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Axon regeneration induced by environmental enrichment-epigenetic mechanisms

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第1期15卷 10-15页

作者： Bor Luen Tang Department of Biochemistry Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering National University of Singapore

Environmental enrichment is known to be beneficial for cognitive improvement.In many animal models of neurological disorders and brain injury,EE has also demonstrated neuroprotective benefits in neurodegenerative diseases and in improving recovery after stroke or traumatic brain injury.The exact underlying mechanism for these phenomena has been unclear.Recent findings have now indicated that neuronal activity elicited by environmental enrichment induces Ca2+influx in dorsal root ganglion neurons results in lasting enhancement of CREB-binding protein-mediated histone acetylation.This,in turn,increases the expression of pro-regeneration genes and promotes axonal regeneration.This mechanism associated with neuronal activity elicited by environmental enrichment-mediated pathway is one of several epigenetic mechanisms which modulate axon regeneration upon injury that has recently come to light.The other prominent mechanisms,albeit not yet directly associated with environmental enrichment,include DNA methylation/demethylation and N6-methyladenosine modification of transcripts.In this brief review,I highlight recent work that has shed light on the epigenetic basis of environmental enrichment-based axon regeneration,and discuss the mechanism and pathways involved.I further speculate on the implications of the findings,in conjunction with the other epigenetic mechanisms,that could be harness to promote axon regeneration upon injury.

关键词： axon regeneration CREB-binding protein DNA methylation/demethylation dorsal root ganglion DRG neurons environmental enrichment epigenetics histone acetylation mechanistic target of rapamycin mTOR phosphatase and tensin homologue PTEN

Upconversion Nanoparticles-Encoded Hydrogel Microbeads-Based Multiplexed Protein Detection

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Nano-Micro Letters 2018年第2期10卷 135-150页

作者： Swati Shikha Xiang Zheng Yong Zhang Department of Biomedical engineering Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore (NUS) NUS Graduate school for integrative Sciences and engineering Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS)

Fluorescently encoded microbeads are in demand for multiplexed applications in different fields.Compared to organic dye-based commercially available Luminex's x MAP technology, upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs) are better alternatives due to their large antiStokes shift, photostability, nil background, and single wavelength excitation. Here, we developed a new multiplexed detection system using UCNPs for encoding poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate(PEGDA) microbeads as well as for labeling reporter antibody. However, to prepare UCNPs-encoded microbeads, currently used swellingbased encapsulation leads to non-uniformity, which is undesirable for fluorescence-based multiplexing. Hence,we utilized droplet microfluidics to obtain encoded microbeads of uniform size, shape, and UCNPs distribution inside. Additionally, PEGDA microbeads lack functionality for probe antibodies conjugation on their surface.Methods to functionalize the surface of PEGDA microbeads(acrylic acid incorporation, polydopamine coating)reported thus far quench the fluorescence of UCNPs. Here,PEGDA microbeads surface was coated with silica followed by carboxyl modification without compromising the fluorescence intensity of UCNPs. In this study, droplet microfluidics-assisted UCNPs-encoded microbeads of uniform shape, size, and fluorescence were prepared.Multiple color codes were generated by mixing UCNPs emitting red and green colors at different ratios prior to encapsulation. UCNPs emitting blue color were used to label the reporter antibody. Probe antibodies were covalently immobilized on red UCNPs-encoded microbeads for specific capture of human serum albumin(HSA) as a model protein. The system was also demonstrated for multiplexed detection of both human C-reactive protein(hCRP) and HSA protein by immobilizing anti-h CRP antibodies on green UCNPs.

关键词： Upconversion nanoparticles PEGDA microbeads Encoding Multiplexed bio-detection Single wavelength excitation

Nogo-A and the regulation of neurotransmitter receptors

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第11期15卷 2037-2038页

作者： Bor Luen Tang Department of Biochemistry Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore

Nogo-A is known to restrict plasticity in the adult central nervous system,and signalling through its cognate receptors modulates synaptic spine architecture and excitatory glutamate transmission via restricting synaptic glutamate receptor levels and their delivery to the post-synaptic compartments.A recent report now indicates that Nogo-A,signaling through Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 2,also strengthens inhibitory gamma amino acid butyric acid(GABA)ergic transmission by limiting the diffusion dynamics of GABAA receptors.This reciprocal modulation of excitatory and inhibitory signaling via neurotransmitter receptor dynamics by Nogo-A likely plays important pathophysiological roles in synaptic plasticity during development and injury.

关键词： restrict likely limiting

Safe navigation of quadrotors with jerk limited trajectory

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic engineering 2019年第1期20卷 107-119页

作者： Shu-peng LAI Meng-lu LAN Ya-xuan LI Ben M.CHEN Department of Electrical and Computer engineering National University of Singapore Graduate school for integrative Science & engineering National University of Singapore school of Control Science and engineering Shandong University Department of Mechanical and Automation engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong

Many aerial applications require unmanned aerial systems operate in safe zones because of the presence of obstacles or security regulations. It is a non-trivial task to generate a smooth trajectory satisfying both dynamic constraints and motion limits of the unmanned vehicles while being inside the safe zones. Then the task becomes even more challenging for real-time applications, for which computational efficiency is crucial. In this study, we present a safe flying corridor navigation method, which combines jerk limited trajectories with an efficient testing method to update the position setpoints in real time. Trajectories are generated online and incrementally with a cycle time smaller than 10 μs, which is exceptionally suitable for vehicles with limited onboard computational capability. Safe zones are represented with multiple interconnected bounding boxes which can be arbitrarily oriented.The jerk limited trajectory generation algorithm has been extended to cover the cases with asymmetrical motion limits. The proposed method has been successfully tested and verified in flight simulations and actual experiments.

