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Insecticide susceptibility status and resistance mechanism of Anopheles cracens Sallum and Peyton and Anopheles maculatus Theobald(Family: Culicidae) from knowlesi malaria endemic areas in Peninsular Malaysia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第2期12卷 79-86页

作者： Ahmad Rohani Abdul Rahman Aidil Azahary Ke-Xin Yu Mohamed Nor Zurainee Wan Mohamad Ali Wan Najdah Han Lim Lee Medical entomology unit Institute for Medical Research(Malaysia) Department of parasitology University of Malaya Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Management and Science University(Malaysia)

Objective: To assess the insecticide susceptibility status of Anopheles cracens(***) and Anopheles maculatus(***) from knowlesi malaria endemic areas in Peninsular Malaysia towards DDT, malathion and deltamethrin and to determine the resistance mechanism ***: Adult and larval mosquitos were collected for *** status of Anopheles was determined using the standard WHO adult bioassay, larval bioassay and biochemical enzyme ***: WHO adult bioassay results indicated *** collected from Kampung Sungai Ular, Pahang was resistant towards 4% DDT, while *** collected from Kampung Sokor, Kelantan and Kampung Sungai Lui, Selangor exhibited resistance towards 4% ***, the enzyme activity profiles varied according to strains and *** resistance ratio of larval bioassay, showed that all strains and species tested were susceptible to malathion and ***: Since only a few anopheline strains exhibited low level of insecticide resistance towards malathion, DDT and *** insecticides are still considered effective for vector control program towards *** and ***.

关键词： Insecticide susceptibility Vector control WHO adult bioassay Biochemical enzyme assay

Effect of diminazene aceturate,levamisole and vitamin C combination therapy in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014年第6期7卷 438-445页

作者： Adieme Ijeoma Chekwube Ezeh Ikenna Onyema Ugochukwu Emmanuel Ikenna Romanus Chukwuduruo Ezeokonkwo Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Nigeria Department of Veterinary parasitology and entomology University of Nigeria

Objective:To investigate the effect of diminazene aceturale(DA) alone or in combination with either levamisole and/or Vitamin C in albino rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei ***:Thirty adult male albino rats,randomly assigned into 6 groups(A—F) of 5rats each were *** were either infected with 1×10~a trypanosomes intraperitoneally(groups A-E) or uninfected(group F).The different groups were treated respectively as follows:group A-with 3.5 mg/kg DA;group B-3.5 mg/kg DA and 7.5 mg/kg levamisole;group C-3.S mg/kg DA and 100 mg/kg vitamin C;and group D-3.S mg/kg DA and 7.S mg/kg levamisole and 100 mg/kg vitamin *** E was left *** assessed include:rectal temperature,body weight changes,packed cell volume(PCV),Haemoglobin concentration(Hb),total leucocyte count(TLC) differential leucocyte count(DLC),parasitaemia,clinical signs and ***:Average pre-patent period of 5 days was *** in the blood were cleared in all treated groups(A-D) within 48 hours post treatment(PT).Untreated rats in group E died between25 and 32 days post infection(PI).Relapse was not recorded in all the treated groups(A-D).The initial reduction in PCV,Hb,TLC and increases in rectal temperature following infection were reversed by the *** rats that received drug combinations(groups B,C and D)showed faster and higher recovery rates than the uninfected control and group ***:Levamisole and/or Vitamin C combination with DA were more effective in the treatment of rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei.

关键词： Diminazene aceturate Levamisole Vitamin C Therapy Trypanosoma brucei brucei Rats

The genetic polymorphism of Plasmodium vivax genes in endemic regions of Thailand

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第12期4卷 931-936页

作者： Varakorn Kosaisavee Ian Hastings Alister Craig Usa Lek-Uthai Department of parasitology and entomology Faculty of Public HealthMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand Faculty of Graduate Studies Mahidol University.NakornpathomThailand Department of molecular and Biochemical parasitology.Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke PlaceLiverpoolUK

