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Tree diversity increases levels of herbivore damage in a subtropical forest canopy:evidence for dietary mixing by arthropods?

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 13-27页

作者： Matteo Brezzi Bernhard Schmid pascal A.Niklaus Andreas Schuldt Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center University of ZürichWinterthurerstr.190CH-8057 ZürichSwitzerland Institute of Ecology Animal Ecology GroupLeuphana University LueneburgScharnhorststr.1D-21335 LünebourgGermany

Aims Plant diversity has been linked to both increasing and decreasing levels of arthropod herbivore damage in different plant *** far,these links have mainly been studied in grasslands or in artificial tree plantations with low species ***,most studies provide results from newly established experimental plant communities where trophic links are not fully established or from stands of tree saplings that have not yet developed a ***,we test how tree diversity in a species-rich subtropical forest in China with fully developed tree canopy affects levels of herbivore damage caused by different arthropod feeding *** We established 27 plots of 30×30 m *** plots were selected randomly but with the constraint that they had to span a large range of tree diversity as required for comparative studies in contrast to sample *** recorded herbivore damage caused by arthropod feeding guilds(leaf chewers,leaf skeletonizers and sap feeders)on canopy leaves of all major tree *** Findings Levels of herbivore damage increased with tree species richness and tree phylogenetic *** effects were most pronounced for damage caused by leaf *** the two diversity measures were highly correlated,we additionally found a significant interaction between them,whereby species richness increased herbivory mostly at low levels of phylogenetic *** species with the lowest proportion of canopy leaf biomass in a plot tended to suffer the highest levels of herbivore damage,which is in contrast to expectations based on the resource concentration *** results are in agreement with expectations of the dietary mixing hypothesis where generalist herbivores with a broad spectrum of food plants benefit from increased resource diversity in tree species-rich forest patches.

关键词： arthropod herbivore damage feeding guilds forest canopy generalist herbivores leaf biomass resource dilution specialist herbivores tree species richness tree phylogenetic diversity

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Chaos generator for secure transmission using a sine map and an RLC series circuit

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 129-136页

作者： CHARG pascal FOURNIER-PRUNARET Danièle TAHA Abdel-Kaddous LATTIS EA no.4155 INSAToulouse University135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4France

This paper deals with the model analysis of a chaos generator for secure transmission. In this proposed system discrete value signals and continuous value signals are used together and are interacting one another. The main advantage of this system is that a discrete chaotic map can be implemented in the digital circuit with many parameters, and initial condition can be set with a great accuracy. Also, the problem of periodicity which is always encountered in any fully discrete systems can be avoided. A chaotic behavior study of the system is then provided, in which bifurcation phenomena are explained and chaotic attractors are shown. Finally, an asymptotic chaotic behavior of the proposed system is derived.

关键词： chaos generator nonlinear map hybrid circuit secure transmission

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Use of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第7期19卷 1040-1048页

作者： pascal Frei Luc Biedermann Ole Haagen Nielsen Gerhard Rogler Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Hospital of ZürichCH-8091 ZürichSwitzerland Department of Gastroenterology Medical SectionHerlev HospitalUniversity of CopenhagenDK-2730 HerlevDenmark

The use of thiopurines as immunosuppression for the treatment of refractory or chronic active inflammatory bowel disease is established for both Crohn's disease and ulcerative ***,many questions remain concerning the optimal treatment regimens of azathioprine,6-mercaptopurine and *** will briefly summarize dose recommendations,indications for thiopurine therapy and side effects which are relevant in clinical *** discuss some currently debated topics,including the combination of azathioprine and allopurinol,switching of thiopurine therapy in case of side effects,the use of azathioprine in pregnancy,the infection risk using thiopurines and the evidence when to stop *** reviews have been published on the thiopurine metabolic pathway which will not be discussed here in detail.

