The Nature of “Natural Disasters”: Survivors’ Explanations of Earthquake Damage

作     者：Alessandro Massazza Chris R.Brewin Helene Joffe 

作者机构：Department of Clinical Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College London 

出 版 物：《International Journal of Disaster Risk Science》 (国际灾害风险科学学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2019年第10卷第3期

页      面：293-305页

核心收录：

学科分类：0709[理学-地质学] 07[理学] 08[工学] 0303[法学-社会学] 0832[工学-食品科学与工程（可授工学、农学学位）] 083002[工学-环境工程] 0830[工学-环境科学与工程（可授工学、理学、农学学位）] 1201[管理学-管理科学与工程(可授管理学、工学学位)] 070801[理学-固体地球物理学] 0708[理学-地球物理学] 0705[理学-地理学] 0837[工学-安全科学与工程] 0706[理学-大气科学] 0813[工学-建筑学] 0704[理学-天文学] 0833[工学-城乡规划学] 

基　　金：the municipality and health center of Amatrice,the psychiatric services of Rieti for their practical support the UK’s Economic and Social Research Council for their financial support 

主　　题：Amatrice Attributions Disaster causes Disaster survivors Human-made disasters Natural disasters 2016–2017 Central Italy earthquakes 

摘      要：The distinction between natural and human-made disasters is ingrained in everyday language. Disaster scientists have long been critical of this dichotomy. Nonetheless,virtually no attention has been paid to how disaster survivors conceptualize the causes of the disasters they experience. In this mixed-methods longitudinal study, 112 survivors of the2016–2017 Central Italy earthquakes completed questionnaires 3 and 16 months following the earthquakes, with the aim of assessing attributions of blame for the earthquake damage. In-depth interviews were also conducted with 52 participants at the 3-month mark to explore representations of causation for the earthquake damage. The distinction between disasters caused by nature and disasters caused by humans was not supported by survivors of the earthquake. In the longitudinal surveys, building firms and the State were assigned as much blame as nature for the earthquake damage, at both 3 months and 16 months after the earthquakes.Corroborating this complexity, in the interviews, the causes of the earthquake damage, rather than being understood as purely natural, were perceived as a complex mosaic composed of political, technological, natural, and moral factors.This empirical work shows that disaster survivors combine both nature-based and human-based explanations of disasters, rather than subscribing to one or the other. These findings have practical implications for disaster risk reduction and response.