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An Evaluation on the Ratio of Plant to animal Protein in the Diet of Juvenile Sea Cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus):Growth,Nutrient Digestibility and Nonspecific Immunity

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第6期17卷 1479-1486页

作者： BAO Pengyun LI Xiaoyu XU Yongping School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China School of Fisheries and Life Sciences Dalian Ocean UniversityDalian 116023China ministry of education center for food safety of animal origin Dalian 116620China Liaoning food safety of animal origin Innovation Team Dalian 116024China

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant/animal(P/A) protein ratios(viz.1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1:1,2:1, 3:1, 4:1) on growth performance, body composition, apparent digestibility of diets, and nonspecific immunity of juvenile sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus). Sea cucumbers were divided into 21 plastic tanks, and each tank was stocked with 15 individuals(initial weight: about 23.73 g). Each feed was allocated to three replicates of sea cucumbers. The feeding experiment lasted for 50 days. Results indicated that weight gain rate(WGR) and body wall weight(BWW) significantly increased as dietary ratio of P/A increased from 1:4 to 3:1, and then decreased significantly with further increase of this ratio(P 0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein and lipid increased with ratio of P/A increasing from 1:4 to 2:1(P < 0.05), and then decreased with further increase of this ratio. Correspondingly, activities of trypsin and amylase were significantly increased as P/A increased from 1:4 to 2:1(P < 0.05). The activities of SOD and CAT showed a similar trend with WGR, with the highest value observed in the ratio of 1:2 and 1:1, respectively. Results above showed that moderate or relatively higher ratio of P/A protein(1:1-3:1) significantly increased the growth performance, apparent digestibility, and nonspecific immunity of sea cucumber. This will contribute to improving the feed formulation for juvenile cucumbers.

关键词： Apostichopus japonicus plant protein animal protein growth digestibility nonspecific immunity

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Research Progress in the Application of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Aquaculture： A Review

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Engineering 2017年第5期3卷 731-737页

作者： Hongyu Pu Xiaoyu Li Qingbo Du Hao Cui Yongping Xu School of Life Sdences and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China College of Fisheries and Life Science Dalian Ocean University Dalian 116023 China ministry of education center for food safety of animal origin Dalian 116620 China Liaoning food safety of animal origin Innovation Team Dalian 116024 China

Due to increasing safety concerns regarding human consumption of fish products, an increasing number of medicinal chemicals are prohibited from use in aquaculture. As a result, Chinese herbal medicines are being increasingly used, coining the use of the term ＂green medicine.＂ Research shows that Chinese herbal medicines have many beneficial effects on fish, including growth promotion, enhancement of disease resistance, and improvement in meat quality. Many effective ingredients have been discovered in Chinese herbal medicines, which function to promote feed intake, improve meat flavor, and increase digestive enzyme activity. They also regulate and participate in processes that improve the specific and non-specific immunity of fish; however, the composition of Chinese herbal medicines is very complex and it is often difficult to identify the effective ingredients. This article reviews the latest research and application progress in Chinese herbal medicines regarding growth and feed utilization, immunity and disease resistance, and the meat quality of cultured fish. It also discusses research on the chemical constituents of classical Chinese medicinal herbs and problems with the application of Chinese herbal medicines in fish culture. This article concludes by proposing that future studies on Chinese herbal medicines should focus on how to cheaply refine and extract the effective ingredients in classical Chinese medicinal herbs, as well as how to use them efficiently in aquaculture.

关键词： Aquaculture Chinese herbal medicines Fish farming Research progress

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Effects of different loading rates and types of biochar on passivations of Cu and Zn via swine manure composting

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第6期12卷 1056-1070页

作者： CHEN Yan XU Yongping QU Fangjing HOU Fuqin CHEN Hongli LI Xiaoyu School of Bioengineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China ministry of education center for food safety of animal origin Dalian 116620China Xinjiang Western animal Husbandry Co. Ltd.Shihezi 832000China Xinjiang Tianshan Military Reclamation and animal Husbandry Co. Ltd.Shihezi 832000China