关键词： Thiopurines Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Immunosuppression Infection

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Leaf area increases with species richness in young experimental stands of subtropical trees

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 128-135页

作者： Siyi Peng Bernhard Schmid Josephine Haase pascal A.Niklaus Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZürichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZürichSwitzerland

Aims Most biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research has been carried out in grassland ecosystems,and little is known about whether forest ecosystems,in particular outside the temperate zone,respond ***,we tested whether productivity,assessed as leaf area index(LAI),increases with species richness in young experimental stands of subtropical trees,whether this response is similar for early-season leaf area(which is dominated by evergreens)and seasonal leaf area increase(which is dominated by deciduous species),and whether responses saturate at high species *** We used a planted tree biodiversity experiment in south-east China to test our *** was determined three times by digital hemispheric photography in 144 plots that had been planted with 400 trees each,forming communities with 1,2,4,8 or 16 tree *** Findings LAI increased significantly with tree species richness in the fifth year of stand ***,but weaker,statistically non-significant trends were observed 1 year *** did not observe leaf area overyielding and the presence of particularly productive and unproductive species explained large amounts of variation in leaf area,suggesting that selection-type effects contributed substantially to the biodiversity effects we found in this early phase of stand *** sizes were moderate to large and comparable in magnitude to the ones reported for grassland ***(and tropical)forests harbor substantial parts of global net primary production and are critical for the Earth’s carbon and hydrological cycle,and our results suggest that tree diversity critically supports these ecosystem services.

关键词： BEF-China digital hemispheric photography field biodiversity experiment overyielding subtropical forest

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Research for Industrial Robot Control by PLC Technology

Research for Industrial Robot Control by PLC Technology

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作者： Djembissi Fogue pascal 杭州电子科技大学

学位级别：硕士

2 1世纪的亚洲是机器人技术的时代,尤其在中国。随着不断变化的工业环境和工业质量标准的提高,中国成为整个工业机器人市场中规模最大、发展最快的国家,机器人不仅在制造业,而且在其他服务和社会领域都有可预见的需求。本论文是基于杭... 详细信息

2 1世纪的亚洲是机器人技术的时代,尤其在中国。随着不断变化的工业环境和工业质量标准的提高,中国成为整个工业机器人市场中规模最大、发展最快的国家,机器人不仅在制造业,而且在其他服务和社会领域都有可预见的需求。本论文是基于杭州电子科技大学计算机学院研究基础上进行的,旨在了解机器人控制系统。可编程逻辑控制器是一种常见的工业控制设备,它接受输入设备的数据并控制相应的工业设备,本论文的主要目的是研究利用可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）进行机器人控制的控制系统（机器控制）。PLC有5种编程语言,但我们将重点关注在其中的两种语言中,结构化文本（ST）在语法上类似于pascal,而功能块（FB）是包含在单个程序中的预定义程序（或函数）,其可以在梯形图中使用。本文采用TwinCAT软件,这是一个完整的开发环境。TwinCAT为PLC程序员提供了一种简单但强大的编程环境,它集中了编辑和调试等功能。本文详细地详述了机器人技术,并深入解释了机器人的使用方式以及使用机器人的社会经济影响。本文讨论了一些短期过渡问题,包括潜在的发展问题,给出了机器人影响工业批量生产的途径。展示了机器人对经济增长和提高就业率的影响。在工业界,自动化是工业发展中最重要和最基本的元素之一。主要作用是提高效率和生产力。自动化领域涉及了大部分领域,主要是在工业制造方面,此外,自动化应用于优质材料的锻造,例如医疗材料（X射线,设备射线照相等）,冰箱,汽车等。在自动化应用的领域,机器人手臂是其中重要的组成部分。目前,在快速增长的人类需求和社会需求面前,控制技术也需要进行相应的发展。本文所做的关于机器人手臂方面的研究,将进一步推进工业控制技术的发展,使我们的生活变得更加容易和便捷。