Objective:To investigate the genetic polymorphism of Plasmodium vivax(***) PvCSP and PvMSP1 genes from field isolates at four endemic regions(North,East,West and South) of ***:The 152 *** injected cases from dried blood spots were DMA extracted and confirmed by species-specific primer sets using multiplex PCR *** fragments F2 and F3:PvCSP were gcnotvped using RFLP-PCR ***:Totally amplified DNA which was multiple genotypes for PvMSP1 F2 and PvMSP1 F3 were 12.50%and 8.55%.respectively while PvCSP was 3.95%.The overall frequency of multiple genotypes was 25%.There were 12 allele tvpes of PvMSP1 F2 using AluI enzyme digestion and 8 size variations were found in P\MSP1 *** isolates from western region was highly genetic diverse when compare among all *** predominant variant type of PvCSP gene was \ K2I0 ***:The niulliple genotypes are common found in Thailand and it might hide the real *** does not have extensive genetic diversity in this *** marker due to multiple genotypes is difficult In be *** multiple genotypes findings might stem from population migration and vector species findings.

关键词： Genetic polymorphism Plasmodium vivax PvMSP1 PvCSP

Clinical and molecular features of human cystic echinococcosis in Tehran,Iran,2011-2019

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第12期15卷 558-567页

作者： Narges Amani Hamedani Majid Pirestani Abdolhossein Dalimi parasitology&entomology Department Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran

Objective:To evaluate the clinical and molecular features of human cystic echinococcosis in Tehran,***:In this cross-sectional study,all human cystic echinococcosis patients admitted to Tehran’s hospitals from 2011 to 2019 were enrolled,and demographic characteristics,clinical findings,and laboratory data were ***,paraffin-embedded and fresh tissue samples of 175 cystic echinococcosis patients were evaluated for molecular *** samples’isolated DNA was used to amplify cytochrome c oxidaseⅠand NADH dehydrogenase subunitⅠ***,the morphological features of fresh samples were ***:In total,175 patients with a mean age of 45(9-98)years were admitted to Tehran’s hospitals diagnosed with cystic ***,the highest(26.9%)and the lowest(2.9%)prevalence of cystic echinococcosis cases were in the 16-30 and 1-15 years range,***/female ratio was 0.96(49.1%vs.50.9%).The liver was affected in 92 patients(52.6%),and two or more organs were infected in 7 patients(4.0%).The cysts’diameter varied from 1 to 25 cm,and 96.0%of the patients had a single hydatid *** patients underwent radical surgery and the PAIR technique was applied for all *** significant difference was observed between the protoscolex hooks of pulmonary and hepatic cysts.G1-G3 had the highest percentage(99.4%)over other identified G6 genotypes(0.6%).Conclusions:The sheep-dog cycle plays an important role in transmitting the human cystic echinococcosis infection in Tehran.

关键词： Human cystic echinococcosis Clinical features Genotype Tehran

Larvicidal efficacies and chemical composition of essential oils of Pinus sylvestris and Syzygium aromaticum against mosquitoes

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第1期4卷 30-34页

作者： Kehinde Adenike Fayemiwo Monsuru Adebayo Adeleke Ovie Princewill Okoro Shola Hezekiah Awojide Ilias Olufemi Awoniyi Department of Chemical Sciences Osun State University Public Health entomology and parasitology unit Department of Biological SciencesOsun State University

Objective:To assess the chemical composition and mosquito larvicidal potentials of essential oils of locally sourced Pinus sylvestris(***)and Syzygium aromatkum(***)against Aedes aegypti(***)and Culex quinquefasciatus(***).Method:The chemical composition of the essential oils of both plants was determined using GCMS while the larvicidal bioassay was carried out using different concentrations of the oils against the larvae of *** and *** in accordance with the standard ***:The results as determined by GC-MS showed that oil of *** has eugenol(80.5%)as its principal constituent while *** has 3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol,.alpha.,.alpha.4-trimethyl(27.1%)as its dominant *** oils achieved over 85%larval mortality within24 *** larvae of *** were more susceptible to the oils[LC_(50)(***)=92.56 mg/L,LC_(50)(***)=100.39 mg/L]than ***[LC_(50)(***)=124.42 mg/L;LC_(50)(***)=128.00 mg/L].*** oil was more toxic to the mosquito larvae than oil of *** but the difference in lethal concentrations was insignificant(P>0.05).Condusioii:The results justify the larvicidal potentials of both essential oils and the need to incorporate them in vector management and control.

