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animal Nutrition 2017年第4期3卷 353-358页

作者： Kolawole Aluko Deepak E.Velayudhan Ehsan Khafipour Lin Fang Martin Nyachoti Department of animal Science University of Manitoba Zyme Fast System inc.

The aim was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of spay-dried whole egg containing antiF4 antibodies(SDWE) against recombinantly produced F4 antigens in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88^+(ETEC)-challenged piglets. Twenty-seven 21-d-old and individually housed piglets were randomly allotted to 3 treatments consisting of a wheat-soybean meal basal diet containing either 0(control egg powder; CEP), 0.1%(SDWE1) or 0.4%(SDWE2) SDWE. After a 7-d adaptation period, blood samples were collected from all pigs,and pigs were weighed and orally challenged with an ETEC inoculum. Blood was sampled at 24 and 48 h post-challenge, and diarrhea inc.dences and scores were recorded. On d 14, all pigs were weighed and then euthanized to obtain intestinal tissue samples for histomorphology measurement. During the pre-challenge period, pigs fed the SDWE showed a linear improvement(P inc.dences and scores, fecal shedding of ETEC, plasma urea nitrogen content and intestinal histo morphology were similar among *** results show that 0.4% SDWE supported greater piglet performance before challenge although such benefits were not evident during the post-challenge period at either 0.1% or 0.4% supplementation.

关键词： ETEC Chicken egg anti-F4 antibodies Recombinant F4 antigens Pigs Diarrhea inc.dences Growth performance

Growth performance,gastrointestinal weight,microbial metabolites and apparent retention of components in broiler chickens fed up to 11%rice bran in a corn-soybean meal diet without or with a multi-enzyme supplement

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animal Nutrition 2019年第1期5卷 41-48页

作者： Juan Sanchez Aizwarya Thanabalan Tanka Khanal Rob Patterson Bogdan A.Slominski Elijah Kiarie Department of animal Biosciences University of Guelph Canadian Bio-Systems inc. Department of animal Science University of Manitoba

We investigated the effects of adding up to 11% rice bran(RB) in corn-soybean meal diets fed to broiler chickens without or with a multi-enzyme supplement(MES). The MES supplied xylanase, b-glucanase invertase, protease, cellulase, a-amylase and mannanase with targeted activity of 2,500, 300, 700, 10,0001,200, 24,000, and 20 U/kg of feed, respectively. The study used a two-phase feeding program(starter d 0 to 24; finisher, d 25 to 35) with RB added at 5% and 11%, respectively creating 4 diets in each phase Diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous and contained phytase(500 FTU/kg) and TiO_2 as a digestibility marker. Three hundred and sixty d-old male Ross 708 broiler chicks were placed in cages based on BW(15 birds/cage) and allocated to 4 diets(n = 6). Birds had free access to feed and water. Body weight and feed intake were recorded. Excreta samples were collected 3 d prior to the end of each phase for apparent retention(AR) of components. Samples of birds were sacrificed on d 24 and 35 for gut weight and ceca digesta for organic acid content. There was no interaction(P > 0.10) between RB and MES on BWG and FCR in starter or finisher phase. In finisher phase, birds fed MES had better BWG(961 versus 858 g) and FCR(1.69 versus 1.86) than birds fed non-MES diets(P inc.eased gizzard weight and reduced final BW whereas MES improved growth and energy utilization.

关键词： Broiler chickens Growth performance Gut weight Microbial activity Multi-enzyme supplement Rice bran

Traditional and emerging Fusarium mycotoxins disrupt homeostasis of bovine mammary cells by altering cell permeability and innate immune function

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animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 388-397页

作者： Ran Xu Umesh K.Shandilya Alexandros Yiannikouris Niel A.Karrow Department of animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada Alltech inc. Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal NutritionNicholasvilleKY 40356USA