关键词：机器人LINKHOU LR4-R560 PLC 控制器LINKHOU RC40 BECKHOFF TWINCAT

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Precision micro-mechanical components in single crystal diamond by deep reactive ion etching

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2018年第1期4卷 278-285页

作者： Adrien Toros Marcell Kiss Teodoro Graziosi Hamed Sattari pascal Gallo Niels Quack EPFL STI IMT GR-QUACK Station 11CH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland LakeDiamond SA Rue Galilée 7CH-1400 Yverdon-les-BainsSwitzerland

The outstanding material properties of single crystal diamond have been at the origin of the long-standing interest in its exploitation for engineering of high-performance micro-and *** particular,the extreme mechanical hardness,the highest elastic modulus of any bulk material,low density,and the promise for low friction have spurred interest most notably for micro-mechanical and MEMS *** reactive ion etching of diamond has been reported previously,precision structuring of freestanding micro-mechanical components in single crystal diamond by deep reactive ion etching has hitherto remained elusive,related to limitations in the etch processes,such as the need of thick hard masks,micromasking effects,and limited etch *** this work,we report on an optimized reactive ion etching process of single crystal diamond overcoming several of these shortcomings at the same time,and present a robust and reliable method to produce fully released micro-mechanical components in single crystal *** an optimized Al/SiO_(2) hard mask and a high-intensity oxygen plasma etch process,we obtain etch rates exceeding 30μm/h and hard mask selectivity better than 1:*** demonstrate fully freestanding micro-mechanical components for mechanical watches made of pure single crystal *** components with a thickness of 150μm are defined by lithography and deep reactive ion etching,and exhibit sidewall angles of 82°–93°with surface roughness better than 200 nm rms,demonstrating the potential of this powerful technique for precision microstructuring of single crystal diamond.

关键词： exceeding diamond shortcomings

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Effects of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) powder on laying performance,egg quality,and serum biochemical parameters of Japanese quails

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第4期5卷 410-415页

作者： Nassim Moula Ahmed Sadoudi Leghel Touazi pascal Leroy Fikremariam Geda Department of Animal Production Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineLiege UniversityQuartier Vallee 2Liege B 4000Belgium Ecole Nationale Superieure Veterinaire Rue Issad AbbesOued SmarAlgiers 16000Algeria

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of stinging nettle powder(SNP) on laying performance,egg quality,and some selected serum biochemical parameters of *** hundred and forty-four 10-wk-old Japanese quails(initial body weight=199±18 g) were divided into 3 dietary treatment groups(basic diet without SNP [SNPO],SNPO with 3% SNP [SNP3],SNPO with 6% SNP [SNP6]) with 4 replicates of 12 quails for a rearing period of 12 *** 22 wk of age,the final body weights of the SNP3 and SNP6 groups were significantly(P=0.001) reduced compared to that of the SNPO *** feed intake was not statistically different among the *** mean number of eggs laid ranged from 65 to 69 with laying rates from 76.8% to 82.1%.The percentage of cracked eggs was not significantly different among the groups and ranged from 1.6% to 1.9%.The egg weight was similar and the feed conversion ratio was closer among the *** egg yolk cholesterol,serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in the SNP6 group were significantly reduced(P <0.001) compared to those of the SNPO *** Ca,P and Mg were not significantly influenced by the *** conclusion,the results demonstrated that the supplementation of SNP to the quail diet at the level of 6%reduced quail egg yolk cholesterol,serum total cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels and did not negatively influence quail performance.

