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Effects of sex on fat deposition through gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in weaned pigs

animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 100-109页

作者： Linfang Yao Bo Wang Yu Wang Jie Bai Yiming Gao Xintong Ru Chongpeng Bi Jianping Li Anshan Shan college of {1. science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University

Nitrogen pollution resulting from excessive feed consumption poses a significant challenge for modern swine production. Precision nutrition technology seems to be an effective way to solve this problem;therefore, understanding the law of pig body composition deposition is a prerequisite. This study investigated the sex effects on growth performance, body composition, nutrient deposition, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) in weaned piglets. Eighty weaned pigs were randomly allocated to 2 treatments according to the sex of pigs. An individual pig was considered as a treatment *** body weights(BW 5, 7, 1., 1., 20, and 25 kg) were chosen as experimental points; for each point 1.piglets close to the average BW(5 males and 5 females) were slaughtered, and there was one growth phase between each 2 BW points. Results indicated that the males had higher average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI) compared to the females(P 1. to 20 kg BW and 20 to 25 kg BW. Meanwhile, males at 20 kg BW had higher body fat content than females(P 1.).Males showed a higher body fat(P 1. to 20 kg BW(P 1.＿group, Fibrobacter, Ruminococcaceae UCG-009, Ralstonia, Klebsiel, and Christensenellaceae＿R-7＿group in males was higher when compared with females(P < 0.05). In terms of SCFA, females exhibited higher concentrations of propionate compared to males(P < 0.05). The results of the current study indicated that sex influenced fat deposition through changes in the composition of gut microbiota and the content of SCFA, which has significant implications for the realization of precisio

关键词： Sex Body composition Nutrient deposition Gut microbiota Short-chain fatty acid Weaned piglet

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Dietary sodium acetate and sodium butyrate attenuate intestinal damage and improve lipid metabolism in juvenile largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides) fed a high carbohydrate diet by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress

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animal Nutrition 2024年第01期16卷 443-456页

作者： Liulan Zhao Liangshun Cheng Yifang Hu Xiaohui Li Yihui Yang Jin Mu Lianfeng Shen Guojun Hu Kuo He Haoxiao Yan Qiao Liu Song Yang college of {1. science and Technology Sichuan Agricultural University

High-carbohydrate(HC) diets decrease the intestinal levels of sodium acetate(SA) and sodium butyrate(SB) and impair the gut health of largemouth bass; however, SA and SB have been shown to enhance immunity and improve intestinal health in farmed animals. Thus, the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary SA and SB on HC diet-induced intestinal injury and the potential mechanisms in juvenile largemouth bass. The experiment set five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, including a lowcarbohydrate diet(9% starch)(LC), a high carbohydrate diet(1.% starch)(HC), and the HC diet supplemented with 2 g/kg SA(HCSA), 2 g/kg SB(HCSB) or a combination of 1.g/kg SA and 1.g/kg SB(HCSASB).The feeding experiment was conducted for 8 weeks. A total of 525 juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 7.00 ± 0.20 g were used. The results showed that dietary SA and SB improved the weight gain rate and specific growth rate (P1. occludin, and claudin-7(P<0.05), reduced HC-induced intestinal damage, and alleviated intestinal inflammation and cell apoptosis by attenuating HC-induced intestinal endoplasmic reticulum stress(P<0.05). Further results revealed that dietary SA and SB reduced HC-induced intestinal fat deposition by inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis(P<0.05). In summary, this study demonstrated that dietary SA and SB attenuated HC-induced intestinal damage and reduced excessive intestinal fat deposition in largemouth bass.

