao-Jia horng Department of Materials Science and Engineering Formosa University Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering Yunlin University of Science and Technology

Carbon nanotubes （CNTs） were grown on the surface of microsized Al2O3 particles in CH4 atmosphere at 700℃ under the catalysis of Fe-Ni nanoparticles. The CNTs on Al2O3 were used for adsorbing Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, and Cd^2＋ from the solution and the results were compared with active carbon powders, commercial carbon nanotubes, and Al2O3 particles. The as-grown CNTs/Al2O3 have demonstrated extraordinary absorption capacity with further treatment or oxidation, as well as hydrophilic ability that other CNTs lacked. The adsorption capacity of CNTs on Al2O3 is superior to other adsorbents and the preference order of adsorption on composite Al2O3 is pb^2＋〉Cu^2＋〉Cd^2＋. It seemed that the adsorption of those Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, and Cd^2＋ did not change the surface properties of composite particles. The adsorption behaviors of Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, and Cd^2＋ by CNTs on Al2O3 match well with the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model and the second order kinetic model. The calculated saturation amount adsorbed by 1 g of CNTs on Al2O3 are 67.11, 26.59, and 8.89 mg/g for Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, and Cd^2＋ in single adsorption test, respectively.

关键词： carbon nanotube heavy metal adsorption alumina

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