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Effects of sex on fat deposition through gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in weaned pigs

animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 100-109页

作者： Linfang Yao Bo Wang Yu Wang Jie Bai Yiming Gao Xintong Ru Chongpeng Bi Jianping Li Anshan Shan college of animal {2. and technology Northeast Agricultural University

Nitrogen pollution resulting from excessive feed consumption poses a significant challenge for modern swine production. Precision nutrition technology seems to be an effective way to solve this problem;therefore, understanding the law of pig body composition deposition is a prerequisite. This study investigated the sex effects on growth performance, body composition, nutrient deposition, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) in weaned piglets. Eighty weaned pigs were randomly allocated to 2.treatments according to the sex of pigs. An individual pig was considered as a treatment *** body weights(BW 5, 7, 11, 15, 2., and 2. kg) were chosen as experimental points; for each point 10piglets close to the average BW(5 males and 5 females) were slaughtered, and there was one growth phase between each 2.BW points. Results indicated that the males had higher average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI) compared to the females(P 2. kg BW and 2. to 2. kg BW. Meanwhile, males at 2. kg BW had higher body fat content than females(P 2. kg BW(P 2. kg BW, the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Clostridium, Christensenellaceae＿R-7＿group, and Peptostreptococcaceae was significantly increased in males(P 2. kg BW, the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae＿NK4A2.4＿group, Fibrobacter, Ruminococcaceae UCG-009, Ralstonia, Klebsiel, and Christensenellaceae＿R-7＿group in males was higher when compared with females(P < 0.05). In terms of SCFA, females exhibited higher concentrations of propionate compared to males(P < 0.05). The results of the current study indicated that sex influenced fat deposition through changes in the composition of gut microbiota and the content of SCFA, which has significant implications for the realization of precisio

关键词： Sex Body composition Nutrient deposition Gut microbiota Short-chain fatty acid Weaned piglet

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Dietary sodium acetate and sodium butyrate attenuate intestinal damage and improve lipid metabolism in juvenile largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides) fed a high carbohydrate diet by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress

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animal Nutrition 2024年第01期16卷 443-456页

作者： Liulan Zhao Liangshun Cheng Yifang Hu Xiaohui Li Yihui Yang Jin Mu Lianfeng Shen Guojun Hu Kuo He Haoxiao Yan Qiao Liu Song Yang college of animal {2. and technology Sichuan Agricultural University

High-carbohydrate(HC) diets decrease the intestinal levels of sodium acetate(SA) and sodium butyrate(SB) and impair the gut health of largemouth bass; however, SA and SB have been shown to enhance immunity and improve intestinal health in farmed animals. Thus, the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary SA and SB on HC diet-induced intestinal injury and the potential mechanisms in juvenile largemouth bass. The experiment set five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, including a lowcarbohydrate diet(9% starch)(LC), a high carbohydrate diet(18% starch)(HC), and the HC diet supplemented with 2.g/kg SA(HCSA), 2.g/kg SB(HCSB) or a combination of 1 g/kg SA and 1 g/kg SB(HCSASB).The feeding experiment was conducted for 8 weeks. A total of 52. juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 7.00 ± 0.2. g were used. The results showed that dietary SA and SB improved the weight gain rate and specific growth rate (P<0.05) and ameliorated serum parameters(alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate transaminase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase)(P<0.05). And, importantly, dietary SA and SB repaired the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression levels of zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-7(P<0.05), reduced HC-induced intestinal damage, and alleviated intestinal inflammation and cell apoptosis by attenuating HC-induced intestinal endoplasmic reticulum stress(P<0.05). Further results revealed that dietary SA and SB reduced HC-induced intestinal fat deposition by inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis(P<0.05). In summary, this study demonstrated that dietary SA and SB attenuated HC-induced intestinal damage and reduced excessive intestinal fat deposition in largemouth bass.

