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Impact of transcranial electrical stimulation on serum neurotrophic factors and language function in patients with speech disorders

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第10期12卷 1742-1749页

作者： Li Sun Kai Xiao Xiao-Yan Shen Shu Wang Department of Rehabilitation Medicine General Hospital of the Yangtze River ShippingWuhan 430010Hubei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Speech disorders have a substantial impact on communication abilities and quality of life.Traditional treatments such as speech and psychological therapies frequently demonstrate limited effectiveness and patient compliance.Transcranial electrical stimulation(TES)has emerged as a promising non-invasive treatment to improve neurological functions.However,its effectiveness in enhancing language functions and serum neurofactor levels in individuals with speech disorders requires further investigation.AIM To investigate the impact of TES in conjunction with standard therapies on serum neurotrophic factor levels and language function in patients with speech disorders.METHODS In a controlled study spanning from March 2019 to November 2021,81 patients with speech disorders were divided into a control group(n=40)receiving standard speech stimulation and psychological intervention,and an observation group(n=41)receiving additional TES.The study assessed serum levels of ciliary neurotrophic factor(CNTF),glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF),brainderived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),and nerve growth factor(NGF),as well as evaluations of motor function,language function,and development quotient scores.RESULTS After 3 wk of intervention,the observation group exhibited significantly higher serum levels of CNTF,GDNF,BDNF,and NGF compared to the control group.Moreover,improvements were noted in motor function,cognitive function,language skills,physical abilities,and overall development quotient scores.It is worth mentioning that the observation group also displayed superior perfor CONCLUSION This retrospective study concluded that TES combined with traditional speech and psychotherapy can effectively increase the levels of neurokines in the blood and enhance language function in patients with speech disorders.These results provide a promising avenue for integrating TES into standard treatment methods for speech disorders.

关键词： Transcranial electrical stimulation Serum neurofactor levels Developmental level Language features

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First 150 years of catatonia:Looking back at its complicated history and forward to the road ahead

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第5期14卷 600-606页

作者： Levente Csihi Gabor S Ungvari Stanley N Caroff Gábor Gazdag Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation Jahn Ferenc South Pest HospitalBudapest 1204Hungary Division of Psychiatry School of MedicineUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawley 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Section of Psychiatry University of Notre DameFremantle 6160Western AustraliaAustralia Behavioral Health Service Corporal Michael J CresenczVeterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Department of Psychiatry University of PennsylvaniaPerelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Department of Psychiatry and psychotherapy Faculty of MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapest 1083Hungary

Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum(1828-1899)was the first to conceptualize and describe the main clinical features of a novel psychiatric illness,which he termed catatonia in his groundbreaking monograph published 150 years ago.Although Kahlbaum postulated catatonia as a separate disease entity characterized by psychomotor symptoms and a cyclical course,a close examination of his 26 cases reveals that most of them presented with motor symptom complexes or syndromes associated with various psychiatric and medical conditions.In his classification system,Kraepelin categorized catatonic motor symptoms that occur in combination with psychotic symptoms and typically have a poor prognosis within his dementia praecox(schizophrenia)disease entity.Because of the substantial influence of Kraepelin’s classification,catatonia was predominantly perceived as a component of schizophrenia for most of the 20th century.However,with the advent of the psychopharmacotherapy era starting from the early 1950s,interest in catatonia in both clinical practice and research subsided until the early 2000s.The past two decades have witnessed a resurgence of interest in catatonia.The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition,marked a paradigmatic shift by acknowledging that catatonia can occur secondary to various psychiatric and medical conditions.The introduction of an independent diagnostic category termed“Catatonia Not Otherwise Specified”significantly stimulated research in this field.The authors briefly review the history and findings of recent catatonia research and highlight promising directions for future exploration.

