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Adult neurogenesis:a real hope or a delusion?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 6-15页

作者： Ghulam Hussain Rabia Akram Haseeb Anwar Faiqa Sajid Tehreem Iman Hyung Soo Han Chand Raza jose-luis Gonzalez De Aguilar Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory(NGL) Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPunjabPakistan Department of Physiology School of MedicineClinical Omics InstituteKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea Department of Zoology Faculty of Chemistry and Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityLahorePakistan INSERM U1118Mécanismes Centraux et Péripheriques de la NeurodégénérescenceStrasbourgFranceUniversitéde StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance

Adult neurogenesis,the process of creating new neurons,involves the coordinated division,migration,and differentiation of neural stem cells.This process is restricted to neurogenic niches located in two distinct areas of the brain:the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle,where new neurons are generated and then migrate to the olfactory bulb.Neurogenesis has been thought to occur only during the embryonic and early postnatal stages and to decline with age due to a continuous depletion of neural stem cells.Interestingly,recent years have seen tremendous progress in our understanding of adult brain neurogenesis,bridging the knowledge gap between embryonic and adult neurogenesis.Here,we discuss the current status of adult brain neurogenesis in light of what we know about neural stem cells.In this notion,we talk about the importance of intra cellular signaling molecules in mobilizing endogenous neural stem cell prolife ration.Based on the current understanding,we can declare that these molecules play a role in targeting neurogenesis in the mature brain.However,to achieve this goal,we need to avoid the undesired proliferation of neural stem cells by controlling the necessary checkpoints,which can lead to tumorigenesis and prove to be a curse instead of a blessing or hope.

关键词： adult neurogenesis aging brain-derived neurotrophic factor dentate gyrus hippocampus neural stem cells neurotrophic factors Notch oxidative stress stem cells subgranular zone

Multi-omic study to unmask genes involved in prostate cancer development in amulti-case family

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Cancer Communications 2024年第3期44卷 443-447页

作者： Lucia Chica-Redecillas Sergio Cuenca-Lopez Eduardo Andres-Leon Laura Carmen Terron-Camero Blanca Cano-Gutierrez jose Manuel Cozar jose Antonio Lorente Fernando Vazquez-Alonso luis Javier Martinez-Gonzalez Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological ResearchPfizerUniversity of GranadaAndalusian Regional GovernmentPTS GranadaGranadaGranadaSpain Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology III and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of GranadaPTS GranadaGranadaGranadaSpain Bioinformatics Unit Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine“López-Neyra”Spanish National Research CouncilGranadaGranadaSpain Nursery Service.University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio GranadaGranadaSpain Urology Department University Hospital Virgen de las NievesGranadaGranadaSpain Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GranadaPTS GranadaGranadaGranadaSpain Ibs Biosanitary Research InstituteGranadaGranadaSpain

Dear Editor,Hereditary prostate cancer(PC)comprises 5%-10%of all PC cases.The increased risk of PC in menwith a family his-tory of the disease is well known and is commonly caused by germline mutations,leading to clinical guidelines men-tioning various genes for identifying high-risk individuals.However,the complex inheritance patterns involvingmul-tiple single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)make it a genetically heterogeneous disease,with genetic testing still in its early stages.

关键词： cancer clinical cases

Muscle strength deficits are associated with low bone mineral density in young pediatric cancer survivors:The iBoneFIT project

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 419-427页

作者： Andres Marmol-Perez jose J.Gil-Cosano Esther Ubago-Guisado Francisco J.Llorente-Cantarero Juan Francisco Pascual-Gázquez Kirsten K.Ness Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino Jonatan R.Ruiz luis Gracia-Marco Department of Physical Education and Sports Faculty of Sport SciencesSport and Health University Research Institute(iMUDS)University of GranadaGranada 18011Spain Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Communication and Education Loyola University AndalusiaSeville 41704Spain Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GranadaGranada 18012Spain Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba(IMIBIC) Cordoba 14004Spain CIBEROBN Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and NutritionCarlos III Health InstituteMadrid 28029Spain Department of Specific Didactics Faculty of EducationUniversity of CordobaCordoba 14071Spain Pediatric and adolescent hematology and oncology service Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery Clinical Management UnitVirgen de las Nieves University HospitalGranada 18014Spain Health and Social Research Center Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaCuenca 13001Spain