High inc.dence of traditional and emerging Fusarium mycotoxins in cereal grains and silages can be a potential threat to feed safety and *** biodegradation of Fusarium mycotoxins by rumen microflora following ingestion of mycotoxin-contaminated feeds can lead to their circulatory transport to target tissues such as mammary *** bovine udder plays a pivotal role in maintaining milk yield and composition,thus,human ***,toxic effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on bovine mammary gland are rarely *** this study,the bovine mammary epithelial cell line was used as an in-vitro model of bovine mammary epithelium to investigate effects of deoxynivalenol(DON),enniatin B(ENB)and beauvericin(BEA)on bovine mammary gland *** indicated that exposure to DON,ENB and BEA for 48 h significantly decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner(Pinc.eased expression of occludin(Pinc.eased expression of cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6)(P<0.001),tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-a)(P<0.05)and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)(P<0.01).BEA significantly upregulated IL-6(P<0.001)and TGF-β(P=0.01),but downregulated TNF-α(P<0.001).These results suggest that DON,ENB and BEA can disrupt mammary gland homeostasis by inducing cell death as well as altering its paracellular permeability and expres

关键词： Fusarium mycotoxin Invitro cell culture Bovine mammary epithelial cells Epithelial paracellular permeability Innate immunity

Essential oils as alternatives to antibiotics in swine production

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animal Nutrition 2018年第2期4卷 126-136页

作者： Faith A.Omonijo Liju Ni Joshua Gong Qi Wang Ludovic Lahaye Chengbo Yang Department of animal Science University of Manitoba Shanghai Lab-animal Research Center Guelph Food Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Jefo Nutrition inc.

This review article summarizes the efficacy, feasibility and potential mechanisms of the application of essential oils as antibiotic alternatives in swine *** there are numerous studies demonstrating that essential oils have several properties, such as antimicrobial, antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects, feed palatability enhancement and improvement in gut growth and health, there is still a need of further investigations to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their *** the past,the results has been inc.nsistent in both laboratory and field studies because of the varied product compositions, dosages, purities and growing stages and conditions of *** minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of essential oils needed for killing enteric pathogens may not ensure the optimal feed intake and the essential oils inc.usion cost may be too high in swine *** the lipophilic and volatile nature of essential oils, there is a challenge in effective delivery of essential oils within pig gut and this challenge can partially be resolved by microencapsulation and *** effects of essential oils on inflammation, oxidative stress, microbiome, gut chemosensing and bacterial quorum sensing(QS) have led to better production performance of animals fed essential oils in a number of *** has been demonstrated that essential oils have good potential as antibiotic alternatives in feeds for swine *** combination of different essential oils and other compounds(synergistic effect) such as organic acids seems to be a promising approach to improve the efficacy and safety of essential oils in ***-throughput systems technologies have been developed recently,which will allow us to dissect the mechanisms underlying the functions of essential oils and facilitate the use of essential oils in swine production.

关键词： Essential oils Organic acids Medium chain fatty acids Inflammation Oxidative stress Pigs

Dose-response effects of in-feed antibiotics on growth performance and nutrient utilization in weaned pigs fed diets supplemented with yeast-based nucleotides

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animal Nutrition 2015年第3期1卷 166-169页

作者： Samuel M.Waititu Jung M.Heo Rob Patterson Charles M.Nyachoti Department of animal Science University of Manitoba Department of animal Science and Biotechnology Chungnam National University Canadian Bio-systems inc.

Dietary nucleotides are bioactive compounds with the potential to mitigate weaning-associated challenges in piglets. An experiment was conducted to determine the interaction effect of antimicrobial growth promoters(AGP) and a nucleotide-rich yeast extract(NRYE) on growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD) of dry matter(DM), crude protein(CP) and gross energy(GE),and to establish whether NRYE supplementation may completely or partially replace AGP in diets for weaned pigs. In phase 1 and 2, corn, wheat, canola meal and soybean meal based diets, which were formulated to contain 0.0 or 0.1% NRYE with 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% of the recommended AGP dosage, were fed to 108 twenty-one day old piglets(initial body weight 7.11 ± 0.9 kg; mean ±SD) from d 1 to 14 and15 to 28, respectively. Overall, inc.easing AGP level in NRYE supplemented diets linearly decreased average daily gain(ADG)(P = 0.002) and gain-to-feed ratio(G:F)(P = 0.007); and quadratically decreased ATTD of DM(P = 0.001), CP(P =0.003) and G:F(P = 0.017) during phase 2. Compared with control and pigs fed NRYE with 100% of recommended AGP dosage, pigs fed 0.1% NRYE without AGP had greater(P inc.easing dietary AGP dosage.

