Traditional and emerging Fusarium mycotoxins disrupt homeostasis of bovine mammary cells by altering cell permeability and innate immune function

作     者：Ran Xu Umesh K.Shandilya Alexandros Yiannikouris Niel A.Karrow Ran Xu;Umesh K.Shandilya;Alexandros Yiannikouris;Niel A.Karrow

作者机构：Department of Animal BiosciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada Alltech Inc.Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal NutritionNicholasvilleKY 40356USA 

出 版 物：《Animal Nutrition》 (动物营养（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2023年第12卷第1期

页      面：388-397页

核心收录：

学科分类：090502[农学-动物营养与饲料科学] 0905[农学-畜牧学] 09[农学] 

基　　金：The authors acknowledge the financial contributions from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Alltech(United States)to this study 

主　　题：Fusarium mycotoxin Invitro cell culture Bovine mammary epithelial cells Epithelial paracellular permeability Innate immunity 

摘      要：High incidence of traditional and emerging Fusarium mycotoxins in cereal grains and silages can be a potential threat to feed safety and *** biodegradation of Fusarium mycotoxins by rumen microflora following ingestion of mycotoxin-contaminated feeds can lead to their circulatory transport to target tissues such as mammary *** bovine udder plays a pivotal role in maintaining milk yield and composition,thus,human ***,toxic effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on bovine mammary gland are rarely *** this study,the bovine mammary epithelial cell line was used as an in-vitro model of bovine mammary epithelium to investigate effects of deoxynivalenol(DON),enniatin B(ENB)and beauvericin(BEA)on bovine mammary gland *** indicated that exposure to DON,ENB and BEA for 48 h significantly decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner(P0.001).Exposure to DON at 0.39μmol/L and BEA at 2.5μmol/L for 48 h also decreased paracellular flux of FITC-40 kDa dextran(P0.05),whereas none of the mycotoxins affected transepithelial electrical resistance after 48 h *** qPCR was performed for assessment of expression of gene coding tight junction(TJ)proteins,toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and cytokines after 4,24 and 48 h of ***,ENB and BEA significantly upregulated the TJ protein zonula occludens-1,whereas markedly downregulated claudin 3(P0.05).Exposure to DON at 1.35μmol/L for 4 h significantly increased expression of occludin(P0.01).DON,ENB and BEA significant downregulated TLR4(P0.05).In contrast,ENB markedly increased expression of cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6)(P0.001),tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-a)(P0.05)and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)(P0.01).BEA significantly upregulated IL-6(P0.001)and TGF-β(P=0.01),but downregulated TNF-α(P0.001).These results suggest that DON,ENB and BEA can disrupt mammary gland homeostasis by inducing cell death as well as altering its paracellular permeability and expres