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Mechanism of action, benefits, and research gap in fermented soybean meal utilization as a high-quality protein source for Livestock and poultry

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 130-146页

作者： Modinat T.Lambo Haokai Ma Haosheng Zhang Peng Song Hongxiang Mao Guowen Cui Baisheng Dai Yang Li Yonggen Zhang College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co. Ltd College of Electrical Engineering and Information Northeast Agricultural University

Animal nutritionists have incessantly worked towards providing Livestock with high-quality plant protein feed resources.Soybean meal (SBM) has been an essential and predominantly adopted vegetable protein source in Livestock feeding for a long time;however,several SBM antinutrients could potentially impair the animal's performance and growth,limiting its use.Several processing methods have been employed to remove SBM antinutrients,including fermentation with fungal or bacterial microorganisms.According to the literature,fermentation,a traditional food processing method,could improve SBM's nutritional and functional properties,making it more suitable and beneficial to Livestock.The current interest in health-promoting functional feed,which can enhance the growth of animals,improve their immune system,and promote physiological benefits more than conventional feed,coupled with the ban on the use of antimicrobial growth promoters,has caused a renewed interest in the use of fermented SBM (FSBM) in Livestock diets.This review details the mechanism of SBM fermentation and its impacts on animal health and discusses the recent trend in the application and emerging advantages to Livestock while shedding light on the research gap that needs to be critically addressed in future studies.FSBM appears to be a multifunctional high-quality plant protein source for animals.Besides removing soybean antinutrients,beneficial bioactive peptides and digestive enzymes are produced during fermentation,providing probiotics,antioxidants,and immunomodulatory effects.Critical aspects regarding FSBM feeding to animals remain uncharted,such as the duration of fermentation,the influence of feeding on digestive tissue development,choice of microbial strain,and possible environmental impact.

关键词： Soybean meal Protein feed Fermentation Microorganism Livestock

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Improve meat production and virus resistance by simultaneously editing multiple genes in Livestock using Cas12i^(Max)

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 555-564页

作者： Jilong Ren Tang Hai Yangcan Chen Ke Sun Zhiqiang Han Jing Wang Chongyang Li Qingwei Wang Leyun Wang Huabing Zhu Dawei Yu Wei Li Shanjiang Zhao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China State Key Laboratoryf Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Instituteof ZooogyChinese Academyof SciencesBeijing 100101China Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Beijing 100101China Beijing Farm Animal Research Center Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated gene(Cas) system is continually optimized to achieve the most efficient gene editing effect. The Cas12i^(Max), a Cas12i variant, exhibits powerful DNA editing activity and enriches the gene editing toolbox. However, the application of Cas12i^(Max)in large domestic animals has not yet been reported. To verify the efficiency and feasibility of multiple gene editing in large animals, we generated porcine fibroblasts with simultaneous knockouts of IGF2, ANPEP, CD163,and MSTN via Cas12i^(Max)in one step. Phenotypically stable pigs were created through somatic cell nuclear transfer technology. They exhibited improved growth performance and muscle quality. Furthermore, we simultaneously edited three genes in bovine fibroblasts. A knockout of MSTN and PRNP was created and the amino acid Q-G in CD18 was precisely substituted. Meanwhile, no off-target phenomenon was observed by sum-type analysis or off-target detection. These results verified the effectiveness of Cas12i^(Max)for gene editing in Livestock animals and demonstrated the potential application of Cas12i^(Max)in the field of animal trait improvement for agricultural production.