关键词： Antimicrobial growth promoters Digestibility Growth performance Piglet Nucleotide-rich yeast extract

Nutritional impact of mycotoxins in food animal production and strategies for mitigation

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1591-1609页

作者： Ran Xu Elijah G.Kiarie Alexandros Yiannikouris Lvhui Sun Niel A.Karrow Department of animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada Alltech inc. Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition3031 Catnip HillRoadNicholasvilleKY 40356USA Hubei Hongshan Laboratory College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina.

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that are commonly detected as natural contaminants in agricultural commodities *** exposure can lead to mycotoxicosis in both animals and humans when found in animal feeds and food products,and at lower concentrations can affect animal performance by disrupting nutrient digestion,absorption,metabolism,and animal ***,mycotoxin contamination of animal feeds represents a significant issue to the livestock industry and is a health threat to food *** prevention of mycotoxin formation is difficult to undertake to avoid contamination,mitigation strategies are *** review explores how the mycotoxins aflatoxins,deoxynivalenol,zearalenone,fumonisins and ochratoxin A impose nutritional and metabolic effects on food animals and summarizes mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of mycotoxicity.

关键词： Food animals Mitigation strategies Mycotoxins Nutritional impact Risk management Susceptibility differences

Sow performance in response to natural betaine fed during lactation and post-weaning during summer and non-summer months

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 1061-1072页

作者： S.M.Mendoza R.D.Boyd J.Remus P.Wilcock G.E.Martinez E.van Heugten Department of animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA The Hanor Company inc. FranklinKY 42134USA DuPont animal Nutrition WilmingtonDE 19803USA. AB Vista MarlboroughUK.

Background: Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary natural betaine on sow reproductive performance during summer(Exp. 1) and non-summer months(Exp. 2). Treatments were designed as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with factors inc.uding dietary betaine(0 or 0.2%) and period of supplementation(lactation or post-weaning until 35 days post-insemination). In Exp. 1, 322 and 327 sows and in Exp. 2, 300 and 327 sows representing young(parity 1 and 2) and mature(parity 3 to 6) sows, respectively, were ***: In Exp. 1, supplementation of betaine during lactation inc.eased sow body weight losses(-11.95 vs.-14.63 kg;P = 0.024), reduced feed intake(4.12 vs. 4.28 kg/d;P = 0.052), and tended to reduce percentage of no-value pigs(P = 0.071). Betaine fed post-weaning reduced weaning-to-estrus interval(5.75 vs. 6.68 days;P = 0.054) and farrowing rate(86.74% vs. 91.36%;P = 0.060), regardless of parity group. Post-hoc analysis with sows clustered into 3 parity groups(1, 2 and 3, and 4+) indicated that betaine fed in lactation to parity 4+ sows(P = 0.026) and betaine fed post-weaning to parity 1 sows inc.eased the number of pigs born in the subsequent cycle(P ≤ 0.05). In Exp. 2, betaine fed during lactation tended to reduce the weaning-to-estrus interval(6.64 vs. 7.50 days;P = 0.077) and farrowing rate(88.23% vs.83.54%;P = 0.089), regardless of parity group. Feeding betaine post-weaning reduced number of pigs born(13.00 vs.13.64;P = 0.04) and pigs born alive(12.30 vs. 12.82;P = 0.075), regardless of parity ***: Using 0.2% betaine during the non-summer months did not benefit sow performance. During the summer, betaine supplementation in lactation inc.eased subsequent litter size in parity 4+ sows. Betaine fed during the post-weaning period reduced the wean-to-estrus interval and farrowing rate, inc.eased total number of pigs born for parity 1 sows and reduced total number of pigs born to parity 4+ sows. Further research is needed to determine if