关键词： Catatonia Historical overview Psychopharmacology Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school

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Relationship between left-behind status and cognitive function in older Chinese adults: a prospective 3-year cohort study

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General Psychiatry 2023年第3期36卷 148-157页

作者： Hong-Guang Zhang Fang Fan Bao-Liang Zhong Helen Fung-Kum Chiu Department of Psychiatry Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health CenterTongji Medical College of Huazhong Universityof Science&TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina Department of Psychiatry Wuhan Mental Health CenterWuhanHubeiChina Department of Clinical Psychology Wuhan Hospital for PsychotherapyWuhanHubeiChina Department of Psychiatry The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Background Due to the inaccuracy of the traditional geographical distance-based definition of left-behind status,data on the negative effect of left-behind status on cognitive function among older adults are controversial.Aims This study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of left-behind status with cognitive function in older Chinese adults.The left-behind status definition was based on the frequency of face-to-face parent-child meetings.Methods Data from a nationally representative sample of 8682 older adults(60+years)in 2015(5658 left behind and 3024 non-left behind),of which 6933 completed the follow-up in 2018,were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Left-behind older adults werebroadlydefined as those aged 60+years who had living adult children and saw their children less than once per month.The cognitive function was assessed with a composite cognitive test with higher total scores indicating better cognitive function.Results Left-behind older adults had significantly lower cognitive test scores than non-left-behind older adults in both 2015(11.1(6.0)vs 13.2(5.9),t=15.863,p<0.001)and 2018(10.0(6.6)vs 12.4(6.7),t=14.177,p<0.001).After adjusting for demographic factors,lifestyle factors,chronic medical conditions and the baseline cognitive test score(in the longitudinal analysis only),on average,the cognitive test score of left-behind older adults was 0.628 lower than their non-left-behind counterparts in 2015(t=5.689,p<0.001).This difference in cognitive test scores attenuated to 0.322 but remained significant in 2018(t=2.733,p=0.006).Conclusions Left-behind older Chinese adults have a higher risk of poor cognitive function and cognitive decline than their non-left-behind counterparts.Specific efforts targeting left-behind older adults,such as encouraging adult children to visit their parents more regularly,are warranted to maintain or delay the progression of cognitive decline.

关键词： function cognitive maintain

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Physiotherapy for patients with depression:Recent research progress

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第5期14卷 635-643页

作者： Hui-Ling Liu Jing Sun Shi-Feng Meng Ning Sun Department of Mental Health First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030000Shanxi ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030000Shanxi ProvinceChina Department of Mental Health First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030000Shanxi ProvinceChina

Depression,a common mental illness,seriously affects the health of individuals and has deleterious effects on society.The prevention and treatment of depression has drawn the attention of many researchers and has become an important social issue.The treatment strategies for depression include drugs,psychotherapy,and physiotherapy.Drug therapy is ineffective in some patients and psychotherapy has treatment limitations.As a reliable adjuvant therapy,physiotherapy compensates for the shortcomings of drug and psychotherapy and effectively reduces the disease recurrence rate.Physiotherapy is more scientific and rigorous,its methods are diverse,and to a certain extent,provides more choices for the treatment of depression.Physiotherapy can relieve symptoms in many ways,such as by improving the levels of neurobiochemical molecules,inhibiting the inflammatory response,regulating the neuroendocrine system,and increasing neuroplasticity.Physiotherapy has biological effects similar to those of antidepressants and may produce a superimposed impact when combined with other treatments.This article summarizes the findings on the use of physiotherapy to treat patients with depression over the past five years.It also discusses several methods of physiotherapy for treating depression from the aspects of clinical effect,mechanism of action,and disadvantages,thereby serving as a reference for the in-depth development of physiotherapy research.

关键词： Depression Physiotherapy Non-pharmacological Rehabilitation therapy Recent advances

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Defective mitophagy and the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 461-473页

作者： Kuan Zeng Xuan Yu Yacoubou Abdoul Razak Mahaman Jian-Zhi Wang Rong Liu Yi Li Xiaochuan Wang Department of Psychiatry Wuhan Mental Health CenterWuhan 430012China Co-Innovation Center of Neurodegeneration Nantong UniversityNantong 226001China Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China wuhan hospital for psychotherapy Wuhan 430012China Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute Shenzhen 518000China.

