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Mechanism of action, benefits, and research gap in fermented soybean meal utilization as a high-quality protein source for livestock and poultry

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 130-146页

作者： Modinat T.Lambo Haokai Ma Haosheng Zhang Peng Song Hongxiang Mao Guowen Cui Baisheng Dai Yang Li Yonggen Zhang college of animal Science and technology Northeast Agricultural University Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co. Ltd college of Electrical Engineering and Information Northeast Agricultural University

animal nutritionists have incessantly worked towards providing livestock with high-quality plant protein feed *** meal (SBM) has been an essential and predominantly adopted vegetable protein source in livestock feeding for a long time;however,several SBM antinutrients could potentially impair the animal's performance and growth,limiting its *** processing methods have been employed to remove SBM antinutrients,including fermentation with fungal or bacterial *** to the literature,fermentation,a traditional food processing method,could improve SBM's nutritional and functional properties,making it more suitable and beneficial to *** current interest in health-promoting functional feed,which can enhance the growth of animals,improve their immune system,and promote physiological benefits more than conventional feed,coupled with the ban on the use of antimicrobial growth promoters,has caused a renewed interest in the use of fermented SBM (FSBM) in livestock *** review details the mechanism of SBM fermentation and its impacts on animal health and discusses the recent trend in the application and emerging advantages to livestock while shedding light on the research gap that needs to be critically addressed in future *** appears to be a multifunctional high-quality plant protein source for *** removing soybean antinutrients,beneficial bioactive peptides and digestive enzymes are produced during fermentation,providing probiotics,antioxidants,and immunomodulatory *** aspects regarding FSBM feeding to animals remain uncharted,such as the duration of fermentation,the influence of feeding on digestive tissue development,choice of microbial strain,and possible environmental impact.

关键词： Soybean meal Protein feed Fermentation Microorganism Livestock

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Microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum promotes intestinal development through gut colonization of layer chicks

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animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 1-16页

作者： Yaoming Cui Yanxia Liu Jing Yang Haitao Duan Peng Wang Linna Guo Yanjiao Guo Suying Li Yating Zhao Jinrong Wang Guanghai Qi Junjun Guan School of Biological Engineering Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhouHenan 450001China college of animal Science and technology Henan University of Animal Husbandry and EconomyZhengzhouHenan 450046China Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum in microencapsulation(LPM)on intestinal development in layer chicks were investigated in this study,as well as the colonization of *** in the gut.A total of 480 healthy Hy-Line Brown layer chicks at 0 d old were randomly divided into 4 groups(8 replicates each treatment),and the diets of these birds were supplemented with nothing(control),***(0.02 g/kg feed;109 CFU/kg feed),LPM(1.0 g/kg feed;109 CFU/kg feed)and wall material of LPM(WM;0.98 g/kg feed),*** to control,LPM improved growth performance and intestinal development of layer chicks,evidenced by significantly increased body weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake,villus height,villus height/crypt depth,as well as weight and length of the duodenum,jejunum and ileum(P<0.05).These results could be attributed to the increased colonization of *** in the gut,which was verified by significant increases in lactic acid content,viable counts in chyme and mucosa(P<0.05),as well as a visible rise in number of strains labeled with fluorescein ***,the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium significantly increased in response to microencapsulated *** supplementation(P<0.05),accompanied by the significant up-regulation of colonization related genes(P<0.05),encoding solute carrier family,monocarboxylate transporter,activin A receptor,succinate receptor and secretogranin *** sum up,microencapsulated *** supplementation promoted intestinal development,which could be attributed to the enhancement of *** colonization in the intestine through the mutual assistance of Bifidobacterium and interactions with colonization related transmembrane proteins.

关键词： Intestinal development Colonization Microbiota Layer chick Lactobacillus plantarum

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An Enterococcus faecalis isolate harboring both aerobic and anaerobic uric acid metabolic pathways alleviates hyperuricemia in mice

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Depeng Li Xinyue Yang A La Teng Zhu La Meihong Zhang Zhengtian Lü Yuqing Feng Dan Liu Yuming Guo Yongfei Hu State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feeding， college of animal Science and technology， China Agricultural University

