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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第3期14卷 1077-1097页

作者： Lindokuhle Cindy Nene Heidi Abrahamse Laser Research centre Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of JohannesburgDoornfontein 2028South Africa

Cancer remains one of the diseases with the highest incidence and mortality globally.Conventional treatment modalities have demonstrated threatening drawbacks including invasiveness,noncontrollability,and development of resistance for some,including chemotherapy,radiation,and surgery.Sono-photodynamic combinatorial therapy(SPDT)has been developed as an alternative treatment modality which offers a non-invasive and controllable therapeutic approach.SPDT combines the mechanism of action of sonodynamic therapy(SDT),which uses ultrasound,and photodynamic therapy(PDT),which uses light,to activate a sensitizer and initiate cancer eradication.The use of phthalocyanines(Pcs)as sensitizers for SPDT is gaining interest owing to their ability to induce intracellular oxidative stress and initiate toxicity under SDT and PDT.This review discusses some of the structural prerequisites of Pcs which may influence their overall SPDT activities in cancer therapy.

关键词： Sonodynamic therapy Photodynamic therapy Combinatorial therapy Phthalocyanines Sensitizer Cancer

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Praseodymium metal nanorods as a 5-fluorouracil carrier

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1328-1336页

作者： Varnitha Manikantan Govindaraj Sri Varalakshmi Ujma Ashapak Tamboli Archana Sumohan Pillai Aleyamma Alexander Anushka Lucas Bose Allben Akash Israel V.M.V.Enoch centre for Nanoscience and genomics Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed University) Department of Applied Chemistry Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed University)

Interest in metal nanoparticles as nanoscale drug-carrying vehicles has been increasing.In such an aspect,lanthanide metal nanoparticles are particularly intriguing.Herein,we report praseodymium nanoparticles as a novel anticancer therapeutic transporting agent.The material was made as a composite with the supramolecular host polymer,poly-β-cyclodextrin.The praseodymium nanorods were characterized using standard analytical techniques,including X-ray diffraction（XRD）,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）,and thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）.In addition,they were imaged using transmission electron microscopy.The nanostructures are a long rod-shaped material with 2.0±0.1 μm in length and 230±10 nm in width.The material shows a saturation magnetization value above 30 emu/g with a coercivity value of 130 Oe.The nanocarrier is freighted with the drug 5-fluorouracil,and the encapsulation efficiency is 76.09%.The drug release is continuous from the nanocarrier（polymer-containing praseodymium nanoparticles） and proceeds for above 250 h.The in vitro cytotoxicities of the blank nanocarrier and the 5-fluorouracil-loaded one are deduced by testing them on MCF-7 and Vero（non-cancerous） cell lines.The cytotoxicity on the cancerous cell lines is observed,whereas the noncancerous cells are unaffected.The IC50values on the cell lines are reported.

关键词： Anticancer activity Drug delivery Metal nanoparticles Poly-cyclodextrin Praseodymium Rare earths

Design of an automated robotic microinjection system for batch injection of zebrafish embryos and larvae

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 89-103页

作者： Zhongyi Guo Nana Ai Wei Ge Qingsong Xu Department of Electromechanical Engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of MacaoMacaoChina Department of Biomedical sciences and centre of Reproduction Development and Aging(CRDA)Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacaoMacaoChina

This paper presents the design of a vision-based automated robotic microinjection system for batch injection of both zebrafish embryos and larvae.A novel visual recognition algorithm based on an automatic threshold and excessive dilatation is introduced to accurately identify the center of zebrafish embryos and larval yolks.A corresponding software system is developed using the producer-consumer model as the framework structure,and a friendly user interface is designed to allow operators to choose from a range of desired functions according to their different needs.In addition,a novel microstructural agarose device is designed and fabricated to simultaneously immobilize mixed batches of embryos and larvae.Moreover,a prototype microinjection system is fabricated by integrating hardware devices with visual algorithms.An experimental study is conducted to verify the performance of the robotic microinjection system.The results show that the reported system can accurately identify zebrafish embryos and larvae and efficiently complete batch microinjection tasks of the mixtures with an injection success rate of 92.05%in 13.88 s per sample.Compared with manual and existing microinjection systems,the proposed system demonstrates the merits of versatility,excellent efficiency,high success rate,high survival rate,and sufficient stability.

关键词： zebra automated hardware

Spin-based magnetic random-access memory for high-performance computing

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 20-23页

作者： Kaiming Cai Tianli Jin Wen Siang Lew School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Interuniversity Microelectronics centre(IMEC) School of Physical and Mathematical sciences Nanyang Technological University

Memory serves as a critical component in today's electronic systems for data storage and processing. In traditional computer architectures, the logic and memory units are physically separated, due to the performance gap in operational speed and capacity among memories, resulting in the fundamental limitation of the von Neumann computers.

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Simulating the Escaping Atmosphere of GJ 436 b with Two-fluid Magnetohydrodynamic Models

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 275-288页

作者： Lei Xing Jianheng Guo Chuyuan Yang Dongdong Yan Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences Key Laboratory for Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects Chinese Academy of Sciences International centre of Supernovae Yunnan Key Laboratory