关键词： Cas12i^(Max) gene editing Livestock multiple trait improvement

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First molecular identification of multiple tick‑borne pathogens in Livestock within Kassena‑Nankana,Ghana

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Animal Diseases 2023年第1期3卷 21-34页

作者： Seth Offei Addo Ronald Essah Bentil Kevin Nii Yartey Jane Ansah‑Owusu Eric Behene Selassie Bruku Victor Asoala Suzanne Mate John Asiedu Larbi Philip Kweku Baidoo Michael David Wilson Joseph W.Diclaro II Samuel K.Dadzie Parasitology Department Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical ResearchCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology College of ScienceKNUSTKumasiGhana Department of Epidemiology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical ResearchCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana Navrongo Health Research Centre Upper East RegionNavrongoGhana U.S.Army Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringMDUSA Navy and Marine Corps Public Health Center Center for Disease Control and Prevention DetachmentAtlantaGAUSA

The risk of pathogen transmission continues to increase significantly in the presence of tick vectors due to the trade of Livestock across countries.In Ghana,there is a lack of data on the incidence of tick-borne pathogens that are of zoonotic and veterinary importance.This study,therefore,aimed to determine the prevalence of such pathogens in Livestock using molecular approaches.A total of 276 dry blood spots were collected from cattle(100),sheep(95)and goats(81)in the Kassena-Nankana Districts.The samples were analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction(qPCR)and conventional assays and Sanger sequencing that targeted pathogens including Rickettsia,Coxiella,Babesia,Theileria,Ehrlichia and Anaplasma.An overall prevalence of 36.96%was recorded from the Livestock DBS,with mixed infections seen in 7.97%samples.Furthermore,the prevalence of infections in Livestock was recorded to be 19.21%in sheep,14.13%in cattle,and 3.62%in goats.The pathogens identified were Rickettsia spp.(3.26%),Babesia sp.Lintan(8.70%),Theileria orientalis(2.17%),Theileria parva(0.36%),Anaplasma capra(18.48%),Anaplasma phagocytophilum(1.81%),Anaplasma marginale(3.26%)and Anaplasma ovis(7.25%).This study reports the first molecular identification of the above-mentioned pathogens in Livestock in Ghana and highlights the use of dry blood spots in resource-limited settings.In addition,this research provides an update on tick-borne pathogens in Ghana,suggesting risks to Livestock production and human health.Further studies will be essential to establish the distribution and epidemiology of these pathogens in Ghana.

关键词： Livestock Rickettsia Babesia Theileria Ehrlichia Anaplasma

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THE SUMERIAN TERM u_(8)/ud_(5)/ab_(2)/eme_(3)/_(6)sila_(4)/maš_(2)/amar du_(3)(-a)

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Journal of Ancient Civilizations 2024年第1期39卷 1-28,123页

作者： Marcos Such-Gutiérrez Facultad de Filosofía y Letras Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

The aim of the present article is twofold:firstly,to prove that the expression animal+young du_(3)(-a),which is basically documented in texts from the 3rd millennium BC,refers to a dam that has just given birth,and se... 详细信息

关键词： 3rd millennium BC female animal+young du_(3)(-a) Livestock newborn suckling animal UrⅢperiod

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Ochratoxin A:Carryover from animal feed into Livestock and the mitigation strategies

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 56-63页

作者： Abirami Ramu Ganesan Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian Sungkwon Park Rajesh Jha Ines Andretta Archibold G.Bakare In Ho Kim Department of Food Science and Home Economics School of Applied SciencesCollege of EngineeringScience and TechnologyFiji National UniversitySuvaFiji Islands Department of Food Science and Biotechnology College of Life ScienceSejong UniversitySeoulSouth Korea Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUSA Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Faculdade de AgronomiaDepartment of Animal SciencePorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrazil Department of Animal Science College of AgricultureFisheries&ForestryFiji National UniversityFiji Islands Department of Animal Resource and Science Dankook UniversityCheonanSouth Korea

This review aims to highlight the effects of ochratoxin A(OTA)in the feed of meat-producing animals.The accumulation of OTA in feed and its distribution in various farm animals were compared and evaluated.Primarily,the oral administration of OTA-contaminated feed and the predisposition in an animal's vital organ were critically examined in this work.The collated reports show that OTA directly associated with endemic nephropathy and its high concentration leads to degeneration of liver cells,and necrosis of intestinal and lymphoid tissues.At present,limited reports are available in the recent liter-ature on the problems and consequences of OTA in feed.Therefore,this review focused on the OTA carryover from feed to farm animals and the interaction of its secondary metabolites on their biochemical parameters.Hence,this report provides greater insights into animal health related to OTA residues in meat and meat products.This article also explores mitigation strategies that can be used to prevent the carryover effects of OTA in Livestock feeds and the effects in the food chain.