关键词： Essential oils Chemical analysis Larvicides Mosquitoes Pinus sylvestris Syzygium aromaticum

Insight into the possible mechanism of the summer diapause of Delia antiqua （Diptera： Anthomyiidae） through digital gene expression analysis

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Insect Science 2016年第3期23卷 438-451页

作者： You-Jin Hao Yu-Juan Zhang Feng-Ling Si Dan-Ying Fu Zheng-Bo He Bin Chen Institute of entomology and molecular Biology College of Life Sciences Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China

The onion fly, Delia antiqua, is a major underground agricultural pest that can enter pupal diapause in the summer and winter seasons. However, little is known about its molecular regulation due to the lack of genomic resources. To gain insight into the possible mechanism of summer diapause （SD）, high-throughput RNA-Seq data were generated from non-diapause （ND） and SD （initial, maintenance and quiescence phase） pupae. Three pair-wise comparisons were performed and identified, 1380, 1471 and 435, and were significantly regulated transcripts. Further analysis revealed that the enrichment of several functional terms related to juvenile hormone regulation, cell cycle, carbon hydrate and lipid metabolism, innate immune and stress responses, various signalling transductions, ubiquitin-dependent proteosome, and variation in cuticular and cytoskeleton components were found between ND and SD and between different phases of SD. Global characterization oftranscriptome profiling between SD and ND contributes to the in-depth elucidation of the molecular mechanism of SD. Our results also offer insights into the evolution of insect diapause and support the importance of using the onion fly as a model to compare the molecular regulation events of summer and winter diapauses.

关键词： Delia antiqua digital gene expression possible mechanism qPCR RNA-Seq summer diapause

The complete mitochondrial genome of Anopheles minimus （Diptera： Culicidae） and the phylogenetics of known Anopheles mitogenomes

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Insect Science 2016年第3期23卷 353-365页

作者： Ya-Qiong Hua Yi-Ran Ding Zhen-Tian Yan Feng-Ling Si Qian-Chun Luo Bin Chen Institute of entomology and molecular Biology College of Life Sciences Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China

Anopheles minimus is an important vector of human malaria in southern China and Southeast Asia. The phylogenetics of mosquitoes has not been well resolved, and the mitochondrial genome （mtgenome） has proven to be an important marker in the study of evolutionary biology. In this study, the complete mtgenome of An. minimus was sequenced for the first time. It is 15 395 bp long and encodes 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes （PCGs）, 22 transfer RNAs （tRNAs）, two ribosomal RNAs （rRNAs） and a non-coding region. The gene organization is consistent with those of known Anopheles mtgenomes. The mtgenome performs a clear bias in nucleotide composition with a positive AT-skew and a negative GC-skew. All 13 PCGs prefer to use the codon UUA （Leu）, ATN as initiation codon but cytochrome-oxidase subunit 1 （COI） and ND5, with TCG and GTG, and TAA as termination codon, but COI, COII, COIII and ND4, all with the incomplete T. tRNAs have the typical clover-leaf structure, but tRNAser^a~N） is consistent with known Anopheles mtgenomes. The control region includes a conserved T-stretch and a （TA）n stretch, and has the highest A＋T content at 93.1%. The phylogenetics of An. minimus with 18 other Anopheles species was constructed by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference, based on concatenated PCG sequences. The subgenera, Cellia and Anopheles, and Nyssorhynchus and Kerteszia have mutually close relationships, respectively. The Punctulatus group and Leueosphyrus group of Neomyzomyia Series, and the Albitarsis group of Albitarsis Series were suggested to be monophyletic. The monophyletic status of the subgenera, Cellia, Anopheles, Nyssorhynchus and Kerteszia need to be further elucidated.