Observations of transmission spectra reveal that hot Jupiters and Neptunes are likely to possess escaping atmospheres driven by stellar radiation. Numerous models predict that magnetic fields may exert significant influences on the atmospheres of hot planets. Generally, the escaping atmospheres are not entirely ionized, and magnetic fields only directly affect the escape of ionized components within them. Considering the chemical reactions between ionized components and neutral atoms, as well as collision processes, magnetic fields indirectly impact the escape of neutral atoms, thereby influencing the detection signals of planetary atmospheres in transmission spectra. In order to simulate this process, we developed a magnetohydrodynamic multi-fluid model based on MHD code PLUTO. As an initial exploration, we investigated the impact of magnetic fields on the decoupling of H+and H in the escaping atmosphere of the hot Neptune GJ436b. Due to the strong resonant interactions between H and H+, the coupling between them is tight even if the magnetic field is strong. Of course,alternatively, our work also suggests that merging H and H+into a single flow can be a reasonable assumption in MHD simulations of escaping atmospheres. However, our simulation results indicate that under the influence of magnetic fields, there are noticeable regional differences in the decoupling of H+and H. With the increase of magnetic field strength, the degree of decoupling also increases. For heavier particles such as O, the decoupling between O and H+is more pronounced. Our findings provide important insights for future studies on the decoupling processes of heavy atoms in the escaping atmospheres of hot Jupiters and hot Neptunes under the influence of magnetic fields.

关键词： hydrodynamics magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) planets and satellites: atmospheres

Development and validation of a novel questionnaire regarding vision screening among preschool teachers in Malaysia

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第6期17卷 1102-1109页

作者： Shazrina Ariffin Saadah Mohamed Akhir Sumithira Narayanasamy Faculty of Health sciences Centre for Community Health Studies(ReaCH)Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur 50300Malaysia

AIM:To develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of a knowledge,attitude,and practice questionnaire related to vision screening(KAP-VST)among preschool teachers in Malaysia.METHODS:The questionnaire was developed through a literature review and discussions with experts.Content and face validation were conducted by a panel of experts(n=10)and preschool teachers(n=10),respectively.A pilot study was conducted for construct validation(n=161)and test-retest reliability(n=60)of the newly developed questionnaire.RESULTS:Based on the content and face validation,71 items were generated,and 68 items were selected after exploratory factor analysis.The content validity index for items(I-CVI)score ranged from 0.8-1.0,and the content validity index for scale(S-CVI)/Ave was 0.99.Internal consistency was KR^(2)0=0.93 for knowledge,Cronbach’s alpha=0.758 for attitude,and Cronbach’s alpha=0.856 for practice.CONCLUSION:The KAP-VST is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing knowledge,attitude,and practice in relation to vision screening among preschool teachers in Malaysia.

关键词： validity reliability preschool teachers vision screening questionnaire

Does astrocytic L-lactate enhance cognition through myelination?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1167-1168页

作者： Mastura Akter Ying Li Department of Neuroscience City University of Hong Kong Department of Biomedical sciences City Universit of Hong Kong centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation Chinese Academy of Sciences centre for Biosystems Neuroscience and Nanotechnology City University of Hong Kong

Introduction: Astrocytes, the predominant glial cell in the brain, play a vital role in a plethora of central ner vous system functions. They are the major storage site of glycogen in the central nervous system. They produce L-lactate by glycogenolysis and glycolysis which is then transported to neurons(Magistreti and Allaman,

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ATP-binding cassette transporters as possible targets for the intervention of neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 721-722页

作者： Hiu Chuen Lok Glenda M.Halliday Woojin Scott Kim Brain and Mind centre&School of Medical sciences The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia

ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters are ubiquitous membrane-bound proteins that are responsible for the translocation of a broad spectrum of substrates across cellular membranes,including lipids,amino acids,nucleosides,sugars,and xenobiotics.Interestingly,ABC transporters are highly expressed in the brain.While their functions in the brain still need to be elucidated,several members are implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease(PD),and frontotemporal dementia.In this perspective,we will review current knowledge of ABC transporters in the central nervous system in terms of physiological functions and pathology in neurodegeneration.Furthermore,we will explore the possibilities of ABC transporters as potential targets in the development of therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： sugar degenerative diseases

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SCFD1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: reconciling a genetic association with in vivo functional analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1201-1202页

作者： Ruben J.Cauchi centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking Biomedical Sciences BuildingDepartment of Physiology and Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Malta

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons,resulting in muscle weakness and spasticity,eventually leading to death due to respiratory failure.Analyses by our group of a casecontrol cohort from an isolated island population have found that genetics plays a significant role in disease etiology(Farrugia Wismayer et al.,2023).

关键词： PROTEIN SLY1

Long-lived lunar volcanism sustained by precession-driven core-mantle friction

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 114-123页

作者： Shuoran Yu Xiao Xiao Shengxia Gong Nicola Tosi Jun Huang Doris Breuer Long Xiao Dongdong Ni State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary sciences Macau University of Science and Technology Planetary Science Institute State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences CAS Key Laboratory of Planetary sciences Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Institute of Planetary Research German Aerospace Centre(DLR)

Core-mantle friction induced by the precession of the Moon's spin axis is a strong heat source in the deep lunar mantle during the early phase of a satellite's evolution, but its influence on the long-term thermal evolution still remains poorly explored. Using a one-dimensional thermal evolution model, we show that core-mantle friction can sustain global-scale partial melting in the upper lunar mantle until ～3.1 Ga, thus accounting for the intense volcanic activity on the Moon before ～3.0 Ga. Besides, core-mantle friction tends to suppress the secular cooling of the lunar core and is unlikely to be an energy source for the long-lived lunar core dynamo. Our model also favours the transition of the Cassini state before the end of the lunar magma ocean phase(～4.2 Ga), which implies a decreasing lunar obliquity over time after the solidification of the lunar magma ocean. Such a trend of lunar obliquity evolution may allow volcanically released water to be buried in the lunar regolith of the polar regions. As a consequence, local water ice could be more abundant than previously thought when considering only its accumulation caused by solar wind and comet spreading.

关键词： Moon precession orbit volcanism