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Ionospheric precursors of strong earthquakes observed using six GNSS stations data during continuous five years(2011-2015)

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第1期14卷 65-79页

作者： H.E.Eshkuvatov B.J.Ahmedov Y.A.Tillayev M.Arslan Tariq M.Ali Shah Libo Liu Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute Astronomy St.33Tashkent 100052Uzbekistan National University of Uzbekistan University St.4Tashkent 100174Uzbekistan Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research National Research University TIIAMEKori Niyoziy 39Tashkent 100000Uzbekistan Centre for Earthquake Studies National Centre for PhysicsIslamabadPakistan Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

This study reports the morphological characteristics of anomalous variations in Global Navigation Satellite System Total Electron Content(GNSS-TEC) prior to the strong local earthquakes(EQ) that occurred during the period of 2011-2015.We have analyzed 20 earthquakes of magnitude M> 5.6.A statistical technique is implemented on the data of six GNSS stations located in Tashkent,Kitab,and Maidanak in Uzbekistan,and Islamabad,Multan,Quetta in Pakistan.The results show continuous anomalous variations in TEC during 24 h befo re the occupancy of local earthquakes.It is shown that the precursors before the occurrence of strong earthquakes,in particular of magnitude 5.7,7.7,7.5,7.8 and 7.3 are detected near Eastern Uzbekistan(26 May 2013),Southwestern Pakistan(24 September 2013),Hindukush region of Afghanistan(26 October 2015),and Central Nepal(25 April 2015) and(12 May 2015),respectively.The ionospheric anomalies appearing before the strong earthquakes at six GNSS stations are registered in 14cases(70%) out of 20 selected EQs.It is depicted that anomalies referred to as ionospheric precursors appeared about 1-7 days prior to the occurrence of strong earthquakes.

关键词： GNSS TEC earthquakes Ionospheric precursors

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Large earthquakes along slow converging plate margins:Calabrian Arc paleoseismicity based on the submarine turbidite record

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第5期14卷 241-266页

作者： A.Polonia R.Melis P.Galli E.Colizza D.D.Insinga L.Gasperini Istituto di Scienze Marine(ISMAR-CNR) Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheArea della Ricerca di BolognaItaly Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze Universitàdegli Studi di TriesteItaly Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri Dipartimento della Protezione CivileServizio Rischio Sismico-RomaItaly

The Calabrian Arc subduction-rollback system hosts seismogenic faults capable of generating earthquakes exceeding magnitude 7.Since earthquakes are the result of long-term geodynamic processes,documenting seismic activity during a sufficiently long time interval is of fundamental importance for hazard scenarios.Instrumental and historical data provide critical information on seismogenesis,but they cover time periods shorter than the recurrence times of large earthquakes,especially in areas with low deformation rates such as Calabria.If onshore paleoseismological studies are fundamental to compile earthquake catalogs,they are sometime affected by the relatively poor continuity of sedimentation in the subaerial environment.In this study we applied the paleoseismological approach to the submarine environment to reconstruct the record of high-energy sedimentary events triggered by seismic activity.We analyzed three gravity cores collected in disconnected sedimentary basins to reconstruct resedimentation processes during the Holocene,integrating inland information for a better assessment of tectonic activity and seismogenesis.Multiproxy analyses of the sedimentary record constrained by radiometric dating allowed reconstructing event stratigraphy and linking resedimented deposits to specific earthquakes.Onshore and offshore data allow to identify large-magnitude earthquakes in the central Calabrian Arc subduction system during the Holocene,with inferred epicenters located either along normal faults onshore and/or related to the slab dynamics.The turbidite record reveals 20 major events during the last 10 ka,with sources including crustal faults in Calabria(i.e.Lakes,Rossano and Cittanova faults).Analyses of sediment samples and high-resolution seismic reflection images allowed identification of different types of resedimented deposits during the last 30–50 ka.The basin-wide occurrence of three megaturbidites/homogenites suggests they are related to megatsunamis sourced by far field earthquakes along the Hellenic Arc.Me

关键词： Calabrian Arc earthquakes Seismic shaking Sedimentation Seismo-turbidites

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A Prediction Method of Ground Motion for Regions without Available Observation Data(LGB-FS)and Its Application to both Yangbi and Maduo earthquakes in 2021

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第4期33卷 869-884页

作者： Jin Chen Hong Tang Wenkai Chen Naisen Yang State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Lanzhou Institute of Seismology China Earthquake AdministrationLanzhou 730000China

Currently available earthquake attenuation equations are locally applicable,and methods based on observation data are not applicable in areas without available observation data.To solve the above problems and further improve the prediction accuracy of ground motion parameters,we present a prediction model referred to as a light gradient boosting machine with feature selection(LGB-FS).It is based on a light gradient boosting machine(LightGBM)constructed using historical strong motion data from the NGA-west2 database and can quickly simulate the distribution of strong motion near the epicenter after an earthquake.Cases study shows that compared with GMPE methods and those based on real-time observation data,the model has a better prediction effect in areas without available observation data and can be applied to Yangbi Earthquake and Maduo Earthquake.The feature importance evaluation based on both information gains and partial dependence plots(PDPs)reveals the complex relationships between multiple factors and ground motion parameters,allowing us to better understand their mechanisms and connections.