关键词： Ochratoxin A Feed Livestock Meat Mitigation strategy

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Livestock detection in aerial images using a fully convolutional network

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Computational Visual Media 2019年第2期5卷 221-228页

作者： Liang Han Pin Tao Ralph R.Martin Department of Computer Technology and Application Qinghai UniversityXiningChina Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff UniversityCardiffWalesUK

In order to accurately count the number of animals grazing on grassland, we present a Livestock detection algorithm using modified versions of U-net and Google Inception-v4 net. This method works well to detect dense and touching instances. We also introduce a dataset for Livestock detection in aerial images, consisting of 89 aerial images collected by quadcopter. Each image has resolution of about 3000 ×4000 pixels, and contains Livestock with varying shapes,scales, and orientations.We evaluate our method by comparison against Faster RCNN and Yolo-v3 algorithms using our aerial Livestock dataset. The average precision of our method is better than Yolo-v3 and is comparable to Faster RCNN.

关键词： Livestock detection segmentation classification

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Experimental investigation of evaporative cooling systems for agricultural storage and Livestock air-conditioning in Pakistan

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Building Simulation 2021年第3期14卷 617-631页

作者： Hafiz M.U.Raza Muhammad Sultan Majid Bahrami Alamgir A.Khan Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityBosan RoadMultan 60800Pakistan Laboratory for Alternative Energy Conversion(LAEC) School of Mechatronic Systems EngineeringSimon Fraser UniversitySurreyBCCanada Department of Agricultural Engineering Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University ofAgricultureMultan 60000Pakistan

Evaporative cooling(EC)is an ancient technique that is usually suitable for hot and dry climatic conditions due to the potential of water vapor evaporation.In this study,three kinds of evaporative cooling systems such as direct EC(DEC),indirect EC(IEC),and Maisotsenko cycle EC(MEC)were locally developed at lab-scale.The performance of the systems was evaluated and compared for agricultural storage and Livestock air-conditioning application in Pakistan.The experiments were performed for climatic conditions of Multan city(Pakistan)and the data were collected for hourly and daily basis.According to the results,it was observed that the DEC system has the ability to reduce the temperature of ambient air to an average of 8.5℃.Whilst IEC and MEC systems were able to drop the temperature of ambient air to an average of 6.8℃and 8.9℃,respectively.As per the results,the DEC system remained behind to provide desired conditions for Livestock and agricultural product storage applications due to excessive humidity.On the other hand,the IEC and MEC systems can achieve the desired conditions for Livestock application,but could not provide feasible conditions for various fruits and vegetable storage.The study concludes that hybrid EC systems can be developed to provide desired conditions for a wide range of applications under varying climatic conditions.

关键词： evaporative cooling air-conditioning dew-point wet-bulb storage Livestock

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Perspectives of pluripotent stem cells in Livestock

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2021年第1期13卷 1-29页

作者： Dharmendra Kumar Thirumala R Talluri Naresh L Selokar Iqbal Hyder Wilfried A Ku Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division ICARCentral Institute for Research on BuffaloesHisar 125001India Equine Production Campus ICAR-National Research Centre on EquinesBikaner 334001India Department of Physiology NTR College of Veterinary ScienceGannavaram 521102India Department of Biotechnology Friedrich-Loeffler-InstituteFederal Institute of Animal HealthNeustadt 31535Germany

The recent progress in derivation of pluripotent stem cells(PSCs)from farm animals opens new approaches not only for reproduction,genetic engineering,treatment and conservation of these species,but also for screening novel drugs for their efficacy and toxicity,and modelling of human diseases.Initial attempts to derive PSCs from the inner cell mass of blastocyst stages in farm animals were largely unsuccessful as either the cells survived for only a few passages,or lost their cellular potency;indicating that the protocols which allowed the derivation of murine or human embryonic stem(ES)cells were not sufficient to support the maintenance of ES cells from farm animals.This scenario changed by the innovation of induced pluripotency and by the development of the 3 inhibitor culture conditions to support naïve pluripotency in ES cells from Livestock species.However,the long-term culture of Livestock PSCs while maintaining the full pluripotency is still challenging,and requires further refinements.Here,we review the current achievements in the derivation of PSCs from farm animals,and discuss the potential application areas.