Accumulation of impaired mitochondria and energy metabolism disorders are non-negligible features of both aging and age-related neurodegeneration,including Alzheimer’s disease(AD).A growing number of studies suggest that mitophagy disorders play an important role in AD occurrence and development.The interaction between mitophagy deficits and Aβor Tau pathology may form a vicious cycle and cause neuronal damage and death.Elucidating the molecular mechanism of mitophagy and its role in AD may provide insights into the etiology and mechanisms of AD.Defective mitophagy is a potential target for AD prevention and treatment.

关键词： Mitophagy Alzheimer’s disease PINK1 Tau Aβ

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Clinical high-risk criteria of psychosis in 8–17-year-old community subjects and inpatients not suspected of developing psychosis

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第3期12卷 425-449页

作者： Frauke Schultze-Lutter Petra Walger Maurizia Franscini Nina Traber-Walker Naweed Osman Helene Walger Benno G Schimmelmann Rahel Flückiger Chantal Michel Department of Psychiatry and psychotherapy Medical FacultyHeinrich-Heine UniversityDüsseldorf 40629North-Rhine WestphaliaGermany Department of Psychology Faculty of PsychologyAirlangga UniversitySurabaya 60286Indonesia University hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and psychotherapy University of BernBern 3000Switzerland Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and psychotherapy University of ZürichZürich 8032Germany Department of Psychiatry and psychotherapy Ludwig-Maximilian-UniversityMunich 80336BavariaGermany University hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Hospital Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg 20246Germany

BACKGROUND In children and adolescents compared to adults,clinical high-risk of psychosis(CHR)criteria and symptoms are more prevalent but less psychosis-predictive and less clinically relevant.Based on high rates of non-converters to psychosis,especially in children and adolescents,it was suggested that CHR criteria were:(1)Pluripotential;(2)A transdiagnostic risk factor;and(3)Simply a severity marker of mental disorders rather than specifically psychosis-predictive.If any of these three alternative explanatory models were true,their prevalence should differ between persons with and without mental disorders,and their severity should be associated with functional impairment as a measure of severity.AIM To compare the prevalence and severity of CHR criteria/symptoms in children and adolescents of the community and inpatients.METHODS In the mainly cross-sectional examinations,8–17-year-old community subjects(n=233)randomly chosen from the population register of the Swiss Canton Bern,and inpatients(n=306)with primary diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(n=86),eating disorder(n=97),anxiety including obsessive–compulsive disorder(n=94),or autism spectrum disorder(n=29),not clinically suspected to develop psychosis,were examined for CHR symptoms/criteria.Positive items of the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes(SIPS)were used to assess the symptomatic ultra-high-risk criteria,and the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument,Child and Youth version(SPI-CY)was used to assess the 14 basic symptoms relevant to basic symptom criteria.We examined group differences in frequency and severity of CHR symptoms/criteria usingχ^(2) tests and nonparametric tests with Cramer’s V and Rosenthal’s r as effect sizes,and their association with functioning using correlation analyses.RESULTS The 7.3%prevalence rate of CHR criteria in community subjects did not differ significantly from the 9.5%rate in inpatients.Frequency and severity of CHR criteria never differed between the community and the four inpatient groups

关键词： Psychotic disorders Risk assessment Minors Community Inpatients Psychosocial functioning

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Suicidal behavior-advances in clinical and neurobiological research and improvement of prevention strategies

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第9期12卷 1115-1126页

作者： Thomas Sobanski Gregor Peikert Ulrich W Kastner Gerd Wagner Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapyand Psychosomatic MedicineTHUERINGEN-Kliniken GmbHSaalfeld 07318Germany Network for Suicide Prevention in Thuringia(NeST) Jena 07743Germany Department of Psychiatry and psychotherapy University Hospital JenaJena 07743Germany Department of Psychiatry and psychotherapy Helios Fachkliniken HildburghausenHildburghausen 98646Germany

