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Exploring technologies to better link physical evidence and digital information for Disaster victim identification

Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第3期7卷 467-483页

作者： David Lovell Kellie Vella Diego Muñoz Matt McKague Margot Brereton Peter Ellis School of Computer Science Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia Centre for Data Science Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia Centre for Design Innovation Swinburne University of TechnologyMelbourneAustralia School of Environment and Science Griffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia

Disaster victim identification(DVI)entails a protracted process of evidence collection and data matching to reconcile physical remains with victim identity.Technology is critical to DVI by enabling the linkage of physical evidence to information.However,labelling physical remains and collecting data at the scene are dominated by low-technology paper-based practices.We ask,how can technology help us tag and track the victims of Disaster?Our response to this question has two parts.First,we conducted a human–computer interaction led investigation into the systematic factors impacting DVI tagging and tracking processes.Through interviews with Australian DVI practitioners,we explored how technologies to improve linkage might fit with prevailing work practices and preferences;practical and social considerations;and existing systems and processes.We focused on tagging and tracking activities throughout the DVI process.Using insights from these interviews and relevant literature,we identified four critical themes:protocols and training;stress and stressors;the plurality of information capture and management systems;and practicalities and constraints.Second,these findings were iteratively discussed by the authors,who have combined expertise across electronics,data science,cybersecurity,human–computer interaction and forensic pathology.We applied the themes identified in the first part of the investigation to critically review technologies that could support DVI practitioners by enhancing DVI processes that link physical evidence to information.This resulted in an overview of candidate technologies matched with consideration of their key attributes.This study recognises the importance of considering human factors that can affect technology adoption into existing practices.Consequently,we provide a searchable table(as Supplementary information)that relates technologies to the key considerations and attributes relevant to DVI practice,for readers to apply to their own context.While this research directly contributes to DVI,i

关键词： Forensic sciences Disaster DVI tagging tracking evidence chain of custody RFID human factors workflow

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The impact of serving in Disaster relief among volunteers in Malaysia

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2021年第4期24卷 237-248页

作者： Hoi Yen Chen Che An Ahmad Khatijah Lim Abdullah Nursing Programme Faculty of MedicineUniKL RCMPNo.20Seri Sutera B 2Bandar Seri Botani.31350 IpohPerakMalaysia

Purpose:Malaysian Disaster relief volunteers have a long and proud history of participating in relief missions within and outside the country.Despite of a plethora of researches into the various areas of Disaster relief,there has been a little scholarly activity looking into the experiences of the medical volunteers worldwide and even less research on the experiences of the relief volunteers in Malaysia.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to identify the effect of Disaster relief works on volunteers in Malaysia.Methods:This is a non-experimental cross-sectional design study,which was conducted using survey questionnaire to examine the incidence of burnout,posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)symptoms and the quality of life(QOL)among the Disaster relief volunteers.And the study also examined the sociodemographic variables of the participants.In addition,the association between the sociodemographic variable and the preferred coping strategies was also investigated through self-reporting checklist.Results:The findings of this study revealed that 90.9%volunteers(n=312)experienced some levels of recurring stress throughout their lives,which led to burnout.Also,96.8%(n=332)of the participants were categorized as having at least some symptoms of PTSD.However,self-reporting QOL measurements indicated that the participants are,in general,satisfied with their lives.Significant associations between the incidence of burnout,incidence of PTSD and QOL were identified.Both positive coping measures and behavioral or avoidant coping measures were also identified.Furthermore,a number of sociodemographic factors were also seen to interact significantly with burnout,PTSD and QOL.Conclusion:This study provides some insights into the psychological challenges of Disaster relief volunteers in Malaysia,and this impact can last a long time after the volunteers return to their hometowns.Several recommendations including practice development,policy and research were discussed in the study.