关键词： Livestock Cellular reprogramming Chimera Cell-therapy Ontogenesis Pluripotency

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Competition for land resources:driving forces and consequences in crop-Livestock production systems of the Ethiopian highlands

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 333-347页

作者： Wuletaw Mekuria Kindu Mekonnen Peter Thorne Melkamu Bezabih Lulseged Tamene Wuletawu Abera Centre for Rural Development College of Development StudiesAddis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia International Livestock Research Institute(ILRI) P.O.Box 5689Addis AbabaEthiopia International Center for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) P.O.Box 5689 Addis AbabaEthiopia

Introduction:Ethiopia has made efforts to tackle the challenges of low crop and Livestock productivity and degradation of land resources through various rural development strategies.However,increasing demands for food,animal feed,fuel,and income-generating activities are putting pressure on the land.In this paper,we describe the production pressure and competition between crop and Livestock production,quantify rates of land-use/cover(LULC)changes,and examine driving forces and consequences of land conversion.Methods:The study was conducted in Gudo Beret watershed,North Shewa Zone of Amhara region,Ethiopia.It used a combination of methods including remote sensing,household interviews,field observations,focus group discussions,and key informant interviews.Supervised and unsupervised image classification methods were employed to map LULC classes for 31 years(1984–2016).Results:The results of satellite remote sensing revealed that 51%of the land in the study area was subject to accelerated land conversions.The household survey results indicated that feed resources and grain production pressures were 1.43 and 1.34 t ha^(−1) respectively.The observed annual changes in plantation and settlement areas were 2.6%and 2.9%.This was mainly at the expense of bushland and grazing land systems.Cropland increased(0.4%year^(−1))while grazing land reduced(3.5%year^(−1))under contrasting dynamics and competitive changes.An increase in human and Livestock populations and farm expansion were major drivers of land conversion that adversely affected household livelihoods and the natural ecosystem.The consequences of these pressures resulted in a lack of animal feed,low crop-Livestock productivity,and a reduction in natural vegetation coverage.Conclusions:We suggest that sustainable land resource management,more integrated crop-Livestock production,and the use of productivity-enhancing technologies could play a role in managing competition for land resources.

关键词： Cropland Land pressure Livestock Population growth Production dynamics

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Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from Livestock production systems in South Africa

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第6期19卷 1656-1670页

作者： Bongekile NGOBESE Oliver Tendayi ZISHIRI Mohamed Ezzat EL ZOWALATY Discipline of Genetics School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000South Africa Zoonosis Science Center Department of Medical Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUppsala UniversityUppsala SE-75185Sweden Infectious Diseases and Anti-Infective Therapy Research Group College of Pharmacy and Sharjah Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SharjahSharjah 27272UAE

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide.Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infectio ns.This study was con ducted to identify virule nceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from Livestock production systems in South Africa.A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50),chickens(n=50),goats(n=50),sheep(n=50)and pigs(n=50)were randomly collected from Livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018.The samples were an a lyzed for the presence of virule nee genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods.It was found that 77 and 23%of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the Livestock samples.There were positive significant(PLivestock species on the presenee or absenee of virule nee gen es.The study dem on strated that most of Livestock species can pote ntially cause zoonotic infecti on s and food pois oning due to the high prevale nee of Campylobacter.The high prevale nee of virule nee genes highlights the sign ifica nee of Campylobacter\r\Livestock production systems in South Africa.This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.

关键词： Campylobacter zoonotic cytotoxicity pathogenicity virulenee campylobacteriosis foodbome Livestock PCR one-health

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