关键词： Sodium acetate Sodium butyrate High carbohydrate diet Endoplasmic reticulum stress Intestine health Lipid metabolism

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Tryptophan metabolism and piglet diarrhea: Where we stand and the challenges ahead

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animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 123-133页

作者： Xuan Zhao Jiaman Pang Wanghong Zhang Xie Peng Zhenguo Yang Guangdong Bai Yaoyao Xia college of {1. science and Technology Southwest University Yunnan Vocational college of Agriculture

The intestinal architecture of piglets is vulnerable to disruption during weaning transition and leads to diarrhea, frequently accompanied by inflammation and metabolic disturbances(including amino acid metabolism). Tryptophan(Trp) plays an essential role in orchestrating intestinal immune tolerance through its metabolism via the kynurenine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, or indole pathways, which could be dictated by the gut microbiota either directly or indirectly. Emerging evidence suggests a strong association between piglet diarrhea and Trp metabolism. Here we aim to summarize the intricate balance of microbiota-host crosstalk by analyzing alterations in both the host and microbial pathways of Trp and discuss how Trp metabolism may affect piglet diarrhea. Overall, this review could provide valuable insights to explore effective strategies for managing piglet diarrhea and the related challenges.

关键词： Tryptophan metabolism Piglet Diarrhea Intestinal microbiota Inflammatory response

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Impact of dietary supplementation with β-alanine on the rumen microbial crude protein supply, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in beef steers elucidated through sequencing the rumen bacterial community

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animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 418-427页

作者： Jinming Hu Shuo Zhang Mengmeng Li Guangyong Zhao State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University

This study investigated the effects of β-alanine(β-Ala) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility,nitrogen(N) metabolism, plasma biochemical parameters, and rumen bacterial communities in beef steers. Six steers with initial liveweight of 252.8 ± 5.2 kg and 3 treatments of supplementing with 0, 30,or 60 g β-Ala per day to basal diet were allocated in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. Each experimental period was 20 d, of which the first 1. d were for adaptation and the subsequent 5 d were for sampling. The results showed that β-Ala linearly increased the ruminal concentration of microbial crude protein(MCP)(P = 0.005), but it did not affect the ruminal concentrations of ammonia N and total volatile fatty acids(P > 0.1.). β-Ala also linearly increased the dry matter(DM)(P = 0.009), organic matter(OM)(P = 0.01.) and crude protein(CP)(P = 0.043) digestibility, tended to decrease the acid detergent fiber digestibility(P = 0.077), but it did not affect the neutral detergent fiber digestibility(P = 0.641.. β-Ala quadratically increased the relative abundance of ruminal Bacteroidota(P = 0.021. at the phylum level, and increased Prevotella(P = 0.028) and Prevotellaceae＿UCG-003(P = 0.01.), and decreased the relative abundance of NK4A21.＿group(P = 0.009) at the genus level. Feeding steers with β-Ala linearly increased the urinary N(P = 0.006), urea excretions(P = 0.002) and the N retention(P = 0.004), but it did not affect the N utilization efficiency(P = 0.1.0). β-Ala quadratically increased the plasma concentration of the total antioxidant capacity(P = 0.01.) and linearly increased the plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1.P 1.. In summary, dietary supplementation with β-Ala improved the rumen MCP supply and increased the digestibility of DM, OM, CP and the N *** research is necessary to verify the ruminal degradability of β-Ala and to investigate the mechanism of the impact of absorbed β-Ala on the anti-oxidative ability in stee

关键词： β-Alanine Cattle Nitrogen metabolism Rumen bacterial community Rumen fermentation

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Dietary fat and carbohydrate-balancing the lactation performance and methane emissions in the dairy cow industry: A meta-analysis

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animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 347-357页

作者： Chenguang Zhang Xingwei Jiang Shengru Wu Jun Zhang Yue Wang Zongjun Li Junhu Yao college of {1. science and Technology Northwest A&F University

