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Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatotropic viruses comorbidities as the inducers of liver injury progression

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第4期25卷 398-410页

作者： Murali Ganesan Larisa y Poluektova Kusum K Kharbanda natalia A Osna Research Service Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System Department of Internal Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center

Hepatotropic viruses induced hepatitis progresses much faster and causes more liver-related health problems in people co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). Although treatment with antiretroviral therapy has extended the life expectancy of people with HIV, liver disease induced by hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) causes significant numbers of non-acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)-related deaths in coinfected patients. In recent years, new insights into the mechanisms of accelerated fibrosis and liver disease progression in HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV co-infections have been reported. In this paper, we review recent studies examining the natural history and pathogenesis of liver disease in HIV-HCV/HBV co-infection in the era of direct acting antivirals(DAA) and antiretroviral therapy(ART). We also review the novel therapeutics for management of HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV coinfected individuals.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis B virus Fibrosis Stiffness Treatment

Liver as a target of human immunodeficiency virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第42期24卷 4728-4737页

Liver injury is a characteristic feature of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection, which is the second most common cause of mortality in HIV-infected patients. Now it is recognized that liver plays a key role in HIV infection pathogenesis. Antiretroviral therapy(ART), which suppresses HIV infection in permissive immune cells, is less effective in hepatocytes, thereby making these cells a silent reservoir of HIV infection. In addition to direct hepatotoxic effects of HIV, certain ART treatment modalities provide hepatotoxic effects. The exact mechanisms of HIV-triggered chronic hepatitis progression are not elucidated, but the liver is adversely affected by HIV-infection and liver cells are prominently involved in HIV-elicited injury. These effects are potentiated by second hits like alcohol. Here, we will focus on the incidence of HIV, clinical evidence of HIVrelated liver damage, interactions between HIV and liver cells and the role of alcohol and co-infection with hepatotropic viruses in liver inflammation and fibrosis progression.

关键词： Liver cells Antiretroviral therapy Apoptosis Inflammation Fibrosis Immunodeficiency virus Alcohol

Role of alcohol in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第9期26卷 883-903页

作者： Murali Ganesan Allison Eikenberry Larisa y Poluektova Kusum K Kharbanda natalia A Osna Research Service Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care SystemOmahaNE 68105United States Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68105United States

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)and alcohol abuse often contribute to the development of end-stage liver *** abuse not only causes rapid progression of liver disease in HBV infected patients but also allows HBV to persist ***,the mechanism by which alcohol promotes the progression of HBVassociated liver disease are not completely *** mechanisms include a suppressed immune response,oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus stresses,and increased HBV ***,more research is necessary to gain a better understanding of these mechanisms such that treatment(s)to prevent rapid liver disease progression in alcohol-abusing HBV patients could be *** this review,we discuss the aforementioned factors for the higher risk of liver diseases in alcohol-induced HBV pathogenies and suggest the areas for future studies in this field.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Alcohol Immunity Oxidative stress Liver disease

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改良剂对土壤镉吸附能力和小白菜生长的影响

黑龙江农业科学 2024年第9期 25-34页

作者：孙思淼王晓军谷学佳 АНТОНИНОВАЯ.Наталья УСМАНОВИ.Альберт СОБЕНИНВ.Артем 高洪生黑龙江省肥料工程技术研究中心/黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院/农业农村部东北平原农业环境重点实验室黑龙江哈尔滨150086 俄罗斯科学院乌拉尔分院/采矿研究所采矿生态学实验室俄罗斯叶卡捷琳堡620075

为探究泥炭硅藻改良剂、牡蛎钙、生物炭和钢渣的吸附特征以及对镉(Cd)污染下小白菜生长性状的影响,通过吸附试验研究时间、浓度及投入量对改良剂吸附溶液中Cd的影响,并通过室内试验,研究在Cd污染下不同改良剂对小白菜生长、Cd浓度、根... 详细信息

为探究泥炭硅藻改良剂、牡蛎钙、生物炭和钢渣的吸附特征以及对镉(Cd)污染下小白菜生长性状的影响,通过吸附试验研究时间、浓度及投入量对改良剂吸附溶液中Cd的影响,并通过室内试验,研究在Cd污染下不同改良剂对小白菜生长、Cd浓度、根际土壤全量和有效态Cd浓度的影响。结果表明,(1)准二级动力学模型、Langmuir模型和颗粒内扩散模型更符合改良剂对Cd的吸附过程,钢渣和生物炭具有较好的吸附性能,当投入量>1.0 g时,二者对Cd的去除率均为99.0%以上;(2)施用改良剂均显著促进小白菜生长,与CK对比,4个处理干重分别增加了63.82%、42.38%、98.45%和30.23%,其中生物炭的促生效果最显著;改良剂促进Cd在根部富集并向地上部转运,钢渣的转运作用最显著,转运系数(TF)达到1.84;(3)泥炭硅藻改良剂显著降低根际土壤全Cd浓度,与对照相比降低了16.72%,并降低了潜在生态风险。钢渣能显著降低根际土壤有效态Cd浓度,与对照相比降低了56.91%,显著提高根际土壤pH,达到7.96。研究表明,钢渣具有良好的吸附Cd的性能,泥炭硅藻改良剂的综合改良效果最好。