Pollution of arable land caused by heavy metals in livestock and poultry manure has become a potential threaten to human health in *** disposal of the contained toxic pollution with animal manure by co-composting with biochar is one of the alternative *** from different sources(wheat straw,peanut shells and rice husks)amended with different loading rates were investigated for passivations of copper and zinc(Cu and Zn)in swine manure *** showed that the passivation effects of the three types of biochar on Cu and Zn were enhanced with increasing biochar *** of Cu and Zn measured by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA)and Community Bureau of Reference(CBR)showed that wheat straw biochar with the loading rates of 10%–13%(w/w)was superior to the other two types of biochar in this *** with the control,sample from wheat straw biochar was more favorable for the bacterial growth of Proteobacteria,Firmicutes and *** addition,pot experiment showed that organic fertilizer amended with wheat straw biochar could significantly improve the growth of Chinese pakchoi and enzyme activities(superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,polyphenol oxidase and catalase)as compared with the *** and Zn contents of Chinese pakchoi in the organic fertilizer group containing wheat straw biochar reduced by 73.2%and 45.2%,65.8%and 33.6%,respectively,compared with the group without loading *** was no significant difference in the contents of vitamin C and reducing sugar between the groups of organic fertilizer amended with/without wheat straw biochar,however,there was significant difference compared with the heavy metal addition *** application of organic fertilizer formed by adding biochar can effectively reduce the adverse effects of heavy metals on crops.

关键词： biochar composting material heavy metal passivation dosage swine manure

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Bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents against major pathogens in swine： a review

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第1期7卷 50-56页

作者： Jiancheng Zhang Zhen Li Zhenhui Cao Lili Wang Xiaoyu Li Shuying Li Yongping Xu School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China ministry of education center for food safety of animal origin Dalian 116600China Faculty of animal Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201China Dalian SEM Bio-Engineering Technology Co.Ltd. Dalian 116620China

In recent years, the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria has become a global concern which has prompted research into the development of alternative disease control strategies for the swine industry. Bacteriophages （viruses that infect bacteria） offer the prospect of a sustainable alternative approach against bacterial pathogens with the flexibility of being applied therapeutically or for biological control purposes. This paper reviews the use of phages as an antimicrobial strategy for controlling critical pathogens including Salmonella and Eschefich[a coli with an emphasis on the application of phages for improving performance and nutrient digestibility in swine operations as well as in controlling zoonotic human diseases by reducing the bacterial load spread from pork products to humans through the meat,

关键词： Antibiotic resistance Bacteriophage food safety Phage therapy Swine

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Chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) as non-antibiotic production enhancers for use in swine production： a review

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第1期7卷 57-66页

作者： Xiaoyu Li Lili Wang Yuhong Zhent Shuying Li Yongping Xu School of Life Science and Technology Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China ministry of education center for food safety of animal origin Dalian 116620China Department of Pharmacy Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116044China Dalian SEM Bio-Engineering Technology Co.Ltd Dalian 116620China

In recent years, the use of in-feed antibiotics for growth and disease prevention in livestock production has been under severe scrutiny. The use and misuse of in-feed antibiotics has led to problems with drug residues in animal products and increased bacterial resistance. Chicken egg yolk antibodies （IgY） have attracted considerable attention as an alternative to antibiotics to maintain swine health and performance. Oral administration of IgY possesses many advantages over mammalian IgG such as cost-effectiveness, convenience and high yield. This review presents an overview of the potential to use IgY immunotherapy for the prevention and treatment of swine diarrhea diseases and speculates on the future of IgY technology. Included are a review of the potential applications of IgY in the control of enteric infections of either bacterial or viral origin such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil, Salmonella spp., rotavirus, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Some potential obstacles to the adoption of IgY technology are also discussed.

关键词： Diarrhea Disease control Egg yolk antibodies IgY Swine

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Phosphorylation of PB2 at serine 181 restricts viral replication and virulence of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第1期39卷 97-112页

作者： Jiao Hu Zixiong Zeng Xia Chen Manyu Zhang Zenglei Hu Min Gu Xiaoquan Wang Ruyi Gao Shunlin Hu Yu Chen Xiaowen Liu Daxin Peng Xiufan Liu animal Infectious Disease Laboratory School of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product safety The Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou University225009China Jiangsu Co-Innovation center for Prevention and Control of Important animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors(animal origin)for Agri-food safety and Quality Ministry of Agriculture of China(26116120)Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China