For the agroecosystems of the dairy cow industry, dietary carbohydrate（starch, neutral detergent fiber[NDF]） and fat could directly affect rumen methane emissions and host energy utilization. However, the relationships among diet, lactation performance, and methane emissions need to be further determined to assist dairy farms to adjust diet formulations and feeding strategies for environmental and production management. A meta-analysis was conducted in the current study to explore quantitative patterns of dietary fat and carbohydrate at different levels in balancing lactation performance and environment sustainability of dairy cows, and to establish a methane emission prediction model using the artificial neural network（ANN）model. The results showed that the regression relationship between dietary fat, carbohydrate and methane emissions could be shown by the following models: methane = 1.6.78 +（1..86 × DMI）, R2= 0.80;methane = 443.1.-（46.41.× starch/NDF）, R2= 0.76; and methane = 388.91.+（31.40 × fat）-（5.42 × fat2）,R2= 0.80. The regression relationships between dietary fat, carbohydrate and lactation performance could be shown by the following models: milk fat yield = 1.08 +（0.43 × starch/NDF）-[0.34 ×（starch/NDF）2],R2= 0.79; milk protein yield = 0.68 +（0.1. × fat）-（0.01. × fat2）, R2= 0.82. In the structural equation model, we found that when formulating dietary carbohydrates and fats, it was necessary to balance the relationship between methane emissions and lactation performance. Specifically, dietary starch/NDF was lower than 0.63（extremum point） and dietary fat was between 2.89% and 4.69%（extremum point）, it could ensure that the aim of methane emission reduction（methane emissions decrease with increasing dietary starch/NDF and fat） was achieved without losing lactation performance of dairy cows（lactation performance increase with increasing dietary starch/NDF and fat）. Finally, we established the ANN model to predict methane emissions（training set: R2= 0.62; vali

关键词： Dietary fat and carbohydrate Environment sustainability Lactation performance Dairy cow Meta-analysis

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Molybdenum and cadmium co-induce necroptosis through Th1.Th2 imbalance-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in duck ovaries

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第8期142卷 92-102页

作者： Ting Cui Xueyan Dai Huiling Guo Dianyun Wang Bingyan Huang Wenjing Pu Xuesheng Chu Caiying Zhang Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for animal Health Institute of Animal Population HealthCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China

Cadmium(Cd)and excess molybdenum(Mo)pose serious threats to animal *** previous study has determined that Cd and/or Mo exposure can cause ovarian damage of ducks,while the specific mechanism is still *** further investigate the toxic mechanism of Cd and Mo co-exposure in the ovary,forty 8-day-old female ducks were randomly allocated into four groups for 1. weeks,and the doses of Cd and Mo in basic diet per kg were as follows:control group,Mo group(1.0 mg Mo),Cd group(4 mg Cd),and Mo+Cd group(1.0 mg Mo+4 mg Cd).Cadmium sulfate 8/3-hydrate(CdSO_(4)·8/3H_(2)O)and hexaammonium molybdate((NH_(4))_(6)Mo_(7)O_(24)·4H_(2)O)were the origins of Cd and Mo,*** the 1.th week of the experiment,all ovary tissues were collected for the detection of related *** data indicated that Mo and/or Cd induced trace element disorders and Th1.Th2 balance to divert toward Th1.in the ovary,which activated endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and then provoked necroptosis through triggering RIPK1.RIPK3/MLKL signaling pathway,and eventually caused ovarian pathological injuries and necroptosis *** alterations of above indicators were most apparent in the joint *** all,this research illustrates that Mo and/or Cd exposure can initiate necroptosis through Th1.Th2 imbalance-modulated ER stress in duck ovaries,and Mo and Cd combined exposure aggravates ovarian *** research explores the molecular mechanism of necroptosis caused by Mo and/or Cd,which reveals that ER stress attenuation may be a therapeutic target to alleviate necroptosis.