关键词：泥炭硅藻改良剂生物炭钢渣吸附镉土壤修复

Labeling of influenza viruses with synthetic fluorescent and biotin-labeled lipids

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Virologica Sinica 2014年第4期29卷 199-210页

作者： natalia A Ilyushina Evgeny S Chernyy Elena y Korchagina Aleksra S Gambaryan Stephen M Henry Nicolai V Bovin Food and Drug Administration 29 Lincoln DriveBethesda 20892 MD USA Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Miklukho Maklaya 16/10Moscow 117997 Russia Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides Russian Academy of Medical SciencesMoscow Region 142782 Russia Biotechnology Research Institute AUT University Private Bag 92006Auckland 1142 New Zealand

Direct labeling of virus particles is a powerful tool for the visualization of virus–cell interaction events. However, this technique involves the chemical modification of viral proteins that affects viral biological properties. Here we describe an alternative approach of influenza virus labeling that utilizes Function-Spacer-Lipid(FSL) constructs that can be gently inserted into the virus membrane. We assessed whether labeling with fluorescent(fluo-Ad-DOPE) or biotin-labeled(biot-CMG2-DOPE) probes has any deleterious effect on influenza virus hemagglutinin(HA) receptor specificity, neuraminidase(NA) activity, or replicative ability in vitro. Our data clearly show that neither construct significantly affected influenza virus infectivity or viral affinity to sialyl receptors. Neither construct influenced the NA activities of the influenza viruses tested, except the A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1) strain. Our data indicate that lipid labeling provides a powerful tool to analyze influenza virus infection in vitro.

关键词： bioimaging Function-Spacer-Lipid (FSL) constructs labeling of influenza viruses synthetic lipids

Visual pathways involvement in clinically isolated syndrome in children

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2015年第2期8卷 382-384页

作者： Vladislav Voitenkov natalia Skripchenko Andrey Klimkin Scientific Research Institute of Children's Infections Professora Popova 9

AIM: To investigate extent and nature of visual pathways involvement in children with clinically isolated syndrome(CIS).METHODS: Forty-seven patients(age 11-17y) with CIS, which later proved to be multiple sclerosis(MS)onset, and 30 controls underwent visual evoked potentials(VEP) investigation within 12 d from the appearance of the first signs of disease. Latency and amplitude of P100 peak were compared with normative data and between ***: In 58% patients, including those without signs of retrobulbar neuritis, significant slowing of conduction along the central visual pathways(P100latency lengthening) is seen. P100 amplitudes drop(signs of axonal damage) are registered less frequently(29% cases).CONCLUSION: The results indicate that visual pathways are often affected in the MS onset; mostly demyelination signs are seen. Despite MRI significance for MS diagnostic, VEPs proved to be still effective in early diagnosis of MS in children.

关键词： visual evoked potentials multiple sclerosis clinically isolated syndrome children visual pathway

Obeticholic acid attenuates human immunodeficiency virus/alcohol metabolism-induced pro-fibrotic activation in liver cells

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第11期12卷 965-975页

作者： Moses New-Aaron Murali Ganesan Raghubendra Singh Dagur Kusum K Kharbanda Larisa y Poluektova natalia A Osna Department of Environmental Agriculture and Occupational HealthCollege of Public HealthUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68105United States Research Service Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care SystemOmahaNE 68105United States Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198United States