Influenza A virus(IAV)continues to pose a pandemic threat to public health,resulting a high mortality rate annually and during pandemic *** modification of viral protein plays a substantial role in regulating IAV ***,based on immunoprecipitation(IP)-based mass spectrometry(MS)and purified virus-coupled MS,a total of 89 phosphorylation sites distributed among 10 encoded viral proteins of IAV were identified,including 60 novel phosphorylation ***,for the first time,we provide evidence that PB2 can also be acetylated at site ***,the PB2 S181 phosphorylation site was consistently identified in both IP-based MS and purified virus-based *** S181 and K187 are exposed on the surface of the PB2 protein and are highly conserved in various IAV strains,suggesting their fundamental importance in the IAV life *** analysis results demonstrated that S181E/A and K187Q/R mimic mutations do not significantly alter the PB2 protein *** continuous phosphorylation mimicked by the PB2 S181E mutation substantially decreases viral fitness in mice,PB2 K187Q mimetic acetylation slightly enhances viral virulence in ***,PB2 S181E substantially impairs viral polymerase activity and viral replication,remarkably dampens protein stability and nuclear accumulation of PB2,and significantly weakens IAV-induced inflammatory ***,our study further enriches the database of phosphorylation and acetylation sites of influenza viral proteins,laying a foundation for subsequent mechanistic ***,the unraveled antiviral effect of PB2 S181E mimetic phosphorylation may provide a new target for the subsequent study of antiviral drugs.

关键词： H5N1 influenza virus PB2 Phosphorylation Acetylation Viral fitness Mice

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Hypoxia-mediated programmed cell death is involved in the formation of wooden breast in broilers

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1918-1931页

作者： Xinrui Zhang Tong Xing Lin Zhang Liang Zhao Feng Gao College of animal Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu ProvinceJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and ProcessingQuality and Safety ControlNanjing Agricultural UniversityNo.1 WeigangNanjingJiangsu 210095P.R.China

Background Wooden breast(WB)myopathy is a common myopathy found in commercial broiler chickens *** examination has revealed that WB myopathy is accompanied by damage to the pectoralis major(PM)***,the underlying mechanisms responsible for the formation of WB in broilers have not been fully *** study aimed to investigate the potential role of hypoxia-mediated programmed cell death(PCD)in the formation of WB *** Histological examination and biochemical analysis were performed on the PM muscle of the control(CON)and WB groups.A significantly increased thickness of the breast muscle in the top,middle,and bottom portions(P<0.01)was found along with pathological structure damage of myofibers in the WB *** number of capillaries per fiber in PM muscle,and the levels of p O_(2) and s O_(2) in the blood,were significantly decreased(P<0.01),while the levels of p CO_(2) and TCO_(2) in the blood were significantly increased(P<0.05),suggesting hypoxic conditions in the PM muscle of the WB *** further evaluated the PCD-related pathways including autophagy,apoptosis,and necroptosis to understand the consequence response to enhanced hypoxic conditions in the PM muscle of birds with *** ratio of LC3 II to LC3 I,and the autophagy-related factors HIF-1α,BNIP3,Beclin1,AMPKα,and ULK1 at the m RNA and protein levels,were all significantly upregulated(P<0.05),showing that autophagy occurred in the PM muscle of the WB *** apoptotic index,as well as the expressions of Bax,Cytc,caspase 9,and caspase 3,were significantly increased(P<0.05),whereas Bcl-2 was significantly decreased(P<0.05)in the WB-affected PM muscle,indicating the occurrence of apoptosis mediated by the mitochondrial ***,the expressions of necroptosis-related factors RIP1,RIP3,and MLKL,as well as NF-κB and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6,were all significantly enhanced(P<0.05)in the WB-affected PM *** T

关键词： Apoptosis Autophagy Broiler chicken Hypoxia Necroptosis Wooden breast

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Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Dipstick for On-Site Diagnosis of African Swine Fever Virus

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Virologica Sinica 2021年第2期36卷 325-328页

作者： Lei Zuo Zengxu Song Yi Zhang Xiwen Zhai Yaru Zhai Xueran Mei Xin Yang Hongning Wang College of Life Sciences Sichuan UniversityAnimal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceKey Laboratory of Bio-Resource and EcoEnvironment of Ministry of EducationChengdu 610064China Sichuan Provincial center for animal Disease Control and Prevention Chengdu 610064China