关键词： Quadrotor Unmanned aerial vehicle Motion planning

Convolutional Neural Networks for Image-Based High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping:A Review

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 73-94页

作者： Yu Jiang Changying Li Horticulture Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell AgriTechCornell UniversityUSA school of Electrical and Computer engineering College of EngineeringThe University of GeorgiaUSA Phenomics and Plant Robotics Center The University of GeorgiaUSA

Plant phenotyping has been recognized as a bottleneck for improving the efficiency of breeding programs,understanding plantenvironment interactions,and managing agricultural systems.In the past five years,imaging approaches have shown great potential for high-throughput plant phenotyping,resulting in more attention paid to imaging-based plant phenotyping.With this increased amount of image data,it has become urgent to develop robust analytical tools that can extract phenotypic traits accurately and rapidly.The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest studies using deep convolutional neural networks(CNNs)in plant phenotyping applications.We specifically review the use of various CNN architecture for plant stress evaluation,plant development,and postharvest quality assessment.We systematically organize the studies based on technical developments resulting from imaging classification,object detection,and image segmentation,thereby identifying state-of-the-art solutions for certain phenotyping applications.Finally,we provide several directions for future research in the use of CNN architecture for plant phenotyping purposes.

关键词： Plant image thereby

Role of miR-124 in the regulation of retinoic acid-induced Neuro-2A cell differentiation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1133-1139页

作者： Qun You Qiang Gong Yu-Qiao Han Rou Pi Yi-Jie Du Su-Zhen Dong Shanghai engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina Department of integrative Medicine Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Institutes of integrative Medicine Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Retinoic acid can cause many types of cells,including mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2 A cells,to differentiate into neurons.However,it is still unknown whether microRNAs(miRNAs)play a role in this neuronal differentiation.To address this issue,real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect the expression of several differentiation-related miRNAs during the differentiation of retinoic acid-treated Neuro-2 A cells.The results revealed that miR-124 and miR-9 were upregulated,while miR-125 b was downregulated in retinoic acid-treated Neuro-2 A cells.To identify the miRNA that may play a key role,miR-124 expression was regulated by transfection of miRNA mimics or inhibitors.Morphological analysis results showed that inhibition of miR-124 expression reversed the effects of retinoic acid on neurite outgrowth.Moreover,miR-124 overexpression alone caused Neuro-2 A cells to differentiate into neurons,and its inhibitor could block this effect.These results suggest that miR-124 plays an important role in retinoic acid-induced differentiation of Neuro-2 A cells.

关键词： immunofluorescence MAP2 micro RNA mi R-124 Neuro-2A cells neurite outgrowth neuronal differentiation overexpression real-time PCR retinoic acid

Unique Damping Properties of Modified Eucommia Ulmoides Gum Bearing Polar and Branched Pendants

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第6期41卷 915-925,I0008页

作者： Zhi-Ying Han Heng-Chen Zhang You-Ji Li Ying Quan Mei-Ran Xie school of Chemistry and Molecular engineering East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China National&Local United engineering Laboratory of integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJishou UniversityJishou416000China

Eucommia ulmoides gum(EUG)was a biobased hard rubber with the prospected broad applications in rubber products,whereas possessed poor elasticity and weak damping functionality at room temperature.After modification of EUG by triazolinedione-based Alder-ene reaction,the modified EUG containing varied amount of polar and branched pendants could become a new type of soft rubber and functional material with excellent damping properties,and especially exhibited the unique damping plateau with a wide effective damping temperature range of 132℃ covering from-35℃ to 97℃,large loss factor of 0.8,high damping coefficient of 0.53,and more hysteresis loss of 0.35.Therefore,this sustainable elastomeric material with adjustable damping performance would absorb more vibrational mechanical energy in a wide temperature range,and have broadened applications in energy-absorption devices and shock-absorbing materials.

关键词： rubber Polar Modified

Rabs and axonal regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第4期14卷 566-569页

作者： Cheryl Qian Ying Yong Bor Luen Tang Department of Biochemistry Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University Health System National University of Singapore Graduate school for integrative Sciences and engineering National University of Singapore

Membrane trafficking processes are presumably vital for axonal regeneration after injury, but mechanistic understanding in this regard has been sparse. A recent loss-of-function screen had been carried out for factors important for axonal regeneration by cultured cortical neurons and the results suggested that the activity of a number of Rab GTPases might act to restrict axonal regeneration. A loss of Rab27b, in particular, is shown to enhance axonal regeneration in vitro, as well as in C. elegans and mouse central nervous system injury models in vivo. Possible mechanisms underlying this new finding, which has important academic and translational implication, are discussed.

关键词： Arf Rab Rab27b axon regeneration axonal transport cortical neurons central nervous system injury membrane trafficking Myosin-V

Development of environment-insensitive and highly emissive BODIPYs via installation of N,N'-dialkylsubstituted amide at meso position

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第9期33卷 4175-4178页

作者： Junping Bai Junliang Zhou Xin Ji Nannan Wang Xiaochun Dong Wei Wu Weili Zhao school of Pharmacy Institutes of Integrative MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai 201203China Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

Fluorescent dyes play a crucial role in fluorescence imaging and sensing technology.However,there is a dilemma that they are usually intrinsically hydrophobic which lacks of emission in water and modification with ionic groups to access water solubility may result in poor membrane permeability.Fluorescent dyes with strong fluorescence emission in both nonpolar and polar solvents are highly desirable.In this manuscript,we reported a strategy to develop fluorescent BODIPY dyes via installation of amide moiety at meso position of 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-BODIPY and discovered that N,N'-dialkylsubstituted BODIPY amides possessed highly fluorescent emission with favorable environment-insensitive properties.

关键词： Fluorescent dyes BODIPY Environment-insensitive Bioimaging