关键词： Volunteers Disaster relief Malaysia Impact Coping strategies

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亚太防台减灾中国主要贡献概述

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科学通报 2020年第9期65卷 780-789页

作者：矫梅燕雷小途虞俊钱传海中国气象局北京100081 中国气象局上海台风研究所上海200030 上海市气象局上海200030 中国气象局国家气象中心台风与海洋气象预报中心北京100081

热带气旋(西北太平洋地区称为台风)位居全球十大自然灾害之首,西北太平洋是台风活动最活跃的区域,生成于此的台风年均约占全球的1/3[1].西北太平洋区域各国和地区饱受台风侵袭,单个台风造成数十亿美元直接经济损失的例子时有发生,因灾... 详细信息

热带气旋(西北太平洋地区称为台风)位居全球十大自然灾害之首,西北太平洋是台风活动最活跃的区域,生成于此的台风年均约占全球的1/3[1].西北太平洋区域各国和地区饱受台风侵袭,单个台风造成数十亿美元直接经济损失的例子时有发生,因灾情严重而被除名(永久命名)的台风每年都有[2].防台减灾受到亚太地区各国各地政府的共同关注,技术交流和信息共享由来已久.早在1880年,上海徐家汇观象台便通过书信的方式与马尼拉等当时全球54个气象台建立了气象信息交换网络(各台回执收到资料后的明信片),并据此于1895年绘制了首张东亚地区的地面天气图,于1920年完成了西北太平洋620个台风路径图的整编.此外,徐家汇观象台于1884年创立的"风球旗语"台风预警体系,受到国际气象组织(International Meteorological Organization,IMO)认可和推荐,并在东亚沿海地区得到广泛应用(香港天文台自1884年开始使用直到2002年)[3].

关键词： tropical cyclone UNESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee typhoon-related Disaster prevention and mitigation Asia-Pacific region

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Multi-hazard Disaster scenario method and emergency management for urban resilience by integrating experiment-simulation-field data

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2021年第2期2卷 77-89页

作者： Rui Ba Qing Deng Yi Liu Rui Yang Hui Zhang Institute of Public Safety Research Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Due to the frequent occurrence of multi-hazard Disasters worldwide in recent years,effective multi-hazard sce-nario analysis is imperative for Disaster rescue and emergency management.The response procedure for different single hazards were investigated and formulated before.However,the investigations of Disaster scenario rarely systematically address the entire development and response process of multi-hazards,including the coupling mechanisms,evolution dynamics,scenario assessment and emergency response.To this end,this paper presents our methodology of multi-hazard Disaster scenario that integrates experiment-simulation-field data,focusing on three dimensions consisting of multi-hazard coupling,structures and systems,and emergency management.The newly proposed scenario method mainly comprises three aspects:experiments and simulations,multi-hazard field investigation,scenario analysis and response.Specifically,in order to study the large-scale,high-intensity and multi-hazard coupling effects,we carried out reduced-scale experiments and field measurement experiments to develop experimental similarity theory and prototype simulations of multi-hazards.In addition,a variety of field rescue and survey equipment,such as robots,Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV),and Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality(VR/AR)technologies were utilized to acquire real-time data of multi-hazard field.Furthermore,we also examine the mechanism and framework of multi-hazard scenarios to formulate the detailed procedures of man-agement and response.They are incorporated with the experiments,simulations,field data and models to con-struct a new scenario platform.The proposed scenario method was applied in a case study of the coupled wind and snow multi-hazard to verify its effectiveness.The new method contributes to the Disaster relief,decision-making and emergency management for multi-hazard Disaster to improve the urban resilience.

