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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第9期12卷 1544-1550页

作者： Yun Li Wen Xu Li-yu Cheng Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery Beijing Tong Ren Hospital Capital Medical University Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery Ministry of Education

Medialization thyroplasty or injection laryngoplasty for unilateral vocal fold paralysis cannot restore mobility of the vocal fold. Recent studies have shown that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells is effective in the repair of nerve injuries. This study investigated wheth- er adipose-derived stem celt transplantation could repair recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Rat models of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury were established by crushing with micro forceps. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells （ADSCs; 8 ×105） or differentiated Schwann-like adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells （dADSCs; 8×105） or extracellular matrix were injected at the site of injury. At 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-surgery, a higher density of myelinated nerve fiber, thicker myelin sheath, improved vocal fold movement, better recovery of nerve conduction capacity and reduced thyroarytenoid muscle atrophy were found in ADSCs and dADSCs groups compared with the extracellu- lar matrix group. The effects were more pronounced in the ADSCs group than in the dADSCs group. These experimental results indicated that ADSCs transplantation could be an early interventional strategy to promote regeneration after recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.

关键词： nerve regeneration mesenchymal stem cell transplantation adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells recurrent laryngeal nerve larynx nerve injury functional recovery vocal fold cell differentiation neural regeneration

Interaction between Schwann cells and other cells during repair of peripheral nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第1期16卷 93-98页

作者： Wen-Rui Qu Zhe Zhu Jun Liu De-Biao Song Heng Tian Bing-Peng Chen Rui Li Ling-Xiao Deng Department of Hand Surgery the Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine the Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Orthopedic Medical Center the Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Spinal Cord and Brain injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteDepartment of Neurological SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA

Peripheral nerve injury(PNI)is common and,unlike damage to the central nervous system injured nerves can effectively regenerate depending on the location and severity of *** myelinating glia,Schwann cells(SCs),interact with various cells in and around the injury site and are important for debris elimination,repair,and nerve *** PNI,Wallerian degeneration of the distal stump is rapidly initiated by degeneration of damaged axons followed by morphologic changes in SCs and the recruitment of circulating *** with fibroblasts from the injured nerve microenvironment also plays a role in nerve *** replication and migration of injury-induced dedifferentiated SCs are also important in repairing the *** particular,SC migration stimulates axonal regeneration and subsequent myelination of regenerated nerve *** mobility increases SC interactions with other cells in the nerve and the exogenous environment,which influence SC behavior *** PNI,SCs directly and indirectly interact with other SCs,fibroblasts,and *** addition,the inter-and intracellular mechanisms that underlie morphological and functional changes in SCs following PNI still require further research to explain known phenomena and less understood cell-specific roles in the repair of the injured peripheral *** review provides a basic assessment of SC function post-PNI,as well as a more comprehensive evaluation of the literature concerning the SC interactions with macrophages and fibroblasts that can influence SC behavior and,ultimately,repair of the injured nerve.

关键词： axon regeneration cell-cell interactions nerve injury nerve repair peripheral nerve recovery regeneration repair Schwann cell migration

Protective Effect of Interleukin-1β on Motor Neurons after Sciatic nerve injury in Rats

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2004年第1期24卷 71-74页

作者：翁雨雄巴拉特洪光祥王发斌陈振斌黄启顺 Department of Hand Surgery

Protective effect of interleukin 1β (IL 1β) on motor neurons was studied after peripheral nerve injury. Twenty Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups randomly. The right sciatic nerve of each rat was resected. After silicon tubulization of sciatic nerve in rat, 15 μl 1 ng/ml IL 1β and PBS solution were injected into the silicon capsule respectively. Enzyme histochemistry was performed to show acetyle cholesterase (AchE) and nitric oxide staining (NOS) activity of spinal α motor neurons in spinal segments 2 weeks later. Neurons were counted and the diameter and cross sectional (c/s) area of neurons were analyzed by using computer image analysis system. The results showed that as compared with the normal side, both enzyme activities significantly changed in motor neurons in PBS group. The diameter and c/s area of both neurons changed significantly too ( Pnerve injury.