Probiotics have been demonstrated to be effective and safe for hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout treatment. Hence， identifying microbes with high uric acid- or purine-metabolizing ability is highly important. Due to the high load of uric acid in chicken feces， we hypothesized that the chicken gut would be an excellent source for new uric acid or purine-metabolizing microbes. In this study， we examined chicken gut contents to isolate an Enterococcus faecalis strain (designated CML390) that displayed high uric acid-degrading ability. In vitro experiments indicated that E. faecalis CML390 could effectively metabolize uric acid under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions， and the richer the nutrients， the higher the rate of uric acid degradation. By integrating genomics， transcriptomics， and metabolomics analyses， we revealed two pathways involved in aerobic and anaerobic uric acid degradation， respectively， in this isolate. E. faecalis CML390 relies on oxygen to metabolize uric acid into substances such as allantoin under aerobic conditions， while it also harbors a conserved uric acid-inducible gene cluster for anaerobic uric acid metabolism. An in vivo experiment showed that gavage with live E. faecalis CML390 in a mouse model of HUA (established using a combination of uric acid and potassium oxonate) significantly reduced serum uric acid levels and alleviated HUA. Our findings contribute to the exploration of the pathways and mechanisms of uric acid metabolism in intestinal microorganisms and provide a candidate probiotic for the treatment of HUA and gout.

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Flavonoids from mulberry leaves inhibit fat production and improve fatty acid distribution in adipose tissue in finishing pigs

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 147-157页

作者： Yingying Liu Yinglin Peng Chen Chen Huibo Ren Ji Zhu Yuan Deng Qingming Cui Xionggui Hu Jianhua He Huali Li Xinghui Zhu Yulong Yin Jun He Yi Xiao college of animal Science and technology Hunan Agricultural University Hunan Institute of animal and Veterinary Science Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources college of Information and Intelligence Hunan Agricultural University Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences

This study evaluated the effects of flavonoids from mulberry leaves (FML) on plasma biochemical indices,serum activities of lipid metabolism-related enzymes,fat morphology,fatty acid composition,and lipid metabolism in different adipose tissues of finishing *** used 120 Chinese hybrid barrows of Berkshire and Bama mini-pigs with an average initial body weight of 45.11±4.23 *** pigs were randomly assigned to five treatment groups and fed a control diet based on corn,soybean meal,and wheat bran or a control diet supplemented with 0.02%,0.04%,0.08%,or 0.16%*** experimental group had six replicates (pens),with four pigs per *** a 7-d adaptation period,the feeding trial was conducted for 58 *** and adipose tissue samples were collected from 30 pigs (one pig per pen)at the end of the *** results showed that FML supplementation significantly decreased the feed intake to body gain ratio,the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and free fatty acids,and the serum activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (linear or quadratic effects,P<0.05),and decreased the plasma triglyceride concentration (quadratic,P=0.07).Increasing FML supplementation increased the average daily gain and serum activities of lipoprotein lipase (linear and quadratic effects,P<0.05) and adipose triglyceride lipase (linear,P<0.05).Dietary FML supplementation decreased the adipocyte area in the dorsal subcutaneous adipose (DSA) tissue of finishing pigs (linear,P=0.05) and increased the adipocyte area in the visceral adipose tissue (quadratic,P<0.01).Increasing FML supplementation decreased the C20:1 content in DSA,abdominal subcutaneous adipose,and visceral adipose tissues of finishing pigs (P<0.05) and increased the C18:3n3 and n-3 PUFA contents(P<0.05).The lipid metabolism genes were regulated by the PPARγ-LXRa-ABCA1 signaling pathway,and their expressions differed in different adipose *** findings suggest that FML improved growth performance,reg

关键词： Finishing pig Mulberry leaf Flavonoid Lipid metabolism Fatty acid Lard

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Effects of different energy levels in low-protein diet on liver lipid metabolism in the late-phase laying hens through the gut-liver axis

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 2122-2136页

作者： Hong Hu Ying Huang Anjian Li Qianhui Mi Kunping Wang Liang Chen Zelong Zhao Qiang Zhang Xi Bai Hongbin Pan Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feed Science Faculty of Animal Science and TechnologyYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201China college of animal Science Anhui Science and Technology UniversityBengbu 233000China State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesBeijing 100193China Shanghai BIOZERON Biotechnology Co. LtdShanghai 201800China WOD Poultry Research Institute Beijing 100193China

