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A Public health mission in Canada in response to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic

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Global health Journal 2022年第4期6卷 231-236页

作者： Marie Lavoie Department of Economics the Glendon School of Public and International AffairsGlendon CampusYork UniversityTorontoOntario M4N 3M6Canada

Many governments in the world reacted to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic by swiftly offering stimulus packages to their populations.While public unpreparedness was dramatic,it was not unexpected:many alarms had been sounded.Strategies by the federal and various provincial governments of Canada in core sectors predis-posed the country to the current situation and weakened its capacity to respond adequately.This paper reviews the cumulative effects of these strategic orientations:a deficient investment strategy in fundamental science;dis-connect between laboratory work and the country's capacity to produce vaccines and antiviral drugs;the priority of cost efficiency that led to overwhelming dependency on foreign production of medical supplies;and dramatic spending cuts in Public health.We will discuss a Mission strategy to exit the crisis that takes a long-term perspec-tive,in which public interest and Public health,combined with a strong State leadership,stimulate innovation and collaboration between national and international actors.

关键词： Fundamental research Innovation Mission Public health Pandemic

Prediction of COVID-19 Cases Using Machine Learning for Effective Public health Management

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第3期66卷 2265-2282页

作者： Fahad Ahmad Saleh N.Almuayqil Mamoona Humayun Shahid Naseem Wasim Ahmad Khan Kashaf Junaid Department of Computer Sciences Kinnaird College for WomenLahore54000Pakistan Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakakaAljouf72341Saudi Arabia Division of Computer Science&Information Technology University of EducationLahore54000Pakistan School of Computer Science National College of Business Administration&EconomicsLahore54000Pakistan Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences College of Applied Medical SciencesJouf UniversitySakakaAljouf72341Saudi Arabia

COVID-19 is a pandemic that has affected nearly every country in the world.At present,sustainable development in the area of Public health is considered vital to securing a promising and prosperous future for humans.However,widespread diseases,such as COVID-19,create numerous challenges to this goal,and some of those challenges are not yet defined.In this study,a Shallow Single-Layer Perceptron Neural Network(SSLPNN)and Gaussian Process Regression(GPR)model were used for the classification and prediction of confirmed COVID-19 cases in five geographically distributed regions of Asia with diverse settings and environmental conditions:namely,China,South Korea,Japan,Saudi Arabia,and Pakistan.Significant environmental and non-environmental features were taken as the input dataset,and confirmed COVID-19 cases were taken as the output dataset.A correlation analysis was done to identify patterns in the cases related to fluctuations in the associated variables.The results of this study established that the population and air quality index of a region had a statistically significant influence on the cases.However,age and the human development index had a negative influence on the cases.The proposed SSLPNN-based classification model performed well when predicting the classes of confirmed cases.During training,the binary classification model was highly accurate,with a Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)of 0.91.Likewise,the results of the regression analysis using the GPR technique with Matern 5/2 were highly accurate(RMSE=0.95239)when predicting the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in an area.However,dynamic management has occupied a core place in studies on the sustainable development of Public health but dynamic management depends on proactive strategies based on statistically verified approaches,like Artificial Intelligence(AI).In this study,an SSLPNN model has been trained to fit Public health associated data into an appropriate class,allowing GPR to predict the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in an area based on the given

关键词： Public health sustainable development artificial intelligence SARSCoV-2 shallow single-layer perceptron neural network binary classification gaussian process regression

Uncertainty in Public health models treated by differential inclusions

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2020年第4期11卷 224-236页

作者： Stanislaw Raczynski Faculty of Engineering Universidad Panamericana Augusto Rodin No.49803920 Mexico CityD.F.Mexico

An application of differential inclusions in the epidemic spread models is presented.Some mostly used epidemic models are discussed here,and a brief survey of epidemic modeling is given.Most of the models are some modifications of the Susceptible–Infected–Recovered model.Simple simulations are carried out.Then,we consider the influence of some uncertain parameters.It is pointed out that the presence of some fluctuating model parameters can be treated by differential inclusions.The solution to such differential inclusion is given in the form of reachable sets for model variables.Here,we focus on the differential inclusion application rather than the model construction.

关键词： Modeling simulation epidemics Public health sensitivity differential inclusions.