关键词： protective effect interleukin 1β motor neurons nerve injury

Mesenchymal stem cells’“garbage bags”at work:Treating radial nerve injury with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第5期16卷 467-478页

作者： Mazhar Mushtaq Doaa Hussein Zineldeen Muhammad Abdul Mateen Khawaja Husnain Haider Department of Basic Sciences Sulaiman AlRajhi UniversityAlbukairiyah 52736AlQaseemSaudi Arabia Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 6632110Egypt

Unlike central nervous system injuries,peripheral nerve injuries(PNIs)are often characterized by more or less successful axonal ***,structural and functional recovery is a senile process involving multifaceted cellular and molecular *** contemporary treatment options are limited,with surgical intervention as the gold-standard method;however,each treatment option has its associated limitations,especially when the injury is severe with a large *** advancements in cell-based therapy and cell-free therapy approaches using stem cell-derived soluble and insoluble components of the cell secretome are fast-emerging therapeutic approaches to treating acute and chronic *** recent pilot study is a leap forward in the field,which is expected to pave the way for more enormous,systematic,and well-designed clinical trials to assess the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a bio-drug either alone or as part of a combinatorial approach,in an attempt synergize the best of novel treatment approaches to address the complexity of the neural repair and regeneration.

关键词： Exosome Mesenchymal stem cells nerve injury Stem cells Secretome Regeneration

Nano-hydroxyapatite(n-HA)involved in the regeneration of rat nerve injury triggered by overloading stretch

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Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2019年第4期4卷 24-30页

作者： Meili Liu Chongquan Huang Zhijun Zhao Anqing Wang Ping Li Yubo Fan Gang Zhou Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing100083China Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing102402China Shenzhen Research Insititute of Beihang University Beihang UniversityShenzhen518057China National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids Beijing100176China

Damage of axon and glial scars formation both inhibit nerve regenerative growth during nerve *** addition,mechanical stretch at high displacement rates of 10%tensile strain can cause marked nerve injury,it is important for finding a proper nano biomaterial to repair nerve ***-hydroxyapatite(n-HA)has excellent biocompatibility and high bioactivity,which is a good candidate for biomedical engineering *** the certain mechanism of n-HA on the injured nerve is seldom *** this study,we determined the role of n-HA on the mechanical stretch-induced nerve injury at adult rat *** stretch under strain 10%at displacement rates of 60 mm/min can cause marked broken vessels and edema in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion tissue in haematoxylin-eosin(HE)***,n-HA application can reverse hemorrhage and edema triggered by high rates of 60 mm/min ***,n-HA can promote positive staining of Netrin-1 increase significantly in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion tested by immunohistochemistry(IHC)*** general,our study indicated that n-HA can repair mechanical stretch-induced nerve injury,it may provide a new approach to block injury and accelerate nerve regeneration in future.

关键词： Nano-hydroxyapatite(n-HA) Mechanical stretch nerve injury Netrin-1 nerve regeneration

A standardized method to create peripheral nerve injury in dogs using an automatic non-serrated forceps

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Neural Regeneration Research 2012年第32期7卷 2516-2521页

作者： Xuhui Wang Liang Wan Xinyuan Li Youqiang MenG Ningxi Zhu Min Yang Baohui Feng Wenchuan Zhang Shugan Zhu Shiting Li Department of Neurosurgery Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200092 China The Cranial nerve Disease Center of Shanghai Shanghai 200092 China

This study describes a method that not only generates an automatic and standardized crush injury in the skull base, but also provides investigators with the option to choose from a range of varying pressure revels. We designed an automatic, non-serrated forceps that exerts a varying force of 0 to 100 g and lasts for a defined period of 0 to 60 seconds. This device was then used to generate a crush injury to the right oculomotor nerve of dogs with a force of 10 g for 15 seconds, resulting in a deficit in the pupil-light reflex and ptosis. Further testing of our model with Toluidine-blue staining demonstrated that, at 2 weeks post-surgery disordered oculomotor nerve fibers, axonal loss, and a thinner than normal myelin sheath were visible. Electrophysiological examination showed occasional spontaneous potentials. Together, these data verified that the model for oculomotor nerve injury was successful, and that the forceps we designed can be used to establish standard mechanical injury models of peripheral nerves.