关键词： LightGBM ground motion parameters NGA-west2 feature selection Yangbi Maduo earthquakes

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Estimating Seismic Intensity Maps of the 2021 Mw 7.3 Madoi,Qinghai and Mw 6.1 Yangbi,Yunnan,China earthquakes

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第4期33卷 839-846页

作者： Wenkai Chen Dun Wang Can Zhang Qiang Yao Hongjun Si Lanzhou Institute of Seismology China Earthquake AdministrationLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Seismological Research Institute Inc. Tokyo 113-0032Japan

This study focuses on rapidly determining seismic intensity maps of earthquakes because it offers fundamental information for effective emergency rescue and subsequent scientific research,and remains challenging to accurately determine seismic intensity map in regions with sparse instrumental observations.Here we applied a novel method that consisted of array technology(backprojection),ground-motion prediction equations,and site corrections,to estimate the seismic intensity maps of the 2021 Mw 7.3 Madoi,Qinghai and the Mw 6.1 Yangbi,Yunnan,China earthquakes.We used seismic data recorded at European stations to back-project the source processes of the 2021 Mw7.3 Madoi,Qinghai and the Mw 6.1 Yangbi,Yunnan,China earthquakes.The back-projected energy radiations were then used as subevents or used to define the fault geometry.Summing the contributions of each subevent or estimating the shortest distances from each site to the rupture fault,we obtained the ground motion(PGA and PGV)for each site under rock site conditions.The estimated ground motions were corrected at each site for local site amplification according to the Vs30 database.Our estimated seismic intensity maps and field reports showed high similarity,which further validated the effectiveness of the novel approach,and pushed the limit of earthquake size down to~M 6.Such efforts would substantially help in the fast and accurate evaluation of earthquake damage,and precise rescue efforts.

关键词： earthquakes seismic intensity map back-projection ground-motion prediction equations

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Risk Assessment of Tsunamis Along the Chinese Coast Due to earthquakes

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第2期13卷 275-290页

作者： Chun Hui Lixin Ning Changxiu Cheng Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China National Tibetan Plateau Data Center Beijing 100101China

China’s coastal areas are densely populated,economically developed, and located in close proximity to several potential tsunami sources;therefore, tsunami risk cannot be ignored. This study assessed tsunami risk in coastal areas of China by developing a framework for tsunami risk assessment from the perspectives of hazards,vulnerability, and exposure. First, a probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment(PTHA) model was applied to estimate the potential tsunami sources in both local crustal faults and circum-Pacific subduction zones based on numerical simulations. The output of the PTHA includes tsunami wave height distributions along the coast. Then, an indicator system reflecting exposure and vulnerability to tsunamis in the coastal areas of China was established by using the entropy method and analytic hierarchy process.The PTHA findings show that the tsunami wave height is close to 3 m on the southern coast of the Bohai Sea, the Pearl River Estuary, and the Yangtze River Delta and exceeds 2 m near the Taiwan Strait for the 2000-year return period. The results of the tsunami risk assessment show that the cities at the highest risk level(level I) include Tangshan, Yantai, and Hong Kong, while cities at the high risk level(level II) include Fuzhou, Xiamen, and Quanzhou near the Taiwan Strait and many cities on the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Estuary, and the southern coast of the Bohai Sea. Our findings can provide an understanding of differences in tsunami risk between Chinese coastal cities that may be affected by tsunamis in the future.

关键词： China coast earthquakes Probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment Tsunami exposure Tsunami risk Vulnerability

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earthquakes

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当代外语研究 2003年第1期 9-11页

作者：龚晨月

选注者言:本文用非常清晰明了的语言对地震现象作了说明和解释。值得我们学习的内容有:许多科技术语的构成。本文提供了三种模式。一是科技专用术语,比如:epicenter,其含义是“震中”,是一个专门为earthquake所用的单词,当然,人们也经... 详细信息

选注者言:本文用非常清晰明了的语言对地震现象作了说明和解释。值得我们学习的内容有:许多科技术语的构成。本文提供了三种模式。一是科技专用术语,比如:epicenter,其含义是“震中”,是一个专门为earthquake所用的单词,当然,人们也经常用其转义(Connotation),比如:stood at the epicenter of theinternational crisis/处于国际危机的中心。二是“挪用”普通词汇。