Background The energy/protein imbalance in a low-protein diet induces lipid metabolism disorders in late-phase laying *** energy levels in the low-protein diet to adjust the energy-to-protein ratio may improve fat deposition,but this also decreases the laying performance of *** study investigated the mechanism by which different energy levels in the low-protein diet influences liver lipid metabolism in late-phase laying hens through the enterohepatic axis to guide feed optimization and nutrition strategies.A total of 288 laying hens were randomly allocated to the normal-energy and normal-protein diet group(positive control:CK)or 1 of 3 groups:lowenergy and low-protein diet(LL),normal-energy and low-protein diet(NL),and high-energy and low-protein diet(HL)*** energy-to-protein ratios of the CK,LL,NL,and HL diets were 0.67,0.74,0.77,and 0.80,*** Compared with the CK group,egg quality deteriorated with increasing energy intake in late-phase laying hens fed low-protein *** fed LL,NL,and HL diets had significantly higher triglyceride,total cholesterol,acetylCo A carboxylase,and fatty acid synthase levels,but significantly lower hepatic lipase levels compared with the CK *** transcriptome sequencing revealed that genes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation(ACOX1,HADHA,EHHADH,and ACAA1)were downregulated,whereas genes related to fatty acid synthesis(SCD,FASN,and ACACA)were upregulated in LL group compared with the CK *** of the cecal microbiome showed that in hens fed an LL diet,Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio were enriched,whereas riboflavin metabolism was *** metabolites that were most significantly affected by the LL diet included several vitamins,such as riboflavin(vitamin B2),pantethine(vitamin B5 derivative),pyridoxine(vitamin B6),and 4-pyridoxic *** A lipid metabolism disorder due to deficiencies of vitamin B2 and pantethine originating from the metabolism of the cecal microb

关键词： Cecal microbiome Energy/protein imbalance Late-phase laying hens laying hens Liver lipid metabolism Low-protein diet Multi-omics

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Multi‐feature fusion and memory‐based mobile robot target tracking system

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IET Cyber-Systems and Robotics 2024年第3期6卷 62-73页

作者： Hanqing Sun Shijie Zhang Qingle Quan college of Information Engineering Henan University of Animal Husbandry and EconomyZhengzhouHenanChina college of Information technology and Computer Science University of the CordillerasBaguioPhilippines college of Electrical Engineering Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhouHenanChina

In crowded settings,mobile robots face challenges like target disappearance and occlusion,impacting tracking *** existing optimisations,tracking in complex environments remains *** address this issue,the authors propose a tailored visual navigation tracking system for crowded *** target disappearance,an autonomous navigation strategy based on target coordinates,utilising a path memory bank for intelligent search and re‐tracking is *** significantly enhances tracking *** handle target occlusion,the system relies on appearance features extracted by a target detection network and a feature memory bank for enhanced *** control technology ensures robust target tracking by fully utilising appearance information and motion characteristics,even in occluded *** testing on the OTB100 dataset validates the system's effectiveness in addressing target tracking challenges in diverse crowded environments,affirming algorithm robustness.

关键词： autonomous navigation Kalman filtering memory bank mobile robots proportional‐integral‐derivative

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Partially substituting alfalfa hay with hemp forage in the diet of goats improved feed efficiency, ruminal fermentation pattern and microbial profiles

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animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 49-60页

作者： Tao Ran Zhipeng Xu Wenzhu Yang Dalin Liu Duanqin Wu college of Pastoral Agriculture Science and technology Lanzhou University State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems Changshu Center for animal Disease Prevention and Control Lethbridge Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada college of animal Science and technology Yangzhou University Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The use of hemp as a forage source in livestock diets has been less studied because bioactive residues in animal tissues may pose a risk to consumers. This study investigated the effects of partial substitution of alfalfa hay(AH) with hemp forage(HF) in growing goat diets on growth performance, carcass traits, ruminal fermentation characteristics, rumen microbial communities, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant *** Xiangdong black goats with body weight(BW) 7.82 ± 0.57 kg(mean ± SD) were grouped by BW and randomly assigned into one of the four treatment diets(n = 10/treatment) in a completely randomized design. The goats were fed ad libitum total mixed rations containing 60% forage and 40% concentrate(DM basis). The diets included control(CON; 60% AH and 40% concentrate), 55% AH and 5% HF(HF5), 50% AH and10% HF(HF10), and 40% AH and 20% HF(HF20). Increasing the substitution of HF for AH linearly decreased(P = 0.004) DM intake and improved feed conversion efficiency. However, final BW, average daily gain,carcass traits, meat quality, and most blood biochemistry indices did not differ among treatments. The ruminal NH3-N concentration(P = 0.003) and blood urine nitrogen(P = 0.050) linearly increased(P < 0.01)with increasing substitution rate of HF, whereas the total volatile fatty acids concentration quadratically changed(P = 0.007). Substitution of AH with HF had no effect on the diversity and richness of ruminal microbes, though it linearly decreased(P = 0.040) Prevotella＿1 and linearly increased(P = 0.017) Rikenellaceae＿RC9＿gut＿group. The cannabinoids and/or their metabolites were detected in both ruminal filtrates(8) and plasma(4), however, no detectable cannabinoid-related residues were observed in *** results indicate that the HF could be used to partially substitute AH in goat diets, whereas the effects vary between substitution rates of HF for AH. Although no cannabinoid-related residues were detected in meat, the presence of cannabinoids resid

关键词： Alfalfa hay Hemp forage Growth performance Ruminal microbiota Cannabinoid metabolism Goat