关键词： Sodium acetate Sodium butyrate High carbohydrate diet Endoplasmic reticulum stress Intestine health Lipid metabolism

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Dietary fat and carbohydrate-balancing the lactation performance and methane emissions in the dairy cow industry: A meta-analysis

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animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 347-357页

作者： Chenguang Zhang Xingwei Jiang Shengru Wu Jun Zhang Yue Wang Zongjun Li Junhu Yao college of animal {2. and technology Northwest A&F University

For the agroecosystems of the dairy cow industry, dietary carbohydrate（starch, neutral detergent fiber[NDF]） and fat could directly affect rumen methane emissions and host energy utilization. However, the relationships among diet, lactation performance, and methane emissions need to be further determined to assist dairy farms to adjust diet formulations and feeding strategies for environmental and production management. A meta-analysis was conducted in the current study to explore quantitative patterns of dietary fat and carbohydrate at different levels in balancing lactation performance and environment sustainability of dairy cows, and to establish a methane emission prediction model using the artificial neural network（ANN）model. The results showed that the regression relationship between dietary fat, carbohydrate and methane emissions could be shown by the following models: methane = 106.78 +（14.86 × DMI）, R2. 0.80;methane = 443.17-（46.41 × starch/NDF）, R2. 0.76; and methane = 388.91 +（31.40 × fat）-（5.42.× fat2.,R2. 0.80. The regression relationships between dietary fat, carbohydrate and lactation performance could be shown by the following models: milk fat yield = 1.08 +（0.43 × starch/NDF）-[0.34 ×（starch/NDF）2.,R2. 0.79; milk protein yield = 0.68 +（0.15 × fat）-（0.016 × fat2., R2. 0.82. In the structural equation model, we found that when formulating dietary carbohydrates and fats, it was necessary to balance the relationship between methane emissions and lactation performance. Specifically, dietary starch/NDF was lower than 0.63（extremum point） and dietary fat was between 2.89% and 4.69%（extremum point）, it could ensure that the aim of methane emission reduction（methane emissions decrease with increasing dietary starch/NDF and fat） was achieved without losing lactation performance of dairy cows（lactation performance increase with increasing dietary starch/NDF and fat）. Finally, we established the ANN model to predict methane emissions（training set: R2. 0.62. vali

关键词： Dietary fat and carbohydrate Environment sustainability Lactation performance Dairy cow Meta-analysis

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Tryptophan metabolism and piglet diarrhea: Where we stand and the challenges ahead

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animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 123-133页

作者： Xuan Zhao Jiaman Pang Wanghong Zhang Xie Peng Zhenguo Yang Guangdong Bai Yaoyao Xia college of animal {2. and technology Southwest University Yunnan Vocational college of Agriculture

The intestinal architecture of piglets is vulnerable to disruption during weaning transition and leads to diarrhea, frequently accompanied by inflammation and metabolic disturbances(including amino acid metabolism). Tryptophan(Trp) plays an essential role in orchestrating intestinal immune tolerance through its metabolism via the kynurenine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, or indole pathways, which could be dictated by the gut microbiota either directly or indirectly. Emerging evidence suggests a strong association between piglet diarrhea and Trp metabolism. Here we aim to summarize the intricate balance of microbiota-host crosstalk by analyzing alterations in both the host and microbial pathways of Trp and discuss how Trp metabolism may affect piglet diarrhea. Overall, this review could provide valuable insights to explore effective strategies for managing piglet diarrhea and the related challenges.

关键词： Tryptophan metabolism Piglet Diarrhea Intestinal microbiota Inflammatory response

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Impact of dietary supplementation with β-alanine on the rumen microbial crude protein supply, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in beef steers elucidated through sequencing the rumen bacterial community

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animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 418-427页

作者： Jinming Hu Shuo Zhang Mengmeng Li Guangyong Zhao State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University