Background Pediatric cancer survivors are at increased risk of muscle weakness and low areal bone mineral density(aBMD).However,the prevalence of muscle strength deficits is not well documented,and the associations of muscle strength with aBMD are unknown in this population.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of upper-and lower-body muscle strength deficits and to examine the associations of upper-and lower-body muscle strength with age-,sex,and race-specific aBMD Z-scores at the total body,total hip,femoral neck,and lumbar spine.Methods This cross-sectional study included 116 pediatric cancer survivors(12.1±3.3 years old,mean±SD;42.2%female).Upper-and lower-body muscle strength were assessed by handgrip and standing long jump test,respectively.Dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry was used to measure aBMD(g/cm2).Associations between muscle strength and aBMD were evaluated in multivariable linear regression models.Logistic regression was used to evaluate the contribution of muscle strength(1-decile lower)to the odds of having low aBMD(Z-score≤1.0).All analyses were adjusted for time from treatment completion,radiotherapy exposure,and body mass index.Results More than one-half of survivors were within the 2 lowest deciles for upper-(56.9%)and lower-body muscle strength(60.0%)in comparison to age-and sex-specific reference values.Muscle strength deficits were associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all sites(B=0.133–0.258,p=0.001–0.032).Each 1-decile lower in upper-body muscle strength was associated with 30%–95%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at all sites.Each 1-decile lower in lower-body muscle strength was associated with 35%–70%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at total body,total hip,and femoral neck.Conclusion Muscle strength deficits are prevalent in young pediatric cancer survivors,and such deficits are associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all sites.These results suggest that interventions designed to improve muscle strength in this vulnerable population may have the added ben

关键词： Bone health Childhood cancer DXA Lean mass Resistance training

Association between Helicobacter pylori infection,mismatch repair,HER2 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第6期16卷 2487-2503页

作者： Carlos A Castaneda Miluska Castillo luis A Bernabe joselyn Sanchez Matteo Fassan Katherine Tello Ignacio Ivan Wistuba Ivan Chavez Passiuri Eloy Ruiz Juvenal Sanchez Fernando Barreda Daniel Valdivia Yaqueline Bazan Milagros Abad-Licham Claudio Mengoa Hugo Fuentes Paola Montenegro Ebert Poquioma Raul Alatrista Claudio J flores luis Taxa Faculty of Health Sciences Universidad Cientifica del SurLima 15038Peru GECO PERU Grupo de Estudios Clinicos Oncologicos del PeruLima 15038Peru Department of Research Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades NeoplasicasLima 15038Peru Faculty of Human Medicine Universidad Ricardo PalmaLima 15039Peru Department of Medicine Surgical Pathology&Cytopathology UnitUniversity of PaduaPadua 35121Italy Department of Translational Molecular Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Abdominal Surgery Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades NeoplasicasLima 15038Peru Department of Pathology Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades NeoplasicasLima 15038Peru Department of Medical Specialties Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades NeoplasicasLima 15038Peru Department of Pathology Instituto Regional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas del NorteTrujillo 13001Peru Faculty of Human Medicine Universidad Privada Antenor OrregoTrujillo 13008Peru Department of Surgery Instituto Regional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas del SurArequipa 04002Peru Department of Medical Oncology Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades NeoplasicasLima 15038Peru Department of Epidemiology Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades NeoplasicasLima 15038Peru Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional Oncosalud-AUNALima 15038Peru Faculty of Medicine Universidad San Martin de PorresLima 15008Peru