Public health preparedness and responses to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic in South Asia:a situation and policy analysis

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Global health Journal 2020年第4期4卷 121-132页

作者： Amitabha Sarkar Guangqi Liu Yinzi Jin Zheng Xie Zhi-Jie Zheng Centre of Social Medicine and Community health School of Social Sciences(Building-II)Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Mehrauli RoadNew Delhi 110067India Department of Global health School of Public HealthPeking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Institute for Global health Peking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China

Like rest of the world,the South Asian region is facing enormous challenges with the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.The socio-economic context of the eight South Asian countries is averse to any longterm lockdown program,but the region still observed stringent lockdown close to two months.This paper analyzed major measures in Public health preparedness and responses in those countries in the pandemic.The research was based on a situation analysis to discuss appropriate plan for epidemic preparedness,strategies for prevention and control measures,and adequate response management mechanism.Based on the data from March 21 to June 26,2020,it appeared lockdown program along with other control measures were not as effective to arrest the exponential growth of fortnightly COVID-19 cases in Afghanistan,Bangladesh,India,Nepal and Pakistan.However,Bhutan,Maldives and Sri Lanka have been successfully limiting the spread of the disease.The in-depth analysis of prevention and control measures espoused densely populated context of South Asia needs community-led intervention strategy,such as case containment,in order to reverse the growing trend,and adopt the policy of mitigation instead of suppression to formulate COVID-19 action plan.On the other hand,mechanism for response management encompassed a four-tier approach of governance to weave community-led local bodies with state,national and international governance actors for enhancing the countries’emergency operation system.It is concluded resource-crunch countries in South Asia are unable to cope with the disproportionate demand of capital and skilled health care workforce at the time of the pandemic.Hence,response management needs an approach of governance maximization instead of resource maximization.The epidemiologic management of population coupled with suitable Public health prevention and control measures may be a more appropriate strategy to strike a balance between economy and population health during the time of pandemic.

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 Pandemic Intervention strategy Epidemiological management Public health South Asia

Differences and determinants in access to essential Public health services in China： a case study with hypertension people and under-sixes as target population

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第9期127卷 1626-1632页

作者： Niu Hongli Tian Miaomiao Ma Anning Wang Chunping Zhang Liang School of Medicine and health Management Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430030 China Center for Policy and health Management Chinese Academy oI Medical Sciences Beijing 100020 China School of Public health Weifang Medical University Weifang Shandong 261053 China

Background Since 2009, health reform had launched in China and essential Public health services were provided for all residents to ensure service equity and accessibility, and to achieve sustained population-wide health improvement. This study aimed to investigate the differences and determinants among populations with different characteristics access to essential Public health services in China, especially hypertension people and children aged 0-6 years. Methods A cross-sectional study with socio-demographic data analysis was undertaken to estimate distribution characteristics of receiving essential Public health services of hypertension patients and children. Regular follow-ups and effective blood pressure control reflected the effective management for hypertension patients, and for children, public services provided were vaccination on schedule and regular physical check-up. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors for effective management. Results A total of 1 505 hypertension patients and 749 children were involved; 39.14% of hypertension participants could control their blood pressure in the normal range, and the rate in urban areas （43.61%） was higher than that in rural （31.88%）. And 34.68% of them could receive more than 4 times follow-ups by the medical technician. Of 754 children, 79.84% could receive the periodic physical examination and 98.40% had vaccinated regularly. Children living in rural areas were more likely to have regular check-ups （83.96%） and regular vaccination （nearly 99%）. Overall, geographic location and education level were the determinants of people access to essential Public health services. Conclusions Implementation of the health reform since 2009 has headed China＇s Public health system in the right direction and promoted the improvement of Public health system development. Our study highlights the growing needs for more Public health services in China, and China＇s Public health system needs to be greatly improved in terms of its quality and accessibility.

关键词： Public health individual difference epidemiologic determinants

INTEGRATING COMPLEX SYSTEM DYNAMICS OF PANDEMIC INFLUENZA WITH A MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING MODEL FOR EVALUATING Public health STRATEGIES

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2013年第3期22卷 319-339页

作者： Ozgur M ARAZ College of Public health University of Nebraska Medical CenterUSA

Recent developments in computational sciences and computer modeling have allowed emergency preparedness exercises to include simulation models as supporting tools. These simulation models are generally built for predicting temporal and geographic patterns of disease spread. However sole use of simulation models in exercise design falls short in terms of incorporating policy decision makers＇ preferences into decision-making processes. In this paper, a general framework for exercising Public health preparedness plans with a decision support system is presented to integrate estimation of key epidemiological parameters with a system dynamics model of an outbreak. A multi-criteria decision making framework, an Analytical Hierarchy Process model, is then developed and integrated with the simulation model to help Public health policy makers prioritize their response goals and evaluate mitigation strategies in a table-top exercise environment.

