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SCFD1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:reconciling a genetic association with in vivo functional analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1201-1202页

作者： Ruben J.Cauchi Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking Biomedical Sciences BuildingDepartment of Physiology and BiochemistryFaculty of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons,resulting in muscle weakness and spasticity,eventually leading to death due to respiratory *** by our group of a casecontrol cohort from an isolated island population have found that genetics plays a significant role in disease etiology(Farrugia Wismayer et al.,2023).

关键词： sclerosis respiratory

Influence of cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition on resting and post-exercise indices of vascular health in young adults

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第1期6卷 54-62页

作者： Rian Q.Landers-Ramos Kathleen Dondero Ian Imery Nicholas Reveille Hannah A.Zabriskie Devon A.Dobrosielski Towson University Department of KinesiologyTowsonMDUSA University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation SciencesBaltimoreMDUSA Johns Hopkins University Department of Cell BiologyBaltimoreMDUSA University of Florida Department of Applied Physiology and KinesiologyGainesvilleFLUSA

Poor cardiorespiratory fitness may mediate vascular impairments at rest and following an acute bout of exercise in young healthy *** study aimed to compare flow mediated dilation(FMD)and vascular augmentation index(AIx75)between young adults with low,moderate,and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness before and after an acute bout of aerobic ***-three participants(22 men;21 women)between 18 and 29 years of age completed the *** were classified into low,moderate,and high health-related cardiorespiratory fitness groups according to age-and sex-based relative maximal oxygen consumption(V_O2 max)percentile *** was performed using Doppler ultrasound and AIx75 was performed using pulse wave analysis at baseline and 60-min after a 30-min bout of treadmill running at 70%V_O2 max.A significant interaction(p=0.047;ηp 2=0.142)was observed,with the moderate fitness group exhibiting a higher FMD post-exercise compared with baseline([6.7%3.1%]vs.[8.5%2.8%],p=0.028;d=0.598).We found a significant main effect of group for AIx75(p=0.023;ηp 2=0.168),with the high fitness group exhibiting lower AIx75 compared to low fitness group([10%10%]vs.[2%10%],respectively,p=0.019;g=1.07).This was eliminated after covarying for body fat percentage(p=0.489).Our findings suggest that resting FMD and AIx75 responses are not significantly influenced by cardiorespiratory fitness,but FMD recovery responses to exercise may be enhanced in individuals with moderate cardiorespiratory fitness levels.

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness Flow mediated dilation Augmentation index Vascular Acute exercise Body composition

EventLFM:event camera integrated Fourier light field microscopy for ultrafast 3D imaging

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1401-1415页

作者： Ruipeng Guo Qianwan Yang Andrew S.Chang Guorong Hu Joseph Greene Christopher V.Gabel Sixian You Lei Tian department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA department of physiology and Biophysics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA. Neurophotonics Center Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA. Research Laboratory of Electronics(RLE)in the department of Electrical Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA. department of biomedical Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA

Ultrafast 3D imaging is indispensable for visualizing complex and dynamic biological *** scanning-based techniques necessitate an inherent trade-off between acquisition speed and space-bandwidth product(SBP).Emerging single-shot 3D wide-field techniques offer a promising alternative but are bottlenecked by the synchronous readout constraints of conventional CMOS systems,thus restricting data throughput to maintain high SBP at limited frame *** address this,we introduce EventLFM,a straightforward and cost-effective system that overcomes these challenges by integrating an event camera with Fourier light field microscopy(LFM),a state-of-theart single-shot 3D wide-field imaging *** event camera operates on a novel asynchronous readout architecture,thereby bypassing the frame rate limitations inherent to conventional CMOS *** further develop a simple and robust event-driven LFM reconstruction algorithm that can reliably reconstruct 3D dynamics from the unique spatiotemporal measurements captured by *** results demonstrate that EventLFM can robustly reconstruct fast-moving and rapidly blinking 3D fluorescent samples at kHz frame ***,we highlight EventLFM’s capability for imaging of blinking neuronal signals in scattering mouse brain tissues and 3D tracking of GFP-labeled neurons in freely moving *** believe that the combined ultrafast speed and large 3D SBP offered by EventLFM may open up new possibilities across many biomedical applications.

关键词： field linking overcome

Irisin/BDNF signaling in the muscle-brain axis and circadian system: A review

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The Journal of biomedical Research 2024年第1期38卷 1-16页

作者： Alexey N.Inyushkin Vitalii S.Poletaev Elena M.Inyushkina Igor S.Kalberdin Andrey A.Inyushkin department of Human&Animal physiology Samara National Research UniversitySamara 443011Russia.