BACKGROUND The influence of Helicobacter-pylori(H.pylori)infection and the characteristics of gastric cancer(GC)on tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL)levels has not been extensively studied.Analysis of infiltrating-immune-cell subtypes as well as survival is necessary to obtain comprehensive information.AIM To determine the rates of deficient mismatch-repair(dMMR),HER2-status and H.pylori infection and their association with TIL levels in GC.METHODS Samples from 503 resected GC tumors were included and TIL levels were evaluated following the international-TILs-working-group recommendations with assessment of the intratumoral(IT),stromal(ST)and invasive-border(IB)compartments.The density of CD3,CD8 and CD163 immune cells,and dMMR and HER2-status were determined by immunohistochemistry(IHC).H.pylori infection was evaluated by routine histology and quantitative PCR(qPCR)in a subset of samples.RESULTS dMMR was found in 34.4%,HER2+in 5%and H.pylori-positive in 55.7%of samples.High IT-TIL was associated with grade-3(P=0.038),while ST-TIL with grade-1(P<0.001),intestinal-histology(P<0.001)and no-recurrence(P=0.003).dMMR was associated with high TIL levels in the ST(P=0.019)and IB(P=0.01)compartments,and STCD3(P=0.049)and ST-CD8(P=0.05)densities.HER2-was associated with high IT-CD8(P=0.009).H.pylorinegative was associated with high IT-TIL levels(P=0.009)when assessed by routine-histology,and with high TIL levels in the 3 compartments(P=0.002-0.047)and CD8 density in the IT and ST compartments(P=0.001)when assessed by qPCR.A longer overall survival was associated with low IT-CD163(P=0.003)and CD8/CD3(P=0.001 in IT and P=0.002 in ST)and high IT-CD3(P=0.021),ST-CD3(P=0.003)and CD3/CD163(P=0.002).CONCLUSION TIL levels were related to dMMR and H.pylori-negativity.Low CD8/CD3 and high CD163/CD3 were associated with lower recurrence and longer survival.

关键词： Lymphocytes Macrophages Gastric cancer Helicobacter pylori HER2 Mismatch repair

From liver to hormones:The endocrine consequences of cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1073-1095页

作者： Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave Elman Rolando Gamarra-Osorio María del Carmen Durand-Vásquez Luciana del Pilar Rafael-Robles Jhean Gabriel Gonzáles-Yovera María Alejandra Quispe-flores luis Alberto Concepción-Urteaga Alejandro Román-González José Paz-Ibarra Marcio José Concepción-Zavaleta Non-communicable Diseases Endocrinology Research LineHospital de Apoyo ChepénChepén 13871Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital Víctor Lazarte EchegarayTrujillo 13006Peru Department of Endocrinology Clínica Javier PradoLima 15046Peru Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara IrigoyénLima 15018Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital de Emergencias GrauLima 15001Peru Internal Medicine Hospital Regional Docente de TrujilloTrujillo 13011Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital Universitario de San Vicente FundaciónMedellin 050010Colombia Internal Medicine Universidad de AntioquiaMedellín 050010Colombia School of Medicine Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati MartinsLima 15072Peru Carrera de Medicina Humana Universidad Científica del SurLima 15067Peru

Hepatocrinology explores the intricate relationship between liver function and the endocrine system.Chronic liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis can cause endocrine disorders due to toxin accumulation and protein synthesis disruption.Despite its importance,assessing endocrine issues in cirrhotic patients is frequently neglected.This article provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiology,pathophysiology,diagnosis,and treatment of endocrine disturbances in liver cirrhosis.The review was conducted using the PubMed/Medline,EMBASE,and Scielo databases,encompassing 172 articles.Liver cirrhosis is associated with endocrine disturbances,including diabetes,hypoglycemia,sarcopenia,thyroid dysfunction,hypogonadotropic hypogonadism,bone disease,adrenal insufficiency,growth hormone dysfunction,and secondary hyperaldosteronism.The optimal tools for diagnosing diabetes and detecting hypoglycemia are the oral glucose tolerance test and continuous glucose monitoring system,respectively.Sarcopenia can be assessed through imaging and functional tests,while other endocrine disorders are evaluated using hormonal assays and imaging studies.Treatment options include metformin,glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs,sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors,and insulin,which are effective and safe for diabetes control.Established standards are followed for managing hypoglycemia,and hormone replacement therapy is often necessary for other endocrine dysfunctions.Liver transplantation can address some of these problems.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Hypoglycemia Thyroid diseases Hypogonadism Metabolic bone diseases Liver cirrhosis