关键词： Stinging nettle Japanese quail Performance Egg quality Serum parameters

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Shallow water equations for power law and Bingham fluids Dedicated to the NSFC-CNRS Chinese-French summer institute on fluid mechanics in 2010

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Science China Mathematics 2012年第2期55卷 277-283页

作者： FERNANDEZ-NIETO Enrique D. NOBLE pascal VILA Jean-Paul Departamento de Matemdtica Aplicada I Universidad de Sevilla 41012 Sevilla Spain Universite de Lyon Universitd Lyon1 Institut Camille Jordan UMR CNRS 520843 blvd du 11 novembre 1918 F-69622 ViUeurbanne Cedex France Institut de Mathdmatiques de Toulouse UMR CNRS 5219 INSA de Toulouse 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France

In this note, we provide a consistant thin layer theory for power law and Bingham incompressible fluids flowing down an inclined plane under the effect of gravity. The derivation of such equations is based on formal asymptotic expansions of solutions of Cauchy momentum equations in the shallow water scaling and in the neighbourhood of steady solutions so that we can close the average equations on the fluid height h and the total discharge rate q.

关键词： shallow water equations asymptotic analysis non-Newtonian fluids

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Orexins:A promising target to digestive cancers,inflammation,obesity and metabolism dysfunctions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第44期27卷 7582-7596页

作者： Alain Couvineau Thierry Voisin pascal Nicole Valerie Gratio Anne Blais INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center Team“From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases”labeled by“la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer”University of ParisDHU UNITYParis 75018France UMR PNCA AgroParisTechINRAUniversitéParis-SaclayParis 75005France

Hypothalamic neuropeptides named hypocretin/orexins which were identified in 1998 regulate critical functions such as wakefulness in the central nervous *** past 20 years had revealed that orexins/receptors system was also present in the peripheral nervous system where they participated to the regulation of multiple functions including blood pressure regulation,intestinal motility,hormone secretion,lipolyze and reproduction *** to these peripheral functions,it was found that orexins and their receptors were involved in various diseases such as acute/chronic inflammation,metabolic syndrome and *** present review suggests that orexins or the orexin neural circuitry represent potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of multiple pathologies related to inflammation including intestinal bowel disease,multiple sclerosis and septic shock,obesity and digestive cancers.

关键词： Orexin Neuropeptide G-protein coupled receptor superfamily Inflammation Metabolic syndrome Cancer

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Probiotic yeasts: Anti-inflammatory potential of various non-pathogenic strains in experimental colitis in mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第17期16卷 2134-2145页

作者： Benot Foligné Jo■lle Dewulf pascal Vandekerckove Georges Pignède Bruno Pot Institut Pasteur of Lille Lactic acid Bacteria & Mucosal ImmunityCenter for Infection and Immunity of Lille1 rue du Pr CalmetteBP 245F-59019 LilleFrance University of Lille Nord de France F-59000 LilleFrance Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8204F-59021 LilleFrance Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019F-59019 LilleFrance Lesaffre International Direction of Research and Developpement147 rue Gabriel PériBP 602759700 Marcq-en-BaroeulFrance

AIM: To evaluate the in vitro immunomodulation capacity of various non-pathogenic yeast strains and to investigate the ability of some of these food grade yeasts to prevent experimental colitis in ***: In vitro immunomodulation was assessed by measuring cytokines [interleukin (IL)-12p70,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor and interferon γ] released by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after 24 h stimulation with 6 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces ssp.) and with bacterial reference strains.A murine model of acute 2-4-6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-colitis was next used to evaluate the distinct prophylactic protective capacities of three yeast strains compared with the performance of prednisolone ***: The six yeast strains all showed similar non-discriminating anti-inflammatory potential when tested on immunocompetent cells in vitro .However,although they exhibited similar colonization patterns in vivo ,some yeast strains showed significant anti-inflammatory activities in the TNBS-induced colitis model,whereas others had weaker or no preventive effect at all,as evidenced by colitis markers (body-weight loss,macroscopic and histological scores,myeloperoxidase activities and blood inflammatory markers).CONCLUSION: A careful selection of strains is required among the biodiversity of yeasts for specific clinical studies,including applications in inflammatory bowel disease and other therapeutic uses.

关键词： Yeast Probiotics Strain specificity Experimental colitis 2-4-6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid

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