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Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with direct-acting antivirals: The role of resistance

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第29期22卷 6573-6581页

作者： Miguel Jiménez-Pérez Rocío González-Grande Pilar Espana Contreras Isabel Pinazo Martínez Jesús de la cruz Lombardo Raúl Olmedo Martín UGC de Aparato Digestivo Unidad de Hepatologia-Trasplante Hepatico Hospital Universitario Regional de Malaga 29010 Malaga Spain Liver transplantation and hepatology unit UGC de Aparato Digestivo Hospital Regional Universitario 29010 Malaga Spain

The use of direct-acting antivirals(DAAs) to treat chronic hepatitis C has resulted in a significant increase in rates of sustained viral response(around 90%-95%) as compared with the standard treatment of peginterferon/ribavirin. despite this, however, the rates of therapeutic failure in daily clinical practice range from 10%-15%. Most of these cases are due to the presence of resistant viral variants, resulting from mutations produced by substitutions of amino acids in the viral target protein that reduce viral sensitivity to DAAs, thus limiting the efficacy of these drugs. The high genetic diversity of hepatitis C virus has resulted in the existence of resistance-associated variants(RAVs), sometimes even before starting treatment with DAAs, though generally at low levels. These preexisting RAVs do not appear to impact on the sustained viral response, whereas those that appear after DAA therapy could well be determinant in virological failure with future treatments. As well as the presence of RAVs, virological failure to treatment with DAAs is generally associated with other factors related with a poor response, such as the degree of fibrosis, the response to previous therapy, the viral load or the viral genotype. nonetheless, viral breakthrough and relapse can still occur in the absence of detectable RAVs and after the use of highly effective DAAs, so that the true clinical impact of the presence of RAVs in therapeutic failure remains to be determined.

关键词： Direct-acting antivirals Resistance Treatment Hepatitis C virus

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Thinking outside the black box:are the brain endothelial cells the new main target in Alzheimer's disease?

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neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2592-2598页

作者： Enrique Estudillo Adolfo López-Ornelas Alejandro Rodríguez-Oviedo neptali Gutiérrez de la cruz Marco Antonio Vargas-Hernández Adriana Jiménez laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco SuárezMexico CityMexico División de Investigación Hospital Juárez de MéxicoMexico CityMexico Hospital nacional Homeopático Hospitales Federales de ReferenciaMexico CityMexico Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico laboratorio de Morfología Escuela Militar de Graduados de SanidadSecretaría de la Defensa NacionalBatalla de CelayaLomas de SoteloMiguel HidalgoMexico CityMexico Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad Secretaría de la Defensa NacionalBatalla de CelayaLomas de SoteloMiguel HidalgoMexico CityMexico

The blood-brain barrier is the interface through which the brain interacts with the milieu and consists mainly of a sophisticated network of brain endothelial cells that forms blood vessels and selectively moves molecules inside and outside the brain through multiple mechanisms of *** brain endothelial cell function is crucial for brain homeostasis,their role in neurodegenerative diseases has historically not been considered with the same importance as other brain cells such as microglia,astroglia,neurons,or even molecules such as amyloid beta,Tau,or ***'s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease,and brain endothelial cell dysfunction has been reported by several ***,its impairment has barely been considered as a potential therapeutic *** we review the most recent advances in the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and brain endothelial cells commitment and analyze the possible mechanisms through which their alterations contribute to this neurodegenerative disease,highlighting their inflammatory phenotype and the possibility of an impaired secretory pattern of brain endothelial cells that could contribute to the progression of this ***,we discuss why shall brain endothelial cells be appreciated as a therapeutic target instead of solely an obstacle for delivering treatments to the injured brain in Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： dementia endothelial cells neurodegeneration neuroinflammation neuronal death paracellular transport transcellular transport

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The first meteorological observations at a tropical high elevation site:Antisana,1846

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第6期13卷 1047-1055页

作者： Aria Ma M.FARROnA fernando DOMInGUEZ-CASTRO Ma cruz GALLEGO Jose M.VAQUERO departamento de Fisica Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ExtremaduraBadajoz 06071Spain Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria(UC-CSIC) Santander 39005Spain departamento de Ingenieria Civily Ambiental Escuela Politecnica NacionalQuito 170112Ecuador Instituto nacional de Meteorologiae Hidrologia Quito 170135Ecuador instituto universitario de investigación del agua cambio climático y sostenibilidad (iacys) universidad de extremaduraBadajoz 06071，Spain departamento de física centro universitario de mérida universidad de extremaduraMerida 06800Spain

Antisana is a stratovolcano with an associated glacier located in the Ecuadorian Andes. Dr Aguirre made meteorological readings every day, at every hour from sunrise to sunset, from december 1845 to december 1846, at Antisana using a meteorological station at 4060 mamsl （meters above mean sea level）. Unfortunately, only the monthly average data have been preserved. These meteorological data are here studied and compared with the closest modern stations for monthly values of temperature, rainfall, and pressure. According to these comparisons, the year 1846 was rainy and cold in comparison with the current climate. Moreover, these observations have been useful to help resolve a debate about a possible E1nifio event in 1846 with the high precipitation in Antisana and Quito in 1846 discarding the occurrence of an E1 nifio event. The probable occurrence of a la nifia event is discussed. These data are the earliest known systematic instrumental meteorological observations taken at above 4000 mamsl.