A comprehensive review of genetic causes of obesity

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期20卷 26-39页

作者： Marcio jose Concepcion-Zavaleta Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave Maria del Carmen Durand-Vasquez Elman Rolando Gamarra-Osorio Juan del Carmen Valencia de la Cruz Claudia Mercedes Barrueto-Callirgos Susan Luciana Puelles-Leon Elena de Jesus Alvarado-Leon Frans Leiva-Cabrera Francisca Elena Zavaleta-Gutierrez luis Alberto Concepcion-Urteaga jose Paz-Ibarra Universidad Cientifica del Sur Bolivar 2150 AvenuePueblo Libre15084LimaPeru Division of Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepénChepenPeru Division of Family Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepénChepenPeru Division of Endocrinology Hospital Victor Lazarte EchegarayTrujilloPeru Division of Pediatrics Hospital de Apoyo ChepenChepenPeru Division of Internal Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepenChepenPeru Division of Genetics Universidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Division of Neonatology Hospital Belen de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Division of Internal Medicine Universidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Department of Medicine School of MedicineUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPeru

Background Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease with a high,increasing worldwide prevalence.Genetic causes account for 7%of the cases in children with extreme obesity.Data sources This narrative review was conducted by searching for papers published in the PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase and SciELO databases and included 161 articles.The search used the following search terms:"obesity","obesity and genetics","leptin","Prader-Willi syndrome",and"melanocortins".The types of studies included were systematic reviews,clinical trials,prospective cohort studies,cross-sectional and prospective studies,narrative reviews,and case reports.Results The leptin-melanocortin pathway is primarily responsible for the regulation of appetite and body weight.However,several important aspects of the pathophysiology of obesity remain unknown.Genetic causes of obesity can be grouped into syndromic,monogenic,and polygenic causes and should be assessed in children with extreme obesity before the age of 5 years,hyperphagia,or a family history of extreme obesity.A microarray study,an analysis of the melanocortin type 4 receptor gene mutations and leptin levels should be performed for this purpose.There are three therapeutic levels:lifestyle modifications,pharmacological treatment,and bariatric surgery.Conclusions Genetic study technologies are in constant development;however,we are still far from having a personalized approach to genetic causes of obesity.A significant proportion of the affected individuals are associated with genetic causes;however,there are still barriers to its approach,as it continues to be underdiagnosed.

关键词： Leptin Melanocortin Obesity Prader-Willi syndrome Precision medicine

Exploring Alternatives to Create Digital Twins from and for Process Simulation

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Journal of Computer Science Research 2024年第1期6卷 16-30页

作者： Jaime Barbero-Sánchez Alicia Megía-Ortega Víctor R.Ferro jose-luis Valverde Department of Chemical Engineering University of Castilla La ManchaAvda.Camilo JoséCela 12Ciudad Real13071Spain Department of Chemical Engineering Autonomous University of MadridCantoblancoMadrid28049Spain

In this work,Digital Twins based on Neural Networks for the steady state production of styrene were generated.Thus,both the Aspen Technology AI Model Builder(alternative 1)and a homemade MS Excel VBA code connected to Aspen HYSYS and Aspen Plus(alternative 2)were used with this same aim.The raw data used for generating the Digital Twins were obtained from process simulations using Aspen HYSYS and/or Aspen Plus,which were connected through a recycle-like stream via automation for solving the entire simulation flowsheet.Aspen HYSYS was used for solving the pre-heating,reaction,and stabilization sections of the process whereas Aspen Plus ensured the computing of the separation and purification columns.Both alternatives led to an excellent prediction showing the capability of creating Digital Twins from and for process simulation.

关键词： Digital Twin Aspen Hybrid Model Builder Aspen HYSYS Aspen Plus Automation MS Excel-VBA

Dengue Climate Variability in Rio de Janeiro City with Cross-Wavelet Transform

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2022年第3期13卷 261-276页

作者： Suellen Araujo Franco dos Santos Hugo Abi Karam Augusto José Pereira Filho Jú lio Cesar Barreto da Silva jose luis flores rojas Julio Migue Angeles Suazo Isela Leonor Vá squez Panduro Cesar Arturo Sanchez Peñ a Departamento de Meteorologia Instituto de Geoci&ecirc ncias Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brasil Departamento de Ciê ncias Atmosfé ricas Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ci&ecirc ncias Atmosfé ricas Universidade de S&atilde o Paulo (IAG-USP) S&atilde o Paulo Brasil Programa de Pós-Graduaç ã o em Ciê ncias Ambientais Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rio de Janeiro Brasil Instituto Geofísico do Peru (IGP) Lima Per&uacute Facultad de Ingeniería Forestal y Ambiental. Universidad Nacional Autó noma de Tayacaja Daniel Herná ndez Morillo (UNAT) Pampas Per&uacute Universidad Tecnoló gicadel Perú Faculdad de Engenier&iacute a Industrial Lima Per&uacute Centro de Previsã o do Tempo e Estudos Climá ticos Cachoeira Paulista Brasil Programa de Pó s-Graduaç ã o em Computaç ã o Aplicada Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) S&atilde o José dos Campos S&atilde o Paulo SP Brasil