关键词： Betaine Lactation Post-weaning Reproduction Sows

Effects of essential oils on economically important characteristics of ruminant species:A comprehensive review

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 1-10页

作者： Cara Wessels Wells MicroBios Inc.HoustonUnited States

Essential oils derived from plants can provide biological impacts to livestock *** studies researching essential oils in livestock have investigated various essential oils for prevention and treatment of microbial infection and parasites as well as to enhance milk production,animal performance and rumen *** the availability of several commercial products containing essential oils to promote animal health and production,the vast amount of essential oils,modes of application,and effective concentrations of the essential oils suggest there are more opportunities for essential oils to be utilized in commercial livestock production and veterinary *** objective of this review is to contribute to the understanding of the value that essential oils can provide to the ruminant diet and to examine the biological impact of various essential oils on economically important production traits of ruminant species.

关键词： Essential oils Ruminant diet Non-antibiotic therapy

Escherichia coli challenge and one type of smectite alter intestinal barrier of pigs

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第2期5卷 173-180页

作者： Juliana Abranches Soares Almeida Yanhong Liu Minho Song Jeong Jae Lee H Rex Gaskins Carol Wolfgang Maddox Orlando Osuna James Eugene Pettigrew Department of animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbana 61801USA Department of animal Science and Biotechnology Chungnam National UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea Department of Pathobiology University of IllinoisUrbana 61801 USA Milwhite Inc.BrownsvilleTXUSA

An experiment was conducted to determine how an E. coil challenge and dietary clays affect the intestinal barrier of pigs. Two groups of 32 pigs （initial BW： 6.9 ± 1.0 kg） were distributed in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of a randomized complete block design （2 challenge treatments： sham or E. coil, and 4 dietary treatments： control, 0.3% smectite A, 0.3% smectite B and 0.3% zeolite）, with 8 replicates total. Diarrhea score, growth performance, goblet cell size and number, bacterial translocation from intestinal lumen to lymph nodes, intestinal morphology, and relative amounts of sulfo and sialo mucins were measured. The E. coli challenge reduced performance, inc.eased goblet cell size and number in the ileum, inc.eased bacterial translocation from the intestinal lumen to the lymph nodes, and inc.eased ileal crypt depth. One of the clays （smectite A） tended to inc.ease goblet cell size in ileum, which may indicate enhanced protection. In conclusion, E. coli infection degrades intestinal barrier integrity but smectite A may enhance it.

关键词： Barrier function E.coli Pigs Smectite Zeolite

Long-term,multidomain analyses to identify the breed and allelic effects in MSTN-edited pigs to overcome lameness and sustainably improve nutritional meat production

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第2期65卷 362-375页

作者： Ziyao Fan Zhiguo Liu Kui Xu Tianwen Wu Jinxue Ruan Xinmin Zheng Shideng Bao Yulian Mu Tad Sonstegard Kui Li State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Hubei Key Laboratory of animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding Hubei Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineHubei Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430064China Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicCleveland OH 44195USA Acceligen inc. Eagan MN 55121USA

Beef and mutton production has been aided by breeding to integrate allelic diversity for myostatin(MSTN),but a lack of diversity in the MSTN germplasm has limited similar advances in pig ***,insurmountable challenges with congenital lameness and a dearth of data about the impacts of feed conversion,reproduction,and meat quality in MSTN-edited pigs have also currently blocked ***,in a largest-to-date evaluation of multiple MSTN-edited pig populations,we demonstrated a practical alternative edit-site-based solution that overcomes the major production obstacle of hindlimb *** also provide long-term and multidomain datasets for multiple breeds that illustrate how MSTN-editing can sustainably inc.ease the yields of breed-specific lean meat and the levels of desirable lipids without deleteriously affecting feed-conversion rates or litter *** from establishing a new benchmark for the data scale and quality of genome-edited animal production,our study specifically illustrates how gene-editing site selection profoundly impacts the phenotypic outcomes in diverse genetic back-grounds.

关键词： MSTN-edited pigs multidomain evaluation genetic background editing strategy