关键词： Early instrumental records Glacier Pastclimate conditions

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Immobility Responses Affected by Potassium in Old Rats

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2020年第9期11卷 235-250页

作者： Linda garces-ramirez Oscar OMorales-Dionisio Gonzalo Flores JoseLuna-Munoz Fidel de la cruz departamento de Fisiologia“Mauricio Russek Berman” Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiologicasInstituto Politecnico NacionalCiudad de MexicoMexico laboratorio de neuropsiquiatria Instituto de FisiologiaBenemerita Universidad Autonoma de PueblaPueblaMexico national dementia BioBank Ciencias BiologicasFacultad de Estudios SuperioresCuautitlanUNAMEstado de MexicoMexico Banco nacional de Cerebros-UnPHU Universidad Nacional Pedro Hernriquez UrenaSanto DomingoRepublica Dominicana

Four immobility responses (IR): elicited by clamping, bandaging, grasping and inversion, and their modification by potassium and spironolactone was studied in old Wistar rats (body weight, 500 g). When undrugged, only... 详细信息

Four immobility responses (IR): elicited by clamping, bandaging, grasping and inversion, and their modification by potassium and spironolactone wn>as studied in old Wistar rats (body weight, 500 g). When undrugged, only clamping and grasping, but not bandaging and inversion induced an IR in rats. Potassium and spironolactone significantly enhanced the duration of IR induced by clamping but not by grasping. They also induced an immobility response by bandaging, but not by inversion. The data suggest that IR induced by clamping and bandaging are somehow related to changes in the potassium serum levels. Consequently, such a relationship may be a suitable model to study some forms of paralysis in human beings which are related to changes in the potassium serum levels.

关键词： Immobility Responses (IR) Potassium Spironolactone Hyperkalemia Familial Periodic Paralysis

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Serum levels of chemokines in adolescents with major depression treated with fluoxetine

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2020年第8期10卷 175-186页

作者： Francisco Rafael de la Peña Carlos cruz-Fuentes Lino Palacios Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez Emilio Medina-Rivero Maria Dolores Ponce-Regalado Samantha Alvarez-Herrera Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez Enrique Becerril-Villanueva JoséLuis Maldonado-garcía María C Jiménez-Martínez Lenin Pavón Adolescent Clinic Clinical ServicesNational Institute of Psychiatry“Ramón de la Fuente”Mexico City 14370Mexico department of Psychiatric Genetics Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Psychiatry“Ramón de la Fuente”Mexico City 14370Mexico Universidad Autónoma de nayarit Laboratorio de InmunotoxicologíaBoulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/nCd de la Cultura Amado NervoTepic 63000Mexico Centro nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C.laboratorio nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria-Unidad nayarit Calle Tres s/n.Cd IndustrialTepic 63000NayaritMexico Unidad de desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalUnidad Profesional Lázaro CárdenasMexico City 11340Mexico departamento de Ciencias de Salud Centro Universitario de los AltosUniversidad de Guadalajara Av Rafael Casillas Aceves No.1200Tepatitlán de MorelosJalisco47610Mexico laboratory of Psychoimmunology National Institute of Psychiatry“Ramón de la Fuente”Mexico City 14370Mexico department of Immunology and Research Unit Institute of Ophthalmology“Conde de Valenciana Foundation”Mexico City 06800Mexico department of Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineNational Autonomous University of MexicoMexico City 04510Mexico

BACKGROUnD Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a global health issue that affects 350 million people of all *** between 2%and 5.6%of affected individuals are adolescents,research on young patients is *** inflammatory response contributes to the onset of depression,and in adult MDD patients,symptom severity has been linked to chemokine *** To determine the differences in circulatory levels of chemokines in healthy volunteers(HVs)and adolescents with MDD,and assess the changes induced by fluoxetine *** The 22 adolescents with MDD were monitored during the first 8 wk of clinical follow-up and clinical psychiatric evaluation was done using the Hamilton depresión rating scale(HDRS).The serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-1α,MIP-1β,interleukin(IL)-8,interferon gamma-induced protein(IP)-10,and eotaxin were measured in patients and *** In all cases,significant differences were detected in circulating chemokine levels between patients before treatment and HVs(Pnes decreased at 4 wk,but only MCP-1 and IL-8 significantly differed(Pn 0 wk and 4 *** the patients,all chemokines rose to their initial concentrations by 8 wk vs 0 wk,but only IP-10 did so significantly(Pnts experienced a significant decrease in HDRS scores at 4 wk(Pnd 8 wk(Pdespite the consumption of fluoxetine,patients had significantly higher chemokine levels,even after considering the improvement in HDRS *** high levels of eotaxin,IP-10,and IL-8 partially explain certain aspects that are affected in MDD such as cognition,memory,and learning.