关键词： Molybdenum Cadmium Th1.Th2 imbalance Endoplasmic reticulum stress Necroptosis Ovary

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Probiotic cocktails accelerate baicalin metabolism in the ileum to modulate intestinal health in broiler chickens

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Journal of animal {1. and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 779-794页

作者： Mingkun Gao Chaoyong Liao Jianyang Fu Zhonghua Ning Zengpeng Lv Yuming Guo State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feeding College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China National Engineering Laboratory for animal Breeding College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Background Baicalin and probiotic cocktails are promising feed additives with broad application *** probiotic cocktails are known to enhance intestinal health,the potential synergistic impact of combining baicalin with probiotic cocktails on the gut health of broiler chickens remains largely ***,this study aims to investigate the influence of the combined administration of baicalin and probiotic cocktails on the composition of ileal and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the healthpromoting *** A total of 3201.day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were divided into 4 groups,each with 8 replicates of 1. chicks per *** a period of 42 d,the birds were fed a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 37.5 g/t baicalin(BC),1.000 g/t probiotic cocktails(PC),or a combination of both BC(37.5 g/t)and PC(1.000 g/t).The results demonstrated that BC+PC exhibited positive synergistic effects,enhancing intestinal morphology,immune function,and barrier *** was evidenced by increased VH/CD ratio,sIgA levels,and upregulated expression of occludin and claudin-1.P1.S rRNA analysis indicated that PC potentiated the effects of BC,particularly in the ileum,where BC+PC significantly increased theα-diversity of the ileal microbiota,altered itsβ-diversity,and increased the relative abundance of Flavonifractor(P<0.05),a flavonoid-metabolizing ***,Flavonifractor positively correlated with chicken ileum crypt depth(P<0.05).While BC+PC had a limited effect on cecal microbiota structure,the PC group had a very similar microbial composition to BC+PC,suggesting that the effect of PC at the distal end of the gut overshadowed those of *** We demonstrated the synergistic enhancement of gut health regulation in broiler chickens by combining baicalin and probiotic *** cocktails enhanced the effects of baicalin and accelerated its metab

关键词： Baicalin Gut health Ileal microbiota Probiotic cocktails Synergistic effects

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Fairy shrimp Branchinella kugenumaensis displays sensitivity to microplastic exposure

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第4期42卷 1186-1199页

作者： Yingying ZHANG Xinrui XU Wenbo SUN Yuting WANG Hui YANG college of {1. science and Technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

The increasing global concern regarding plastic pollution has prompted the research into the consequences of microplastics(MPs)on aquatic *** shrimp Branchinella kugenumaensis are freshwater planktonic organisms that have existed for 250 million *** study aimed to uncover the harmful effects of MPs,with a particular focus on their size variations(0.1.1.and 5μm),on the fairy *** focused on how MPs could significantly affect the survival and growth of fairy ***,larger MPs,especially those measuring 5μm,caused higher mortality rates and hindered the growth compared to smaller *** impact of MPs continued even subsequent to depuration in clean *** accumulation of MPs within the intestines of fairy shrimp resulted in intestinal blockages,disrupted excretory functions,and harmed intestinal epithelial *** at the histological,cellular,and molecular levels showed that exposure to MPs triggered necroptosis in intestinal cells,accompanied by alterations in pathways related to transcription,translation,digestion,energy metabolism,and neurological ***,the effects of MPs on gene expression and pathways varied based on particle size,with larger MPs having a more significant effect and causing a strong response in xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism *** suggest that the increasing severity of MPs pollution could pose a significant threat to the survival of fairy *** study provided vital insights into the complex relationship between microplastics and aquatic organisms,and highlighted the urgent need to address the potential devastating impact of plastic pollution on freshwater ***,due to their rapid growth,strong reproductive capacity,sensitivity,and ease of cultivation,fairy shrimp hold the potential candidate to serve as a model organism for studying the effects of MPs and other pollutants on freshwater ecosystems.