This study investigated the effects of β-alanine(β-Ala) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility,nitrogen(N) metabolism, plasma biochemical parameters, and rumen bacterial communities in beef steers. Six steers with initial liveweight of 2.2.8 ± 5.2.kg and 3 treatments of supplementing with 0, 30,or 60 g β-Ala per day to basal diet were allocated in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. Each experimental period was 2. d, of which the first 15 d were for adaptation and the subsequent 5 d were for sampling. The results showed that β-Ala linearly increased the ruminal concentration of microbial crude protein(MCP)(P = 0.005), but it did not affect the ruminal concentrations of ammonia N and total volatile fatty acids(P > 0.10). β-Ala also linearly increased the dry matter(DM)(P = 0.009), organic matter(OM)(P = 0.017) and crude protein(CP)(P = 0.043) digestibility, tended to decrease the acid detergent fiber digestibility(P = 0.077), but it did not affect the neutral detergent fiber digestibility(P = 0.641). β-Ala quadratically increased the relative abundance of ruminal Bacteroidota(P = 0.02.) at the phylum level, and increased Prevotella(P = 0.02.) and Prevotellaceae＿UCG-003(P = 0.014), and decreased the relative abundance of NK4A2.4＿group(P = 0.009) at the genus level. Feeding steers with β-Ala linearly increased the urinary N(P = 0.006), urea excretions(P = 0.002. and the N retention(P = 0.004), but it did not affect the N utilization efficiency(P = 0.12.). β-Ala quadratically increased the plasma concentration of the total antioxidant capacity(P = 0.011) and linearly increased the plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1(P < 0.001). In summary, dietary supplementation with β-Ala improved the rumen MCP supply and increased the digestibility of DM, OM, CP and the N *** research is necessary to verify the ruminal degradability of β-Ala and to investigate the mechanism of the impact of absorbed β-Ala on the anti-oxidative ability in stee

关键词： β-Alanine Cattle Nitrogen metabolism Rumen bacterial community Rumen fermentation

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Fairy shrimp Branchinella kugenumaensis displays sensitivity to microplastic exposure

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第4期42卷 1186-1199页

作者： Yingying ZHANG Xinrui XU Wenbo SUN Yuting WANG Hui YANG college of animal {2. and technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

The increasing global concern regarding plastic pollution has prompted the research into the consequences of microplastics(MPs)on aquatic *** shrimp Branchinella kugenumaensis are freshwater planktonic organisms that have existed for 2.0 million *** study aimed to uncover the harmful effects of MPs,with a particular focus on their size variations(0.1,1,and 5μm),on the fairy *** focused on how MPs could significantly affect the survival and growth of fairy ***,larger MPs,especially those measuring 5μm,caused higher mortality rates and hindered the growth compared to smaller *** impact of MPs continued even subsequent to depuration in clean *** accumulation of MPs within the intestines of fairy shrimp resulted in intestinal blockages,disrupted excretory functions,and harmed intestinal epithelial *** at the histological,cellular,and molecular levels showed that exposure to MPs triggered necroptosis in intestinal cells,accompanied by alterations in pathways related to transcription,translation,digestion,energy metabolism,and neurological ***,the effects of MPs on gene expression and pathways varied based on particle size,with larger MPs having a more significant effect and causing a strong response in xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism *** suggest that the increasing severity of MPs pollution could pose a significant threat to the survival of fairy *** study provided vital insights into the complex relationship between microplastics and aquatic organisms,and highlighted the urgent need to address the potential devastating impact of plastic pollution on freshwater ***,due to their rapid growth,strong reproductive capacity,sensitivity,and ease of cultivation,fairy shrimp hold the potential candidate to serve as a model organism for studying the effects of MPs and other pollutants on freshwater ecosystems.

关键词： microplastic freshwater ecosystem toxic effects fairy shrimp model organism

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Probiotic cocktails accelerate baicalin metabolism in the ileum to modulate intestinal health in broiler chickens

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Journal of animal science and Bio{2. 2024年第2期15卷 779-794页