关键词： Anopheles minimus Anopheles mitochondrial genome phylogeneticanalysis

Evaluation of PCR-ELISA as a tool for monitoring transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti in District of Gampaha,Sri Lanka

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第5期3卷 381-387页

作者： Asha Dilrukshi Wijegunawardana Nilmini Silva Gunawardane Chanditha Hapuarachchi Aresha Manamperi Kithsiri Gunawardena Wimaladharma Abeyewickrama molecular Medicine unit Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Kelaniya Environmental Authority Department of parasitology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Kelaniya

Objective:To compare Wuchereria bancrofti(***)infection rates of Culex quinquefasciatus,using dissection and PCR-EUSA in two consecutive time periods(from 2007to 2008 and from 2008 to 2009).Methods:Mosquitoes were collected in 30 sentinel and 15 nonsentinel sites in 15 Medical Officer of Health areas of Gampaha District known for the presence of *** transmission in two consecutive time period of 2007 to 2008 and 2008 to *** mosquitoes were dissected to determine the *** larvae(L_1 L_2,L_3,).PCR was carried out using DNA extracted from mosquito pools(15 body parts/pool)utilizing the primers specific for Wb-Sspl *** products were analyzed by hybridization ELISA using fluorescein-labeled wild type specific *** prevalence of infected/infective mosquiloes in PCR pools(3 pools/site)was estimated using the PoolSereen^(TM)algorithm and a novel probability—based ***:Of 45 batches of mosquitoes dissected,*** infected mosquitoes were found in19 and 13 batches,with an infection rate of 13.29%and 3.10%with mean larval density of 8.7 and1.0 larvae per mosquito for two study periods in the Gampaha *** of 405 pools of head,thorax and abdomen were processed by PCR-EUSA for each *** these,51 and 31 pools were positive for *** in the two study periods *** association of dissection based prevalence rates with PCR based rates as determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient were0.176 and 0.890 respectively for the two ***:Data indicate that PCR-EUSA is more sensitive than the traditional dissection techniques for monitoring transmission intensity.

关键词： Wuchereria bancrofti Culex quinquefasciatus Dissection PCR-ELISA Sri Lanka

Identification and analysis of a processed cytochrome P450 pseudogene of the disease vector Aedes aegypti

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第10期9卷 951-956页

作者： Fatma M.A.El-garj Mustafa F.F.Wajidi Silas W.Avicor molecular entomology Research Group School of Distance EducationUniversiti Sains Malaysia

Objective: To clone cytochrome P450 from Aedes aegypti(Ae. aegypti) and determine the characteristics using bioinformatics tools. Methods: Cytochrome P450 of Ae. aegypti was amplified using polymerase chain reaction, cloned and sequenced. Evolutionary relationship of the sequence was inferred and bioinformatics tools were used to predict subcellular localisation, signal peptide, transmembrane helix, phosphorylation, O-glycosylation, secondary and tertiary structures of the deduced protein. Results: Polymerase chain reaction rather amplified a cytochrome P450 pseudogene which was named CYP4H44P(Gen Bank accession number KF779932). The pseudogene has 1537 nucleotides and an open reading frame of 335 amino acids containing cytochrome P450 motifs except the Wxxx R motif. It is highly homologous to CYP4H28 and CYP4H28v2. Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary divergence showed strong clustering with CYP4H28 alleles and least divergence from the alleles respectively. The deduced protein was predicted to be found in the cytoplasm and likely to be phosphorylated but devoid of signal peptide, transmembrane helix and O-glycosylated sites. The secondary and tertiary structures were also generated. Conclusions: A cytochrome P450 pseudogene, CYP4H44 P was cloned from Ae. aegypti. The pseudogene is homologous with CYP4H28 alleles and seems to have recently diverged from this group. Isolating this pseudogene is an important step for evaluating its biological role in the mosquito and for the evolutionary analysis of Ae. aegypti CYPs.

关键词： Aedes aegypti Clone Cytochrome P450 pseudogene CYP4H44P Bioinformatics