In mammals,the timing of physiological,biochemical and behavioral processes over a 24-h period is controlled by circadian *** entrain the master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus to a precise 24-h rhythm,environmental zeitgebers are used by the circadian *** is done primarily by signals from the retina via the retinohypothalamic tract,but other cues like exercise,feeding,temperature,anxiety,and social events have also been shown to act as non-photic *** recently identified myokine irisin is proposed to serve as an entraining non-photic signal of *** is a product of cleavage and modification from its precursor membrane fibronectin typeⅢdomain-containing protein 5(FNDC5)in response to *** from well-known peripheral effects,such as inducing the"browning"of white adipocytes,irisin can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and display the effects on the *** data suggest that FNDC5/irisin mediates the positive effects of physical activity on brain *** several brain areas,irisin induces the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).In the master clock,a significant role in gating photic stimuli in the retinohypothalamic synapse for BDNF is ***,the brain receptor for irisin remains *** the current review,the interactions of physical activity and the irisin/BDNF axis with the circadian system are reconceptualized.

关键词： irisin brain-derived neurotrophic factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator 1α circadian rhythm circadian system muscle-brain axis

SUV39H1-driven NFATc1 methylation is essential for the c-Cbl-mediated degradation of NFATc1 in an osteoclast lineage

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 86-89页

作者： Do-Won Jeong Hye-Jin Kim Jong-Wan Park Seulbee Lee Hyeryeon Jung Eugene C.Yi Nacksung Kime Yang-Sook Chun department of biomedical Sciences Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul 03080Republic of Korea department of physiology Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul 03080Republic of Korea Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul 03080Republic of Korea department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine Or College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoul 03080Republic of Korea department of Pharmacology Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangju 61469Republic of Korea

Bone undergoes continuous remodeling by tightly-coordinated actions of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and boneforming osteoblasts.1 Recent studies document that the dysregulation of histone methylation profiles is associated with the progression of ***,the specific epigenetic modifiers are incompletely *** this study,we demonstrate an inhibitory role of a variegation 3-9 homolog 1(SUV39H1)in osteoclast formation.

关键词： osteoclast remodeling incomplete

Reactive oxygen species promote endurance exercise-induced adaptations in skeletal muscles

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 780-792页

作者： Scott K.Powers Zsolt Radak Li Li Ji Malcolm Jackson department of Applied physiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32608USA Research Institute of Sport Science Hungarian University of Sport ScienceBudapest 1123Hungary department of kinesiology University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55455USA department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science Institute of Life Course and Medical SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpool L78TXUK

The discovery that contracting skeletal muscle generates reactive oxygen species(ROS)was first reported over 40 years *** prevailing view in the 1980s was that exercise-induced ROS production promotes oxidation of proteins and lipids resulting in muscle ***,a paradigm shift occurred in the 1990s as growing research revealed that ROS are signaling molecules,capable of activating transcriptional activators/coactivators and promoting exercise-induced muscle *** evidence supports the notion that reduction-oxidation(redox)signaling pathways play an important role in the muscle remodeling that occurs in response to endurance exercise *** review examines the specific role that redox signaling plays in this endurance exercise-induced skeletal muscle *** begin with a discussion of the primary sites of ROS production in contracting muscle fibers followed by a summary of the antioxidant enzymes involved in the regulation of ROS levels in the *** then discuss which redox-sensitive signaling pathways promote endurance exercise-induced muscle adaptation and debate the strength of the evidence supporting the notion that redox signaling plays an essential role in muscle adaptation to endurance exercise *** hopes of stimulating future research,we highlight several important unanswered questions in this field.

关键词： Antioxidants Mitochondrial biogenesis Radicals Redox signaling

The Impact of Opioid Drugs on Memory and Other Cognitive Functions: A Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第4期12卷 264-287页

作者： Mason T. Bennett Yuliya Modna Dev Kumar Shah School of biomedical Sciences Trinity Medical Sciences University Kingstown Saint Vincent and Grenadines department of physiology Trinity Medical Sciences University Kingstown Saint Vincent and Grenadines

Background and Purpose: Opioids, used for centuries to alleviate pain, have become a double-edged sword. While effective, they come with a host of adverse effects, including memory and cognition impairment. This review delves into the impact of opioid drugs on cognitive functions, explores underlying mechanisms, and investigates their prevalence in both medical care and illicit drug use. The ultimate goal is to find ways to mitigate their potential harm and address the ongoing opioid crisis. Methods: We sourced data from PubMed and Google Scholar, employing search combinations like “opioids,” “memory,” “cognition,” “amnesia,” “cognitive function,” “executive function,” and “inhibition.” Our focus was on English-language articles spanning from the inception of these databases up to the present. Results: The literature consistently reveals that opioid use, particularly at high doses, adversely affects memory and other cognitive functions. Longer deliberation times, impaired decision-making, impulsivity, and behavioral disorders are common consequences. Chronic high-dose opioid use is associated with conditions such as amnesiac syndrome (OAS), post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), depression, anxiety, sedation, and addiction. Alarming trends show increased opioid use over recent decades, amplifying the risk of these outcomes. Conclusion: Opioids cast a shadow over memory and cognitive function. These effects range from amnesiac effects, lessened cognitive function, depression, and more. Contributing factors include over-prescription, misuse, misinformation, and prohibition policies. Focusing on correct informational campaigns, removing punitive policies, and focusing on harm reduction strategies have been shown to lessen the abuse and use of opioids and thus helping to mitigate the adverse effects of these drugs. Further research into the impacts of opioids on cognitive abilities is also needed as they are well demonstrated in