关键词： oculomotor nerve forceps instrument nerve injury model quantitation cranial nerve peripheral nerve neural regeneration

Routine exposure of recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery can prevent nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第17期8卷 1568-1575页

作者： Chenling Shen Mingliang Xiang Hao Wu Yan Ma Li Chen Lan Cheng Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Ear Institute Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

To determine the value of dissecting the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery with respect to preventing recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, we retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 5 344 patients undergoing thyroidectomy. Among these cases, 548 underwent dissection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, while 4 796 did not. There were 12 cases of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury following recurrent laryngeal nerve dissection （injury rate of 2.2%） and 512 cases of recurrenl laryngeal nerve injury in those not undergoing nerve dissection （injury rate of 10.7%）. This difference remained statistically significant between the two groups in terms of type of thyroid disease, type of surgery, and number of surgeries. Among the 548 cases undergoing recurrent laryngeal nerve dissection, 128 developed anatomical variations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve （incidence rate of 23.4%）, but no recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was found. In addition, the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was significantly lower in patients with the infedor parathyroid gland and middle thyroid veins used as landmarks for locating the recurrent laryngeal nerve compared with those with the entry of the recurrent laryngeal nerve into the larynx as a landmark. These findings indicate that anatomical variations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve are common, and that dissecting the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery is an effective means of preventing nerve injury.

关键词： neural regeneration peripheral nerve injury thyroid diseases nerve injury thyroidectomy recurrentlaryngeal nerve dissection nerve anatomy variations inferior parathyroid gland middle thyroidvein grants-supported paper neuroregeneration

Role of inflammatory cytokines in peripheral nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2012年第29期7卷 2259-2266页

作者： Federica Fregnan Luisa Muratori Anabel Rodriguez Simǒes Maria Giuseppina Giacobini-Robecchi Stefania Raimondo Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences University of TurinOrbassano 10043 TurinItaly Neuroscience Institute of the "Cavalieri Ottolenghi" Foundation Orbassano 10043TurinItaly

Inflammatory events occurring in the distal part of an injured peripheral nerve have, nowadays, a great resonance. Investigating the timing of action of the several cytokines in the important stages of Wallerian degeneration helps to understand the regenerative process and design pharmacologic intervention that promotes and expedites recovery. The complex and synergistic action of inflammatory cytokines finally promotes axonal regeneration. Cytokines can be divided into pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that upregulate and downregulate, respectively, the production of inflammatory mediators. While pro-inflammatory cytokines are expressed in the first phase of Wallerian degeneration and promote the recruitment of macrophages, anti-inflammatory cytokines are expressed after this recruitment and downregulate the production of all cytokines, thus determining the end of the process. In this review, we describe the major inflammatory cytokines involved in Wallerian degeneration and the early phases of nerve regeneration. In particular, we focus on interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-β, interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β.

关键词： pro-inflammatory cytokines anti-inflammatory cytokines inflammatory reaction peripheral nervoussystem nerve injury wallerian degeneration Schwann cells macrophage axonal regeneration myelin neural regeneration

Role of neuregulin-1 in peripheral nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2010年第14期5卷 1104-1108页

作者： Zhengdong Kong Zhiying Zhang Haiyan Lin Chuansen Zhang Department of Anatomy Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA Shanghai 200433 China

Peripheral nerve injury in humans often leads to permanent functional deficits. Schwann cells play an important role in the recovery of peripheral nerve injury by ensheathing axons and providing various neurotrophic factors. Neuregulin-1 （NRG-1） provides axonal signals, which allow dedifferentiation and rapid proliferation of Schwann cells. Subsequently, NRG-1 promotes axonal myelination and influences myelin thickness. Moreover, NRG-1 plays a critical role in synapse formation in the neuromuscular junction. These effects, together, suggest that NRG-1 promotes recovery of peripheral nerve injury.

关键词： neuregulin-1 nerve injury neurotrophic factors neuroregeneration peripheral nerve Schwann cells myelination review

Inhibitory Effect of Anisodamine on the Neuropathic Hyperalgesia Following Peripheral nerve injury (Ⅱ)

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Science China Mathematics 1993年第7期 824-834页

作者：谢益宽肖文华 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100005 PRC Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100005 PRC

Aperipheral neuropathy with hyperalgesia and allodynia was produced by loosely tying constrictive ligature around the left sciatic nerve of rats, i.v. injection of anisodamine 20mg/Kg abolished both neuropathic hyperalgesia responses to noxious radiant heat and ectopic discharges generated from the injured region of the nerve. Anisodanime applied either systemically or locally to the damaged area of the nerve not only ceased the spontaneous ectopic discharges recorded from Ato C fibers but also blocked the afferent ectopic discharge elicited by Kchannel blocker, noradrenaline, Caor antidromic stimulation of sciatic nerve proximal to the injured nerve area. The experiments indicated that anisodamine probably possessed a calcium channel blocker-like activity and produced selective block of the new channels in the injured area. It is suggested that anisodamine may be a candidate therapeutic agent in relieving hyperalgesia and allodynia following nerve injury.

关键词： nerve injury hyperalgesia neuropathic pain ectopic discharge anisodamine.