关键词： microplastic freshwater ecosystem toxic effects fairy shrimp model organism

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Hexokinase 1.and 2 mediates glucose utilization to regulate the synthesis of kappa casein via ribosome protein subunit 6 kinase 1.in bovine mammary epithelial cells

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动物营养学报 2024年第1期16卷 338-349页

作者： Tianyu Yang Jia Guo Han Song Osmond Datsomor Yuhang Chen Maocheng Jiang Kang Zhan Guoqi Zhao Institute of animal Culture Collection and Application College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China

Glucose plays a vital part in milk protein synthesis through the mTOR signaling pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC). The objectives of this study were to determine how glucose affects hexokinase (HK) activity in BMEC and investigate the regulatory effect of HK in kappa casein (CSN3) synthesis via the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1.(mTORC1. signaling pathway in BMEC. For this,HK1.andHK2 were knocked out in BMEC using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The gene and protein expression, glucose uptake, and cell proliferation were measured. We found that glucose uptake, cell proliferation,CSN3 gene expression levels, and expression of HK1.and HK2 increased with increasing glucose concentrations. Notably, glucose uptake was significantly reduced inHK2 knockout (HK2KO) BMEC treated with 1..5 mM glucose. Moreover, under the same glucose treatment conditions, the proliferative ability and abundance of CSN3 were significantly diminished in bothHK1.knockout (HK1.O) and HK2KO BMEC compared with that in wild-type BEMC. We further observed that the phosphorylation levels of ribosome protein subunit 6 kinase 1.(S6K1. were reduced in HK1.O and HK2KO BMEC following treatment with 1..5 mM glucose. As expected, the levels of glucose-6-phosphate and the mRNA expression levels of glycolysis-related genes were decreased in both HK1.O and HK2KO BMEC following glucose treatment. These results indicated that the knockout ofHK1.andHK2 inhibited cell proliferation and CSN3 expression in BMEC under glucose treatment, which may be associated with the inactivation of the S6K1.and inhibition of *** The PDF

关键词： Glucose Hexokinase Milk protein Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1.signaling pathway Bovine mammary epithelial cell Kappa casein

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Vitamin A regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and function through p38 MAPK‑PGC‑1. signaling pathway and alters the muscle fiber composition of sheep

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Journal of animal {1. and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 898-910页

作者： Pengkang Song Jiamin Zhao Fanqinyu Li Xiaoyi Zhao Jinxin Feng Yuan Su Bo Wang Junxing Zhao college of {1. science Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguShanxi 030801People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feeding Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed ScienceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193People’s Republic of China

Background Vitamin A(VA)and its metabolite,retinoic acid(RA),are of great interest for their wide range of physiological ***,the regulatory contribution of VA to mitochondrial and muscle fiber composition in sheep has not been *** Lambs were injected with 0(control)or 7,500 IU VA palmitate into the biceps femoris muscle on d 2 after *** the age of 3 and 32 weeks,longissimus dorsi(LD)muscle samples were obtained to explore the effect of VA on myofiber type *** vitro,we investigated the effects of RA on myofiber type composition and intrinsic *** The proportion of type I myofiber was greatly increased in VA-treated sheep in LD muscle at *** greatly promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and function in LD muscle of *** exploration revealed that VA elevated PGC-1.mRNA and protein contents,and enhanced the level of p38 MAPK phosphorylation in LD muscle of *** addition,the number of type I myofibers with RA treatment was significantly increased,and type IIx myofibers was significantly decreased in primary *** with in vivo experiment,RA significantly improved mitochondrial biogenesis and function in primary myoblasts of *** then used si-PGC-1.to inhibit PGC-1.expression and found that si-PGC-1.significantly abrogated RA-induced the formation of type I myofibers,mitochondrial biogenesis,MitoTracker staining intensity,UQCRC1.and ATP5A1.expression,SDH activity,and enhanced the level of type IIx muscle *** data suggested that RA improved mitochondrial biogenesis and function by promoting PGC-1.expression,and increased type I *** order to prove that the effect of RA on the level of PGC-1.is caused by p38 MAPK signaling,we inhibited the p38 MAPK signaling using a p38 MAPK inhibitor,which significantly reduced RA-induced PGC-1.and MyHC I *** VA promoted PGC-1.expression through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway,improved mitochondrial biogenesis,and altered

关键词： Mitochondria Muscle fiber type PGC-1. p38 MAPK Retinoic acid Vitamin A

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