关键词： Multi-hazard Disaster Scenario Resilience Emergency management

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Population-influenced spatiotemporal pattern of natural Disaster and social crisis in China, AD1–1910

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第7期62卷 1138-1150页

作者： Shengda ZHANG David Dian ZHANG Department of Geography The University of Hong Kong School of Geographical Sciences Guangzhou University

Researchers mostly ascribe contemporary natural Disaster and the concomitant social crisis to anomalous climate change or global warming. However, whether such a relationship is still valid in long-term historical settings remains doubtful. In this study, data obtained from historical records about natural calamities(flood and drought) and their social impacts(famine,cannibalism, and war) at provincial and decadal scales during AD1–1910 are applied to mathematical statistics such as correlation and regression analysis as well as spatial visualization. Also, the role of population in the nexus of meteorological catastrophes and human miseries is investigated. Results show that at the provincial scale, generally there is high consistency among different variables and most of them are clustered in eastern part of China, especially in the north. More in-depth examinations indicate regional disparities that variables account for higher proportion in the south during the later imperial era,which may be attributed to the southward movement of population center. At the decadal scale, drought is the primary contributor to famine and cannibalism, while severe or even out-of-control famine i.e. cannibalism is more likely to incur war than ordinary famine per se. Besides, population growth rate exerts its positive effect on natural hazards and food crises, whereas more wars bring population loss and relieve population stress despite the weak negative association. These findings supplement previous views and confirm that the distributions of Disasters in ancient China are affected by population rather than climatic variability, which only determines the occurrence of Disaster.

关键词： Natural Disaster Social crisis Population Spatiotemporal pattern Historical China

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Research of Super Typhoon Lekima: forecast, observation, numerical simulation and Disaster survey

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2022年第1期16卷 1-4页

作者： Jie TANG Jianfang FEI Hui YU Shanghai Typhoon Institute CMAShanghai 200030China College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

Tropical cyclones(TCs)are among the most destructive natural Disasters in the world,and the TCs in the North-west Pacific(NWP)are most frequent among all ocean basins.The TCs that induce disastrous weather such as destructive winds,heavy precipitation,tornadoes,lightning and storm surges sometimes cause significant economic losses and heavy casualties to human beings,which are also called high-impact TCs due to their influences on human society.Generally,TCs in the NWP generate in tropical oceans and move northwestward,which then strike the south-eastern coastal regions of Asia continent,densely populated areas with developed economy.

关键词： Disaster lightning northwest

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构筑自然灾害韧弹性社会

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Science Bulletin 2020年第21期65卷 1785-1787页

作者：吴绍洪高江波韦炳干张继权郭桂桢王军邓浩宇刘路路贺山峰许尔琪 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Environment Northeast Normal University National Disaster Reduction Center Ministry of Emergency Management School of Geographical Sciences East China Normal University Department of Geography and Tourism Qufu Normal University

Natural variation has caused Disaster on human society since the human beings appeared on the earth [1,2].Especially,more significant changes in environmental elements have been occurred under global change [3,4],which further increases the stress on social economic [5].The World Economic Forum reported that the annual global death count from natural Disasters is about 60,000, or 0.1% of global death.

关键词： global Disaster Economic

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Identifying Disaster related social media for rapid response:a visual-textual fused CNN architecture

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第9期13卷 1017-1039页

作者： Xiao Huang Zhenlong Li Cuizhen Wang Huan Ning Department of Geography University of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA

In recent years,social media platforms have played a critical role in mitigation for a wide range of Disasters.The highly up-to-date social responses and vast spatial coverage from millions of citizen sensors enable a timely and comprehensive Disaster investigation.However,automatic retrieval of on-topic social media posts,especially considering both of their visual and textual information,remains a challenge.This paper presents an automatic approach to labeling on-topic social media posts using visual-textual fused features.Two convolutional neural networks(CNNs),Inception-V3 CNN and word embedded CNN,are applied to extract visual and textual features respectively from social media posts.Well-trained on our training sets,the extracted visual and textual features are further concatenated to form a fused feature to feed the final classification process.The results suggest that both CNNs perform remarkably well in learning visual and textual features.The fused feature proves that additional visual feature leads to more robustness compared with the situation where only textual feature is used.The on-topic posts,classified by their texts and pictures automatically,represent timely Disaster documentation during an event.Coupling with rich spatial contexts when geotagged,social media could greatly aid in a variety of Disaster mitigation approaches.