Dengue is one of the most prominent tropical epidemic diseases present in the Rio de Janeiro city and Southeast part of Brazil, due to the widespread conditions of occurrence of the dengue vector, the mosquito Aedesaegypti, such as high-temperature days interlaced with afternoon or nocturnal rainstorms in summer. This work has the objective of investigating the relationships between variabilities of the El Ni?o-South Oscillation (ENSO) and greater epidemics of dengue in Rio de Janeiro city. To accomplish this goal, the analysis and signal decomposition by cross-wavelet transform (WT) was applied to obtain the cross variability associated with variations of power and phase of both signals by characteristic periods and along with the time series. Data considered in the analysis are (the decimal logarithm of normalized value) of the monthly available notifications of dengue worsening, provided by the public health system of Brazil, and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) Ni?o 3.4 data, provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), in the period 2000-2017. A maximum cross-wavelet power close to 0.45 was obtained for the representative period of 1 year and also to periods between 3 and 4 years, associated with the positive phase of the SOI index (i.e. , La Ni?a) or with a transition to the positive phase. The evolution of the combined variability of SOI and dengue can be expressed by progressive differences in phase along the time, eventually resulting in yielding phases (i.e., La Niña-Dengue epidemic).

关键词： Dengue Fever Cross-Wavelet Transform Analysis El Niño-Southern Oscillation Index

Highly divergent sympatric lineages of Leptotila verreauxi(Aves:Columbidae)suggest a secondary contact area in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec,Mexico

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 12-21页

作者： Orlando J.Espinosa-Chávez Adolfo G.Navarro-Sigüenza Hernando Rodríguez-Correa luis A.Sánchez-González Museo de Zoología“Alfonso L.Herrera” Depto.de Biología EvolutivaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoApdo.Postal 70-399CP 04510Ciudad de MexicoMexico Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas Unidad de PosgradoEdificio D1◦PisoCircuito de PosgradosCiudad UniversitariaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCoyoacanCP 04510CDMXMexico Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.Antigua Carretera a Patzcuaro No.8701 Col.Ex Hacienda de San Jose de la HuertaC.P.58190MoreliaMichoacanMexico

Due to a complex geological and biotic history,the Isthmus of Tehuantepec(IT),has been long recognized as a driver for the evolutionary divergence of numerous lowland and highland taxa.Widely distributed in the lowlands of the American continent,the White-Tipped Dove(Leptotila verreauxi)is a polytypic species with 13 recognized subspecies.Four of these have been recorded in Mexico,and the distribution of three abuts at the IT,suggesting a contact zone.To estimate phylogenetic patterns,divergence times and genetic differentiation,we examined two mt DNA(ND2 and COI)and one n DNA(β-fibint 7)markers.We also used correlative ecological niche models(ENM)to assess whether ecological differences across the IT may have acted as a biogeographical boundary.We estimated paleodistributions during the Middle Holocene,Last Glacial Maximum and Last Interglacial,to evaluate the influence of climate changes on the distribution and demographic changes.Our results showed genetically distinct lineages that diverged approximately 2.5 million years ago.Climatic and ecological factors may have played a dual role in promoting differentiation,but also in the formation of a secondary contact zone in the southern IT.Our ecological niche comparisons indicated that the ecological niche of sympatric lineages at the IT are not identical,suggesting niches divergence;in addition,environmental niche models across the region indicated no abrupt biogeographic barriers,but the presence of regions with low suitability.These results suggest that genetic differentiation originated by a vicariant event probably related to environmental factors,favored the evolution of different ecological niches.Also,the absence of a biogeographic barrier but the presence of less suitable areas in the contact regions,suggest that secondary contact zones may be also maintained by climatic factors for the eastern group,but also by biotic interactions for the western group.

关键词： Biogeographical boundary Humid and dry forests Isthmus of Tehuantepec Phylogeography Secondary contact