关键词： Adolescents Major depression Chemokine Fluoxetine Interferon gammainduced protein-10

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Anticardiolipin Antibody Isotype determination in Amniotic Fluid of Pregnant Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and/or Antiphospholipid Syndrome

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2014年第3期4卷 170-177页

作者： Xibillé-Friedmann Daniel Sánchez-Rodríguez Carmen cruz-cruz Polita garcía de la Torre Ignacio Jara-Quezada Luis Javier departamento de Perinatología Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia 3 Centro Médico Nacional La Raza Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social México Distrito Federal México departamento de Reumatología Hospital General de Cuernavaca “Dr. José G. Parres” Servicios de Salud de Morelos Cuernavaca Morelos México Ginecología y Obstetricia Torre Médica San Diego Cuernavaca Morelos México

Objective: To determine the levels and isotypes of aCl, as well as anti beta 2 glycoprotein 1 (antiβ2-GP1) antibodies in serum and amniotic fluid of pregnant patients with SLE and/or APLS, and healthy pregnant women serving as a control group. Material and Methods: We analyzed serum and amniotic fluid of pregnant patients with SLE and/or APLS, and of healthy pregnant women through ELISA. Results were compared using a Student’s T test. Results: 6 of 13 patients (46.1%), 5 with SLE and one with primary APLS had antiphospholipid antibodies in amniotic fluid. Two patients had IgG aCl and 4 patients had antiβ2-GP1 (one of them also showing IgM) in amniotic fluid. In serum, 4 patients (30%) had antiphospholipid antibodies present (one IgG aCl and three anti β2-GP1) as opposed to none in the control group having antiphospholipid antibodies in amniotic fluid. Only one control had IgM aCl in serum. Antiβ2-GP1 in the amniotic fluid of patients showed a statistically significant value when compared to controls. Conclusion: aCl and antiβ2-GP1 may be present in the amniotic fluid of patients with and without a history of fetal loss. The presence of IgM aCl and antiβ2-GP1 in amniotic fluid suggests its localized production.

关键词： Antiphospholipid Syndrome Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pregnancy Amniotic Fluid

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Hepatic lipid metabolism changes in short-and long-term prehepatic portal hypertensive rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第42期12卷 6828-6834页

作者： Maria-Angeles Aller Elena Vara cruz garcía Maria-Paz nava Alejandra Angulo fernando Sánchez-Patán Ana Calderón Patri Vergara Jaime Arias SurgeryⅠ department School of Medicine Complutense University of Madrid Spain Biochemical and Molecular Biology department School of Medicine Complutense University of Madrid Spain Animal Physiology department (Physiology Ⅱ) School of Biological Sciences Complutense University of Madrid Spain Physiology Unit. Veterinary School Autonoma University of Barcelona Bellaterra Catalua Spain

AIM: To verify the impairment of the hepatic lipid metabolism in prehepatic portal hypertension. METHODS: The concentrations of free fatty acids, diacylglycerol, triglycerides, and phospholipids were assayed by using D-[U-14C] glucose incorporation in the different lipid fractions and thin-layer chromatography and cholesterol was measured by spectrophotometry, in liver samples of Wistar rats with partial portal vein ligation at short- (1 mo) and long-term (1 year) (i.e. portal hypertensive rats) and the control rats. RESULTS: In the portal hypertensive rats, liver phospholipid synthesis significantly decreased (7.42 ± 0.50 vs 4.70 ± 0.44 nCi/g protein; P nd was associated with an increased synthesis of free fatty acids (2.08 ± 0.14 vs 3.36 ± 0.33 nCi/g protein; P nCi/g protein), triglycerides (2.40 ± 0.30 vs 4.49 ± 0.15 nCi/g protein) and cholesterol (24.28 ± 2.12 vs 57.66 ± 3.26 mg/g protein; P nCLUSIOn: Prehepatic portal hypertension in rats impairs the liver lipid metabolism. This impairment consists in an increase in lipid deposits (triglycerides,diacylglycerol and cholesterol) in the liver, accompanied by a decrease in phospholipid synthesis.