Suicide is the 14^(th)leading cause of death worldwide.It is responsible for 1%-5%of all mortality.This article highlights the latest developments in universal,selective,and indicated prevention strategies.Concerning universal suicide prevention,current research has shown that strategies such as restricting access to lethal means(e.g.,control of analgesics and hot-spots for suicide by jumping)and school-based awareness programs are most efficacious.Regarding selective prevention,substantial progress can be expected in psychological screening methods for suicidal behavior.The measurement of implicit cognition proved to be more valid in predicting future suicide attempts than classic clinical assessment.Latest developments are smartphone-based interventions and realtime monitoring of suicidal behavior.Great effort has been made to establish valid neurobiological screening methods(e.g.,genetic and epigenetic risk factors for suicide,hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis)without yielding a major breakthrough.Potentially,multiple biomarkers rather than a single one are necessary to identify individuals at risk.With regard to indicated prevention in form of psychopharmacological treatment,recent pharmacoepidemiological studies and meta-analyses have supported a protective role of antidepressants,lithium,and clozapine.However,the data concerning a specific anti-suicidal effect of these drugs are currently not consistent.Promising results exist for ketamine in reducing suicidal ideation,independently of its antidepressant effect.Concerning psychotherapy,recent findings suggest that psychotherapeutic interventions specifically designed to prevent suicide re-attempts are most efficacious.Specifically,cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic therapy approaches proved to decrease the number of suicide re-attempts significantly.

关键词： Antidepressants Biomarkers Cognitive behavioral therapy Ketamine Prevention Suicide

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Functional neuroanatomy in panic disorder:Status quo of the research

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2017年第1期7卷 12-33页

作者： Thomas Sobanski Gerd Wagner Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapyand Psychosomatic MedicineThueringen-Kliniken GmbH Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group Jena Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyJena University Hospital

AIM To provide an overview of the current research in the functional neuroanatomy of panic disorder.METHODS Panic disorder(PD) is a frequent psychiatric disease. Gorman et al(1989; 2000) proposed a comprehensive neuroanatomical model of PD, which suggested that fear-and anxiety-related responses are mediated by a so-called "fear network" which is centered in the amygdala and includes the hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray region, locus coeruleus and other brainstem sites. We performed a systematic search by the electronic database PubMed. Thereby, the main focus was laid on recent neurofunctional, neurostructural, and neurochemical studies(from the period between January 2012 and April 2016). Within this frame, special attention was given to the emerging field of imaging genetics. RESULTS We noted that many neuroimaging studies have reinforced the role of the "fear network" regions in the pathophysiology of panic disorder. However, recent functional studies suggest abnormal activation mainly in an extended fear network comprising brainstem, anterior and midcingulate cortex(ACC and MCC), insula, and lateral as well as medial parts of the prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, differences in the amygdala activation were not as consistently reported as one would predict from the hypothesis of Gorman et al(2000). Indeed, amygdala hyperactivation seems to strongly depend on stimuli and experimental paradigms, sample heterogeneity and size, as well as on limitations of neuroimaging techniques. Advanced neurochemical studies have substantiated the major role of serotonergic, noradrenergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the pathophysiology of PD. However, alterations of GABAergic function in PD are still a matter of debate and also their specificity remains questionable. A promising new research approach is "imaging genetics". Imaging genetic studies are designed to evaluate the impact of genetic variations(polymorphisms) on cerebral function in regions critical for PD. Most recently, imaging gen

关键词： Panic disorder Anterior cingulate cortex Amygdala Insula Functional magnetic resonance imaging Diffusion tensor imaging Voxel-based morphometry Imaging genetics Serotonin Noradrenaline

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Altered attentive bias towards interpersonal communication information across phases of schizophrenia: an eye-tracking study

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General Psychiatry 2022年第2期35卷 119-126页