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Dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enzyme immobilization

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第2期5卷 173-186页

作者： Shuling Zhang Jing Bai Weixi Kong Haolei Song Yunting Liu Guanhua Liu Li Ma Liya Zhou Yanjun Jiang School of Chemical Engineering and technology Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China college of Food Science and Biology Hebei University of Science&TechnologyShijiazhuang050018China Hebei Yanuo bioscience Co. Ltd.Shijiazhuang052165China

Dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles(DMSNs)are a new class of solid porous materials used for enzyme immobilization support due to their intrinsic characteristics,including their unique open central-radial structures with large pore channels and their excellent *** this review,we review the recent progress in research on enzyme immobilization using DMSNs with different structures,namely,flower-like DMSNs and tree-branch-like *** DMSN synthesis methods are briefly compared,and the distinct characteristics of the two DMSN types and their effects on the catalytic performance of immobilized enzymes are comprehensively *** directions for future research on enzyme immobilization using DMSNs are also proposed.

关键词： Dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles Enzyme immobilization Flower-like Tree-branch-like Central-radial structure

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UCHL1 promotes the proliferation of porcine granulosa cells by stabilizing CCNB1

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1894-1907页

作者： Shengjie Shi Huan Yuan Lutong Zhang Lei Gao Lili Zhao Xiangfang Zeng Shiyan Qiao Guiyan Chu Chuanjiang Cai college of animal Science and technology Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry CenterChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Background The proliferation of porcine ovarian granulosa cells(GCs)is essential to follicular development and the ubiquitin–proteasome system is necessary for maintaining cell cycle *** studies found that the deubiquitinase ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 1(UCHL1)regulates female reproduction,especially in ovarian ***,the mechanism by which UCHL1 regulates porcine GC proliferation remains *** UCHL1 overexpression promoted GC proliferation,and knockdown had the opposite ***1 is directly bound to cyclin B1(CCNB1),prolonging the half-life of CCNB1 and inhibiting its degradation,thereby promoting GC ***'s more,a flavonoid compound-isovitexin improved the enzyme activity of UCHL1 and promoted the proliferation of porcine *** UCHL1 promoted the proliferation of porcine GCs by stabilizing CCNB1,and isovitexin enhanced the enzyme activity of *** findings reveal the role of UCHL1 and the potential of isovitexin in regulating proliferation and provide insights into identifying molecular markers and nutrients that affect follicle development.

关键词： CCNB1 Granulosa cells Isovitexin Proliferation UCHL1

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Selenium nanoparticles in aquaculture: Unique advantages in the production of Se-enriched grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 189-201页

作者： Chao Zhu Zifang Wu Qimin Liu Xiaolin Wang Lijuan Zheng Shuyang He Fangxia Yang Hong Ji Wuzi Dong college of animal Science and technology Northwest A&F University Biology Research Centre of Qin Mountains Wildlife Northwest A&F University college of Forestry Northwest A&F University

The production of selenium-enriched fish can contribute to alleviating selenium deficiency in human diets. However, it is still unclear which selenium source, as an additive, can efficiently and costeffectively produce high-quality selenium-enriched fish. This study evaluated the effects of selenium nanoparticles（SeNP）, selenite, and selenomethionine（SeMet） on the growth, antioxidant capacity, selenium content, selenium speciation, and meat quality of grass carp. Ten diets were prepared, including a basal diet（BD） and three concentrations（0.1, 0.3, and 0.9 mg/kg） of SeNP, selenite, and SeMet. A total of600 fish（250.79 ± 1.57 g） were randomly assigned to 30 tanks（3 tanks/group）. Fish were fed the experimental diet three times daily for 60 d. In this study, SeNP most significantly promoted the growth and antioxidant capacity of grass carp, with 0.3 mg/kg SeNP identified as the optimal additive concentration. Additionally, SeNP demonstrated equally excellent bioavailability as SeMet and significantly increased the content of SeMet in grass carp（Ctenopharyngodon idella） muscle. Furthermore, compared to SeMet and selenite, dietary SeNP could more significantly enhance the content of selenocysteine（SeCys2） and methylselenocysteine（MeSeCys） in grass carp muscle tissue. In addition, we have demonstrated that SeCys2and MeSeCys promote apoptosis of cancer cells（HeLa） through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway（involving Bax and Bcl-2）. Furthermore, as an additive, 0.3 mg/kg SeNP significantly improved the flesh quality of grass carp by reducing crude fat and heavy metal content, as well as increasing the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid（EPA） and docosahexaenoic acid（DHA） and the ratio of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid（PUFA）. In summary, SeNP is the most suitable additive for producing selenium-enriched fish.

关键词： Selenium nanoparticle Speciation analysis Grass carp Selenium additive

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