关键词： Social media Disaster convolutional neural network visual-textual fused classification

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Revisiting Emergency Food Reserve Policy and Practiceunder Disaster and Extreme Climate Events

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第1期10卷 1-13页

作者： Jonatan A.Lassa Paul Teng Mely Caballero-Anthony Maxim Shrestha Emergency and Disaster Management Studies Charles Darwin University Natural Sciences and Science Education National Institute of Education Centre for Non-Traditional Security Studies S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) Nanyang Technological University

All food systems will continue to be affected by Disasters and extreme climate events. Triggered by recent food crises around the world and climate change concerns,some governments have been trying to develop more robust and resilient food systems. One of the oldest options for many governments is to stockpile emergency food reserves for the purpose of food security and Disaster preparedness. In the aftermath of the world food price crises in2007–2008 and 2011, some governments in Asia have been maintaining emergency food reserves to ensure greater supply and price stability. Disasters and extreme climate events help governments to justify emergency food reserves. This research examined emergency food reserve policies in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Malaysia.Emergency food reserves emerged as a practice where the shared objectives of development, Disaster risk reduction,and climate change adaptation have been demonstrated by governments. The findings suggest that most governments maintain the strong view that adequate emergency food reserves can buffer national food price shocks and shocks from Disasters and climate change, and soften disruptions in trade due to export bans during times of Disasters and climate emergencies.Under global climate change scenarios, food security is at risk and volatile(Porter et al. 2014). The expected increase in climate extremes has generated anticipatory actions from governments, including a new push for EFR policy adoption. Triggered by recent Disasters and climate change concerns, some governments have been trying to develop more robust and resilient food systems(Fan and Brzeska 2014; Porter et al. 2014). For many countries in Asia, this means the renewed adoption of EFR. Unfortunately, we argue that this is not well understood in climate change adaptation studies as well as contemporary Disaster studies.The Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)first initiated a Food Security Reserve Agreement in 1979,with the purpose of meeting emergency requirements(ASEAN 1979). Pol

关键词： Climate change adaptation Disaster preparedness Emergency food reserves Food security Food stockpiling Southeast Asia

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Psychological Outcomes in Disaster Responders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effect of Social Support

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第3期9卷 344-358页

作者： Johnrev Guilaran Ian de Terte Krzysztof Kaniasty Christine Stephens School of Psychology Massey University Division of Social Sciences University of the Philippines Visayas Department of Psychology Indiana University of Pennsylvania Polish Academy of Sciences

Disaster response work is associated with various psychological outcomes. In post-Disaster conditions,social support is generally observed to impact mental health, particularly for survivors. This review was conducted to survey the extent of social support effectiveness on Disaster responder groups. Published quantitative social support studies on police, emergency medical responders,rescue and recovery workers, firefighters, and military responders were searched in various academic databases using keyword searches, a reference list search, and a citation search that resulted in 24 studies with 90 effect sizes being included in the final data base. Articles were coded and effect sizes were averaged using the Hedges–Vevea Random Effects model. Nineteen categories of psychological outcomes(for example, anxiety, depression,posttraumatic stress symptoms, and psychological distress)and eight classifications of support were coded. Social support was found to be associated with anxiety, burnout,depression, job control, job satisfaction, psychological distress, turnover intentions, and work engagement, with mean effect sizes from-0.36 to 0.57. Most studies measured perceived social support and negative outcomes.Social support correlated with outcomes in police responders and rescue and recovery workers. This review discusses the breadth of effect of social support, as well as other elements, such as temporal factors, that may affect the effectiveness of social support in Disaster responders.

关键词： Disaster responders Meta-analysis Post-Disaster psychological outcomes Psychological distress Social support

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