关键词： Portal hypertension Free fatty acids Diacylglycerides Triglycerides Phospholipids Cholesterol

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Pesticides Recovery and detection from Agricultural Soil Leachates Using Gas Chromatography Masses with Electron Capture detector

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2017年第10期8卷 605-616页

作者： Lluvia Paola Medina-Armenta Gustavo cruz-Jiménez Margarita Teutli-León Luis A. garcía de la Rosa Rossy Feria-Reyes Chemistry department Guanajuato University Guanajuato Mexico Pharmacia department Guanajuato University Guanajuato Mexico Engineering department Distinguished Autonomous University of Puebla Puebla Mexico UPIG Chemistry Department National Polytechnic Institute Guanajuato Mexico

In this study, it is reported an analytical approach to recover organochlorine pesticides from a clay soil. Soil was physical and chemically characterized. Also pesticides extraction was carried out using packed columns and various aqueous media (H2O-milliQ, naOH, HCl, SDS, Triton X-114, Humic acids and Acetonitrile). The leachate samples were analyzed on an Agilent Technologies 6890n Gas Chromatograph with electron capture in a# AB002 Column 30.0 m × 250 μm × 0.25 μm calibrated, 25 psi pressure, flow 2.9 ml/min, temperature 25°C, ultra-high purity Helium as the entrainment gas and an elution time of 50 min. The results show that the highest extraction percentage of pollutants in the soil washing was obtained with acetonitrile recovering: p, p’-DDT (91.0%);p, p’-Dde (92.0%);p, p’-DDD (96.0%);aldrin (98.6%);dieldrin (98.0%). With Triton X-114, the extractions recovery was: p, p’-DDT (63.0%);p, p’-Dde (64.0%);p, p’-DDD (65.0%);aldrin (67.0%);dieldrin (72.0%). This study illustrates the potential Applicability of SPME for routine analysis of organochlorine pesticides in soils.

关键词： Leaching of Organochlorine Compounds Surfactants desorption of Pesticides Packed Columns Soil Gas Chromatography-ECD

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Geostatistical Analysis of the Colorada and Quimichule Canyons Located in Popocatépetl Volcano (Mexico) for the Prevention of natural Disasters

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第5期7卷 701-715页

作者： Rogelio ramos-Aguilar Patricia Máximo-Romero Blanca Susana Soto-cruz Salvador Alcántara-Iniesta María de la cruz Vázquez-garcía Engineering School Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla México Research Center of Semiconductor devices Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla México Bufete in Telecommunications and Systems Engineering México City México

This paper aims to contribute to the prevention of natural disasters and generate a complement to other similar studies. The Popocatépetl volcano has showed significant and constant activity since 1994. The Colorada and Quimichule canyons are located within its geologic structure;due to their topographic features, ejected volcanic material and torrential rains in the past recent years, they put nearby communities at risk. This work presents a geostatistical analysis to obtain the gravity acceleration, slope by the distance-elevation relation, height-gravity and the fluid force on the canyons. The conversion of UTM to geographical coordinates was made with the use of the program Traninv applying the ITRF2008 epoch 2010.0 Datum and the 14 Zone;the local gravity was calculated with the use of International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) and the statistical analysis was obtained with the use of the Geostatistical Environmental Assessment. The structural modeling was performed using Surfer, and the spending and force were calculated using hydrological models. The correlation analysis concluded that Quimichule has the greatest gravity and that it would transport lahars faster. Mapping, geomorphological and statistical techniques and models were applied in accordance with the study to obtain the results presented here.

关键词： natural Disasters Geostatistical Force Acceleration Gravity

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The optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from cactus pear(Opuntia ficus-indica) skin in a reflux system using response surface methodology

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第6期3卷 436-442页

作者： Aguirre Joya Jorge de la Garza Toledo Heliodoro Zugasti cruz Alejandro Belmares Cerda Ruth Aguilar Cristóbal no Food Research department School of ChemistryUniversidad Autonóma de Coahuila Basic Science department Universidad Autonóma Agraria Antonio Narro

Objective:To extract,quantify,and evaluate the phenolic content in Opuntia ficus-indica skin for their antioxidant capacity with three different methods(ABTS,DPPH,and lipid oxidation)and to optimize the extraction conditions[time,temperature and ethanol concentration)in a reflux ***:The extraction process was done using a reflux system.A San CristobalⅡexperimental design with three variables and three levels was *** variables evaluated were time of extraction(h),concentration of ethanol(%,v/v)and temperature(°C).The extraction process was optimized using a response surface ***:It was observed that at higher temperature more phenolic compounds were extracted,but the antioxidant capacity was *** optimum conditions for phenolic compounds extraction and antioxidant capacity mixing the three methods were as Follows:45%of ethanol,80℃and 2 hours of *** obtained in our results are little higher that other previously ***:It can he concluded the by-products of Opuntia ficus-indica represent a good source of natural antioxidants with possible applications in food,cosmetics or drugs industries.

关键词： Opuntia ficus-indica Reflux Phenolics Antioxidants Prickly pear Response surface methodology

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