关键词： Multi-criteria decision making analytical hierarchy process Public health preparedness exercises pandemic influenza modeling complex systems

医疗体系建构与公共意识培育并重的公共卫生危机应对机制探讨——以日本为例

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China City Planning Review 2020年第3期29卷 34-43页

作者： Akihara Masato 黄鹤陈小辉 Li Li School of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning Fuzhou UniversityFuzhouP.R.China School of Architecture Tsinghua UniversityBeijingP.R.China

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented worldwide shutdown,and made urban planning reflect on and discuss how to respond to Public health crises.Japan’s medical system has been repeatedly rated as the world’s number one by the World health Organization.This paper analyzes Japan’s diversifed medical facility system,its prevention and control mechanism regarding Public health emergencies,and the cultivation of social public awareness,and points out that the Japanese Public health crisis response mechanism is characterized by an equal emphasis on the construction of the medical system and the cultivation of public awareness.It is proposed that an effective way to respond to daily medical needs and irregular Public health security crises is to improve the community medical quality and grant administrative power to the director of Public health centers,promote the"urbanization of people"with public awareness,and improve the resilience of the medical and health system.

关键词： urban governance community planning Public health medical area Japan

Comments by opponents on the British Medical Association’s guidance on non-therapeutic male circumcision of children seem one-sided and may undermine Public health

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2023年第5期12卷 244-262页

作者： Stephen Moreton Guy Cox Mark Sheldon Stefan A Bailis Jeffrey D Klausner Brian J Morris CircFacts Warrington WA51HYCheshireUnited Kingdom Australian Centre for Microscopy&Microanalysis and School of Aeronautical Mechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydney 2006New South WalesAustralia Medical Humanities and Bioethics Program Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60661United States Cornerstone Therapy&Recovery Center St.PaulMN 55101United States Department of Medicine Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States School of Medical Sciences University of SydneySydney 2006New South WalesAustralia

The British Medical Association(BMA)guidance on non-therapeutic circumcision(NTMC)of male children is limited to ethical,legal and religious issues.Here we evaluate criticisms of the BMA’s guidance by Lempert et al.While their arguments promoting autonomy and consent might be superficially appealing,their claim of high procedural risks and negligible benefits seem one-sided and contrast with high quality evidence of low risk and lifelong benefits.Extensive literature reviews by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in developing evidence-based policies,as well as risk-benefit analyses,have found that the medical benefits of infant NTMC greatly exceed the risks,and there is no reduction in sexual function and pleasure.The BMA’s failure to consider the medical benefits of early childhood NTMC may partly explain why this prophylactic intervention is discouraged in the United Kingdom.The consequence is higher prevalence of preventable infections,adverse medical conditions,suffering and net costs to the UK’s National health Service for treatment of these.Many of the issues and contradictions in the BMA guidance identified by Lempert et al stem from the BMA’s guidance not being sufficiently evidence-based.Indeed,that document called for a review by others of the medical issues surrounding NTMC.While societal factors apply,ultimately,NTMC can only be justified rationally on scientific,evidence-based grounds.Parents are entitled to an accurate presentation of the medical evidence so that they can make an informed decision.Their decision either for or against NTMC should then be respected.

关键词： Circumcision,Male Child Infections Risk Policy Public health

Endemicity of H9N2 and H5N1 avian influenza viruses in poultry in China poses a serious threat to poultry industry and Public health

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016年第1期3卷 11-24页

作者： Jiao HU Xiufan LIU Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory School of Veterinary MedicineJiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis Yangzhou University

The H9N2 and H5N1 avian in fluenza viruses(AIVs) have been circulating in poultry in China and become endemic since 1998 and 2004, respectively.Currently, they are prevalent in poultry throughout China. This endemicity makes them actively involved in the emergence of the novel lineages of other subtypes of in fluenza viruses, such as the well-known viruses of the highly pathogenic avian in fluenza(HPAI) H5N2 and the2013 novel H7N7, H7N9 and H10N8 subtypes, thereby threatening both the poultry industry and Public health.Here, we will review brie fly the prevalence and evolution,pathogenicity, transmission, and disease control of these two subtypes and also discuss the possibility of emergence of potentially virulent and highly transmissible AIVs to humans.

关键词： avian influenza virus H9N2 H5N1 novel viruses Public health