作者： Mingkun Gao Chaoyong Liao Jianyang Fu Zhonghua Ning Zengpeng Lv Yuming Guo State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feeding College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China National Engineering Laboratory for animal Breeding College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Background Baicalin and probiotic cocktails are promising feed additives with broad application *** probiotic cocktails are known to enhance intestinal health,the potential synergistic impact of combining baicalin with probiotic cocktails on the gut health of broiler chickens remains largely ***,this study aims to investigate the influence of the combined administration of baicalin and probiotic cocktails on the composition of ileal and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the healthpromoting *** A total of 32.1-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were divided into 4 groups,each with 8 replicates of 10 chicks per *** a period of 42.d,the birds were fed a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 37.5 g/t baicalin(BC),1,000 g/t probiotic cocktails(PC),or a combination of both BC(37.5 g/t)and PC(1,000 g/t).The results demonstrated that BC+PC exhibited positive synergistic effects,enhancing intestinal morphology,immune function,and barrier *** was evidenced by increased VH/CD ratio,sIgA levels,and upregulated expression of occludin and claudin-1(P<0.05).16S rRNA analysis indicated that PC potentiated the effects of BC,particularly in the ileum,where BC+PC significantly increased theα-diversity of the ileal microbiota,altered itsβ-diversity,and increased the relative abundance of Flavonifractor(P<0.05),a flavonoid-metabolizing ***,Flavonifractor positively correlated with chicken ileum crypt depth(P<0.05).While BC+PC had a limited effect on cecal microbiota structure,the PC group had a very similar microbial composition to BC+PC,suggesting that the effect of PC at the distal end of the gut overshadowed those of *** We demonstrated the synergistic enhancement of gut health regulation in broiler chickens by combining baicalin and probiotic *** cocktails enhanced the effects of baicalin and accelerated its metab

关键词： Baicalin Gut health Ileal microbiota Probiotic cocktails Synergistic effects

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Effects of altering the ratio of C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 in rumen bypass fat on growth performance, lipid metabolism, intestinal barrier, cecal microbiota, and inflammation in fattening bulls

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Journal of animal science and Bio{2. 2024年第5期15卷 2156-2174页

作者： Haixin Bai Haosheng Zhang Congwen Wang Modinat Tolani Lambo Yang Li Yonggen Zhang college of animal {2. and technology Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Faculty of animal science and {2. Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650500China

Background C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 may have different effects on animal growth and health due to unique metabolism in *** study was investigated to explore the different effects of altering the ratio of C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 in fat supplements on growth performance,lipid metabolism,intestinal barrier,cecal microbiota,and inflammation in fattening *** finishing Angus bulls(62.±69 kg,2.±0.5 months)were divided into 3 treatments according to the randomized block design:(1)control diet without additional fat(CON),(2.CON+2.5%palmitic acid calcium salt(PA,90%C16:0),and(3)CON+2.5%mixed fatty acid calcium salt(MA,60%C16:0+30%cis-9 C18:1).The experiment lasted for 104 d,after which all the bulls were slaughtered and sampled for *** MA tended to reduce 0–52.d dry matter intake compared to PA(DMI,P=0.052..Compared with CON and MA,PA significantly increased 0–52.d average daily gain(ADG,P=0.02.).PA tended to improve the 0–52.d feed conversion rate compared with CON(FCR,P=0.088).Both PA and MA had no significant effect on 52.104 days of DMI,ADG and FCR(P>0.05).PA tended to improve plasma triglycerides compared with MA(P=0.077),significantly increased plasma cholesterol(P=0.002.and tended to improve subcutaneous adipose weight(P=0.066)when compared with CON and *** PA and MA increased visceral adipose weight compared with CON(P=0.02.).Only PA increased the colonization of Rikenellaceae,Ruminococcus and Proteobacteria in the cecum,and MA increased Akkermansia abundance(P<0.05).Compared with CON,both PA and MA down-regulated the m RNA expression of Claudin-1 in the jejunum(P<0.001),increased plasma diamine oxidase(DAO,P<0.001)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS,P=0.045).Compared with CON and MA,PA down-regulated the ZO-1 in the jejunum(P<0.001)and increased plasma LPS-binding protein(LBP,P<0.001).Compared with CON,only PA down-regulated the Occludin in the jejunum(P=0.013).Compared with CON,PA and MA significantly up-regulated the expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB

关键词： C16:0 cis-9 C18:1 Finishing bulls Intestinal homeostasis Lipid metabolism Low-grade inflammation

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Molybdenum and cadmium co-induce necroptosis through Th1/Th2.imbalance-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in duck ovaries

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第8期142卷 92-102页

作者： Ting Cui Xueyan Dai Huiling Guo Dianyun Wang Bingyan Huang Wenjing Pu Xuesheng Chu Caiying Zhang Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for animal Health Institute of Animal Population HealthCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China

Cadmium(Cd)and excess molybdenum(Mo)pose serious threats to animal *** previous study has determined that Cd and/or Mo exposure can cause ovarian damage of ducks,while the specific mechanism is still *** further investigate the toxic mechanism of Cd and Mo co-exposure in the ovary,forty 8-day-old female ducks were randomly allocated into four groups for 16 weeks,and the doses of Cd and Mo in basic diet per kg were as follows:control group,Mo group(100 mg Mo),Cd group(4 mg Cd),and Mo+Cd group(100 mg Mo+4 mg Cd).Cadmium sulfate 8/3-hydrate(CdSO_(4)·8/3H_(2.O)and hexaammonium molybdate((NH_(4))_(6)Mo_(7)O_(2.)·4H_(2.O)were the origins of Cd and Mo,*** the 16th week of the experiment,all ovary tissues were collected for the detection of related *** data indicated that Mo and/or Cd induced trace element disorders and Th1/Th2.balance to divert toward Th1 in the ovary,which activated endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and then provoked necroptosis through triggering RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL signaling pathway,and eventually caused ovarian pathological injuries and necroptosis *** alterations of above indicators were most apparent in the joint *** all,this research illustrates that Mo and/or Cd exposure can initiate necroptosis through Th1/Th2.imbalance-modulated ER stress in duck ovaries,and Mo and Cd combined exposure aggravates ovarian *** research explores the molecular mechanism of necroptosis caused by Mo and/or Cd,which reveals that ER stress attenuation may be a therapeutic target to alleviate necroptosis.

关键词： Molybdenum Cadmium Th1/Th2.imbalance Endoplasmic reticulum stress Necroptosis Ovary

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Effect of changing the proportion of C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 in fat supplements on rumen fermentation,glucose and lipid metabolism,antioxidation capacity,and visceral fatty acid profile in finishing Angus bulls

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animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 39-48页

作者： Haixin Bai Lubo Wang Modinat Tolani Lambo Yang Li Yonggen Zhang college of animal {2. and technology Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China

This study evaluated the effects of different proportions of palmitic(C16:0)and oleic(cis-9 C18:1)acids in fat supplements on rumen fermentation,glucose(GLU)and lipid metabolism,antioxidant function,and visceral fat fatty acid(FA)composition in Angus *** design of the experiment was a randomized block design with 3 treatments of 10 animals each.A total of 30 finishing Angus bulls(2.±0.5 months)with an initial body weight of 62.±69 kg were blocked by weight into 10 blocks,with 3 bulls per *** bulls in each block were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets:(1)control diet without additional fat(CON),(2.CON+2.5%palmitic calcium salt(PA;90%C16:0),(3)CON+2.5%mixed FA calcium salts(MA;60%C16:0+30%cis-9 C18:1).Both fat supplements increased C18:0 and cis-9 C18:1 in visceral fat(P2.,and up-regulated the expression of liver diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2.DGAT2.P<0.001)and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1(SCD1;P<0.05).MA increased plasma superoxide dismutase activity(SOD;P=0.011),reduced the concentration of acetate and total volatile FA(VFA)in rumen fluid(P<0.05),and tended to increase plasma non-esterified FA(NEFA;P=0.069)***,high C16:0 fat supplementation increased weight gain in Angus bulls and triggered the risk of fatty liver,insulin resistance,and reduced antioxidant *** adverse effects were alleviated by partially replacing C16:0 with cis-9 C18:1.

关键词： Palmitic acid Oleic acid Lipid metabolism Lipotoxicity Finishing bull

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