作者： Yikang Zhu Lihua Xu Qian Guo Tianhong Zhang Xiaochen Hu Paul Enck Jijun Wang Chunbo Li Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorder Shangai Mental Heath CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Psychiatry and psychotherapy Medical FacultyUniversity of ColognenCologneGermany Department of Interal Medicine VI:Psychosomatic Medicine and psychotherapy University Hospital TubingenTubingenGermany CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology(CEBSIT)Chinese Academy of Sciences ShanghaiChina Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Background Eye movement abnormality in schizophrenia has been studied for several decades.However,patient differences in eye movements across phases of schizophrenia from eye-tracking studies have not been well documented.Aims This pilot study used eye-tracking technology to investigate attentive bias towards interpersonal communication information across different clinical phases of schizophrenia.Methods This study included 78 persons at clinical high risk(CHR)for schizophrenia,68 first-episode(FEZ)patients,and 39 chronically ill patients from the Shanghai At Risk for Psychosis Extending Project(SHARP Extending cohort)as well as 74 healthy controls(HCs).The experiment was an unguided-viewing task composed of 24 trials showing three types of pictures which varied in the degree of interpersonal communication.Type 1 was a scenery picture without people,type 2 was a picture with four people not communicating,and type 3 was a picture with four people communicating.We used two measures:(1)initial fixation duration and(2)total fixation duration.Results A ratio for both measures was calculated between measures for pictures with more or less interpersonal communication.The ratio of initial fixation duration for pictures with people communicating versus pictures with people not communicating was lowest in chronically ill patients(0.13(0.34))compared with HCs(0.31(0.36)),FEZ patients(0.31(0.46)),and CHR patients(0.36(0.42)).The difference in the ratios of initial fixation duration for type 2 and type 3 pictures was also significant for female participants(HCs vs chronically ill patients,t=2.706,p=0.009;CHR patients vs chronically ill patients,t=4.079,p<0.001).In addition,the ratio of initial fixation duration on pictures with people not communicating versus pictures without people negatively correlated with participants’high-risk symptoms(r=−0.35,p=0.002)among the CHR group and also correlated with the negative symptom subscore on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)among chronically ill patients(r=−0.33,p=0.037

关键词： schizophrenia communication measures

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Effects of age and sex on clinical high-risk for psychosis in the community

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2020年第5期10卷 101-124页

作者： Frauke Schultze-Lutter Benno G Schimmelmann Rahel Fluckiger Chantal Michel Department of Psychiatry and psychotherapy Medical FacultyHeinrich-Heine UniversityDüsseldorf 40692Germany University hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and psychotherapy University of BernBern 3000Switzerland University hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Hospital Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg 20246Germany

BACKGROUND Recent reports of both heightened prevalence rates and limited clinical relevance of clinical high-risk(CHR)criteria and their relevant symptoms in children and adolescents indicate an important role of neurodevelopment in the early detection of psychoses.Furthermore,sex effects in CHR symptoms have been reported,though studies were inconclusive.As sex also impacts on neurodevelopment,we expected that sex might have an additional contribution to age in the prevalence and clinical relevance of CHR symptoms and criteria.AIM To investigate age and sex effects on CHR criteria and symptoms and their association with psychosocial impairment and mental disorder.METHODS In this cross-sectional cohort study,n=29168-to 40-year-olds,randomly drawn from the population register of the Swiss canton Bern,were assessed in semistructured interviews by phone or face-to-face for CHR symptoms and criteria using the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes and the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument in its child and youth,and adult version,respectively.Furthermore,social and occupational functioning and DSM-IV axis I disorders were assessed.Simple and interaction effects of age and sex on CHR symptoms and criteria,and interaction effects of age,sex,and CHR symptoms and criteria on presentation of functional impairment and of non-psychotic disorder were investigated using logistic regression analyses.RESULTS Altogether,542(18.6%)participants reported any CHR symptom;of these,261(9.0%)participants reported any one of the 11 criteria relevant cognitive and perceptual basic symptoms,and 381(13.1%)any one of the five attenuated or transient psychotic symptoms(attenuated psychotic symptoms/brief intermittent psychotic symptoms).Fewer participants met any one of the CHR criteria(n=82,2.8%)or any one of the three recently recommended CHR criteria(n=38,1.3%).Both age and sex were significantly(P<0.05)associated with CHR symptoms and criteria,mostly by younger age and female sex.Though slightly differing between symptom grou

关键词： Psychosis Clinical high-risk Attenuated psychotic symptoms Basic symptoms Community Age Sex Interview assessment Prevalence

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