关键词： Opioids Memory Cognition Pain

Calcium/calcimimetic via calcium-sensing receptor ameliorates cholera toxin-induced secretory diarrhea in mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第3期30卷 268-279页

作者： Lie-Qi Tang Johnathan Fraebel Shi Jin Steven P Winesett Jane Harrell Wen-Han Chang Sam Xianjun Cheng department of Pediatrics University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610United States College of Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610United States Applied physiology and kinesiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610United States Brain Rehabilitation Research Center Malcom Randall VA Medical CenterGainesvilleFL 32610United States department of Medicine Endocrine Research UnitVeterans Affairs Medical CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94121United States department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionUniversity of Florida Shands Children’s HospitalGainesvilleFL 32608United States

BACKGROUND Enterotoxins produce diarrhea through direct epithelial action and indirectly by activating the enteric nervous ***-sensing receptor(CaSR)inhibits both *** latter has been well documented in vitro but not in *** hypothesis to be tested was that activating CaSR inhibits diarrhea in *** To determine whether CaSR agonists ameliorate secretory diarrhea evoked by cholera toxin(CTX)in *** CTX was given orally to C57BL/6 mice to induce *** and calci-mimetic R568 were used to activate *** maximize their local intestinal actions,calcium was administered luminally via oral rehydration solution(ORS),whereas R568 was applied serosally using an intraperitoneal *** verify that their actions resulted from the intestine,effects were also examined on Cre-lox intestine-specific CaSR *** outcome was measured biochemically by monitoring changes in fecal Cl-or clinically by assessing stool consistency and weight *** CTX induced secretory diarrhea,as evidenced by increases in fecal Cl-,stool consistency,and weight loss following CTX exposure,but did not alter CaSR,neither in content nor in ***,calcium and R568 were each able to ameliorate diarrhea when applied to diseased *** CaSR involvement is suggested by gene knockout experiments where the anti-diarrheal actions of R568 were lost in intestinal epithelial CaSR knockouts(villinCre/Casrflox/flox)and neuronal CaSR knockouts(nestinCre/Casrflox/flox).CONCLUSION Treatment of acute secretory diarrheas remains a global *** advances in diarrhea research,few have been made in the realm of diarrhea *** therapy has remained the standard of care,although it does not halt the losses of intestinal fluid and ions caused by *** is no cost-effective therapeutic for *** and other studies suggest that adding calcium to ORS or using calcimimetics to activate intestinal CaSR might

关键词： Cholera Enteric nervous system Secretory diarrhea Oral rehydration solution Calcium-sensing receptor Gene knockout

Twisted fiber microfluidics:a cutting-edge approach to 3D spiral devices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 193-202页

作者： Shunsuke Kato Daniel W.Carlson Amy Q.Shen Yuanyuan Guo department of Electrical Information and Physics EngineeringSchool of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAoba-kuSendai 980-8579 MiyagiJapan Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and TechnologyOnnaKunigami-gun 904-0495 OkinawaJapan Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences(FRIS) Tohoku UniversityAoba-kuSendai 980-0845 MiyagiJapan Graduate School of biomedical Engineering Tohoku UniversityAoba-kuSendai 980-8579 MiyagiJapan department of physiology Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversityAoba-kuSendai 980-8575 MiyagiJapan

The development of 3D spiral microfluidics has opened new avenues for leveraging inertial focusing to analyze small fluid volumes,thereby advancing research across chemical,physical,and biological *** traditional straight microchannels rely solely on inertial lift forces,the novel spiral geometry generates Dean drag forces,eliminating the necessity for external fields in fluid ***,fabricating 3D spiral microfluidics remains a labor-intensive and costly endeavor,hindering its widespread ***,conventional lithographic methods primarily yield 2D planar devices,thereby limiting the selection of materials and geometrical *** address these challenges,this work introduces a streamlined fabrication method for 3D spiral microfluidic devices,employing rotational force within a miniaturized thermal drawing process,termed as *** innovation allows for rapid prototyping of twisted fiber-based microfluidics featuring versatility in material selection and heightened geometric *** validate the performance of these devices,we combined computational modeling with microtomographic particle image velocimetry(uTPiM)to comprehensively characterize the 3D flow *** results corroborate the presence of a steady secondary flow,underscoring the effectiveness of our *** 3D spiral microfluidics platform paves the way for exploring intricate microflow dynamics,with promising applications in areas such as drug delivery,diagnostics,and lab-on-a-chip systems.

关键词： thereby straight twisted