关键词：科技术语 earthquakes

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A minor emphasis on the outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis after devastating earthquakes in Turkey

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亚太热带医药杂志：英文版 2023年第3期16卷 97-98页

作者： Ilknur Nihal Ardic Nurittin Ardic SabuncuoğluŞerefeddin Training and Research Hospital Emergency ServiceAmasyaTurkey Viagen Genetic Center Tissue Typing LaboratoryAnkaraTurkey

Leishmaniasis is a serious parasitic disease caused by Leishmania species transmitted by the bite of sandflies. This disease is also an important public health problem. Clinical manifestations can be classified as cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis, depending on the species of parasite and the host’s immune status. Although the cutaneous form is not fatal, it often causes disfiguring scars on the skin[1].

关键词： earthquakes minor problem.

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Preface to the special collection of Induced earthquakes

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2021年第6期5卷 483-484页

作者： HongFeng Yang XiaoWei Chen Rebecca Harrington YaJing Liu Earth System Science Programme Faculty of ScienceThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNTHong KongChina School of Geosciences The University of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA Institute for Geology Mineralogy&GeophysicsRuhr University BochumBochumGermany Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences McGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada

It has been long recognized that a variety of anthropogenic activities may cause earthquakes(Ellsworth et al.,2013;Yang HF et al.,2017).In the recent decades,induced earthquakes have been found in many settings and be... 详细信息

关键词： setting Earthquake earthquakes

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The fallacy of interpreting SSDS with different types of breccias as seismites amid the multifarious origins of earthquakes:Implications

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2017年第1期6卷 12-44页

作者： G.Shanmugam Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTX 76019USA

At present, there are no criteria to distinguish soft-sediment deformation structures （SSDS） formed by earthquakes from SSDS formed by the other 20 triggering mechanisms （see a companion paper in Vol 5, No. 4 of this journal by Shanmugam, 2016）. Even if one betieves that earthquakes are the true triggering mechanism of SSDS in a given case, the story is stiff incomptete. This is because earthquakes （seismic shocks） are induced by a variety of causes： 1） glbaltectonics and associated faults （i.e., midocean ridges, trenches, and transform fautts）; 2） meteorite-impact events; 3） volcanic eruptions; 4） post-gtacialuplift; 5） tsunami impact; 6 cyclonic impact; 7） landslides （mass-transport deposits）; 8） tidal activity; 9） sea-tevet rise; 10） erosion; and 11） fluid pumping. These different causes are important for devetoping SSDS. Breccias are an important group of SSDS. Although there are many types of breccias classified on the basis of their origin, five types are discussed here （fault, volcanic, meteorite impact, sedimentary-depositionaL, sedimentary-collapse）. Atthough different breccia types may resemble each other, distinguishing one type （e.g., meteorite breccias） from the other types （e.g., fault, volcanic, and sedimentary breccias） has important imptications. 1） Meteorite breccias are characterized by shock features （e.g., planar deformation features in mineral grains, planar fractures, high-pressure polymorphs, shock melts, etc.）, whereas sedimentary- depositional breccias （e.g., debrites） do not. 2） Meteorite breccias imply a confined sediment distribution in the vicinity of craters, whereas sedimentary-depositional breccias imply an unconfined sediment distribution, variable sediment transport, and variable sediment provenance. 3） Meteorite, volcanic, and fault breccias are invariabty subjected to diagenesis and hydrothermat mineratization with attered reservoir quality, whereas sedimentary-depositional breccias exhibit primary （unaltered） reservoir quality. And finalty, 4） sedimentary-collapse breccias ar

关键词： Breccias earthquakes Faults Global tectonics Meteorite impacts Seismites Soft-sedimentdeformation structures （SSDS）

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Potential traces of earthquakes in the ancient city of Kytaia, Kerch Peninsula, Crimea

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2019年第4期10卷 331-338页

作者： E.A.Molev A.M.Korzhenkov A.N.Ovsyuchenko A.S.Larkov Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education N.I.Lobachevsky State UniversityNizhny NovgorodRussian Federation Institute of Physics of the Earth RASMoscowRussian Federation

In this paper, the authors studied the traces of destruction in the fortress walls and houses of the Bosporan city of Kytaia. The study of this city has been ongoing since 1970. Over the past time, numerous damages have been identified at different sites of the ancient settlement. In the article, an attempt is made to compare some of them with the results of earthquakes on the Bosporus, about which the data of ancient authors were preserved.

关键词： The Bosporan city of Kytaia Traces of destruction Ancient earthquakes

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