Dear Editor,African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important porcine infectious diseases and has caused huge economic losses worldwide (Teklue et al. 2020). African swine fever virus (ASFV), the causative agent of ASF, is a double stranded DNA virus with a genome about 170 to 194 kb in length, and encodes 150 to 167 open reading frames(ORFs). There are more than 50 proteins involved in the mature virions. Among these proteins, p72 encoded by B646L gene is the essential component in the formation of ASFV particles. The sequence of B646L gene is also usually used for the genotyping of ASFV, and there are 24B646L genotypes (Quembo et al. 2018).

关键词： Swine swine African

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Protective mechanism of quercetin compounds against acrylamide-induced hepatotoxicity

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food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第1期13卷 225-240页

作者： Linzi Li Xueying Lei Lin Chen Ya Ma Jun Luo Xuebo Liu Xinglian Xu Guanghong Zhou Xianchao Feng College of food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Synergetic Innovation center of food safety and Nutrition Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality ControlMinistry of EducationCollege of Food Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Quercetin compounds have antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and anticancer pharmacological *** exposure to acrylamide(AA)can cause liver injury and endanger human ***,whether quercetin compounds can attenuate AA-induced liver injury and the specific mechanism are not ***,we studied the mechanism and structure-activity relationship of quercetin compounds in reducing AA-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in *** vivo studies found that quercetin-like compounds protect against AAinduced liver injury by reducing oxidative stress levels,activating the Akt/m TOR signaling pathway to attenuate autophagy,and improving mitochondrial apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated *** vitro studies found that quercetin compounds protected Hep G2 cells from AA by attenuating the activation of AA-induced autophagy,lowering reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels by exerting antioxidant effects and thus attenuating oxidative stress,increasing mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),and improving apoptosis-related proteins,thus attenuating AA-induced ***,the conformational differences between quercetin compounds correlated with their protective capacity against AA-induced hepatotoxicity,with quercetin showing the best protective capacity due to its strongest antioxidant *** conclusion,quercetin compounds can protect against AA-induced liver injury through multiple pathways of oxidative stress,autophagy and apoptosis,and their protective capacity correlates with antioxidant activity.

关键词： Quercetin compounds Acrylamide Protection mechanism Oxidative stress Antioxidant activity

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Mitigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in roasted beef patties by cold plasma treatment and products quality evaluation

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food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第5期13卷 2993-3005页

作者： Yuke Hou Yangjian Hu Min Li Jiahui Nong Fengyuan Xie Yuhan Fan Jianhao Zhang Xianming Zeng Minyi Han Xinglian Xu Xia Wang Key Laboratory of animal Products Processing Ministry of AgricultureKey Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality ControlMinistry of EducationJiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Production and ProcessingCollege of Food Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 2100095China center for food and Drug safety Inspection of Maanshan Maanshan Administration for Market RegulationMaanshan 243000China Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain food Quality and safety Control Zhengzhou University of Light IndustryZhengzhou 450001China Collaborative Innovation center for Modern Grain Circulation and safety Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and ProcessingCollege of Food Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Finance and EconomicsNanjing 210023China

The cold plasma(CP)technique was applied to alleviate the contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)in this *** different CP treatments methods were implemented in the production of beef patties,to investigate their inhibition and degradation capacity on *** 5 different cooking oils and fats addition,the inhibition mechanism of in-package cold plasma(ICP)pretreatment was explored from the aspect of raw patties fatty acids composition *** results of principal component analysis showed that the first two principal components accounted for more than 80%of the total variation in the original data,indicating that the content of saturated fatty acids was significantly positively correlated with the formation of *** pretreatment inhibited the formation of PAHs by changing the composition of fatty acids,which showed that the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased and the total amount of monounsaturated fatty acids *** discrimination tests demonstrated there were discernable differences between 2 CP treated samples and the controls,utilization of the ICP pretreatment in meat products processing was expected to achieve satisfying eating *** conclusion,CP treatment degraded PAHs through stepwise ring-opening oxidation in 2 reported pathways,the toxicity of PAHs contaminated products was alleviated after CP treatment.

关键词： Roasted beef Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Cold plasma Mitigation mechanism Product quality evaluation

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