BACKGROUND The morbidity and mortality of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infection is often associated with liver disease,which progresses slowly into severe liver *** are multiple insults which exacerbate HIV-related liver injury,including HIV-associated dysregulation of lipid metabolism and fat turnover,coinfections with hepatotropic viruses and alcohol *** we reported before,exposure of hepatocytes to HIV and alcohol metabolites causes high oxidative stress,impairs proteasomal and lysosomal functions leading to accumulation of HIV in these cells,which end-ups with apoptotic cell death and finally promotes development of liver *** To study whether obeticholic acid(OCA)prevents HIV/ethanol metabolisminduced hepatotoxicity and subsequent activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSC)by HIV+apoptotic hepatocyte *** Huh7.5-CyP(RLW)cells were exposed to HIV and acetaldehyde-generating system(AGS)in the presence or absence of *** the cells,we measured the expression of HIV-related markers:HIVgagRNA-by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR),p24-by western blot,HIV DNA-by semi-nested PCR,integrated HIV DNA-by *** and proteasomal activities were measured using fluorometrically-labeled *** hepatocyte apoptosis,cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP were visualized by western blot and cytokeratin 18-by M30 ELISA-in *** bodies were generated from untreated and HIV-treated RLW cells exposed to UV ***-fibrotic activation of HSC was characterized by Col1A1 and transforming growth factor-βmRNAs,while inflammasome activation-by NLRP3,caspase 1,interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1βmRNA *** In RLW cells,OCA treatment attenuated HIV-AGS-induced accumulation of HIVgagRNA,HIV DNA and *** suppressed reactive oxygen species production and restored chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity as well as cathepsin B lysosome *** also decreased HIV-AGS-triggered apoptosis in RLW *** of HI

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Liver Obeticholic acid Alcohol Hepatocytes Fibrosis

Diversity of coronaviruses in wild and domestic birds in Vietnam

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第10期15卷 442-450页

作者： Vasily y.Marchenko natalia P.Kolosova Alexey V.Danilenko Maria K.Bragina Tran Thi Nhai Alexander B.Ryzhikov Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology“Vector”Rospotrebnadzor 630559Novosibirsk regionKoltsovoRussia Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technology Centre 650000Nguyen Van HuyenNghia DoCau GiayHanoiVietnam

Objective:To investigate the genetic diversity of coronaviruses in wild and domestic birds in the bird park and live poultry markets of Ca Mau province in Vietnam in ***:A total of 228 samples(121 from wild birds and 107 from poultry)were collected in the territory of Ca Mau province of Vietnam in *** avian samples were tested for the presence of the four genera of coronaviruses using reverse transcription and nested *** genetic analysis using targeted NGS sequencing of RdRp gene was performed for 29 representative samples(12 samples from wild birds and 17 from poultry).Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the neighbour joininig method with 1000 bootstrap replications using MEGA X ***:Among wild birds,21.5%samples were positive for the genetic material of coronaviruses and 38.3%samples were positive for coronaviruses among *** analysis of the partial sequence of RdRp gene from representative samples revealed that wild birds were carriers of gammacoronaviruses and *** poultry,three genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus(QX,Mass and Q1)were detected in chickens,with QX genotypes being predominant,and viruses of DCoV group were detected in domestic *** was no detection of alphacoronaviruses or betacoronaviruses in the studied ***:Coronaviruses of genera Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus were detected in wild birds.A high percentage of infectious bronchitis virus was detected in ***,there is a need for broader surveillance of coronaviruses in birds,which can be used for evaluation of diversity,evolution and distribution of coronaviruses in *** surveillance of coronaviruses circulation in wild and domestic animals is necessary for implementing strategic measures for poultry and domestic animal protection and for evaluation of possible risk of circulating coronaviruses to human health.

关键词： Avian coronavirus Gammacoronavirus Deltacoronavirus Surveillance Wild birds Poultry Vietnam

The mystery of molten metal

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China Foundry 2010年第4期7卷 425-437页

作者： natalia Sobczak Jerzy Sobczak Rajiv Asthana Robert Purgert Foundry Research Institute Department of Engineering & Technology University of Wisconsin-Stout Energy Industries of Ohio

Recent advances in scientific understanding of high-temperature materials processing using novel experimental methodologies have shed light on the complex role of surface and interface phenomena. New in-situ studies on molten metal/solid ceramic interactions using a unique experimental complex at the Foundry Research Institute, Krakow, have revealed a number of unusual observations in materials processing at high temperatures. We present some such unusual observations and their explanation with reference to liquid metal processing of Al, Ni, and Ti, and their alloys in contact with oxide ceramics. In particular, we focus on the following aspects: primary oxidation of Al from residual water vapor or oxygen, capillary purification to remove surface oxide, substrate protection by CVD carbon, roughening due to spinel whisker formation, inclusions in castings due to mechanical detachment, floatation due to buoyancy forces, and segregation due to directional solidifciation, modification of the solid surface morphology by metal vapor ahead of the liquid, and the complication due to multi-component alloys melted in crucibles made from complex oxide-based ceramics. In the case of Ti, rapid reactions with oxides result in undesirable volumetric changes that create difficulty in casting high-quality Ti parts, particularly by investment casting. Nanoscale (e.g., colloidal) coatings based on y2O3 protect crucibles and hold ladles against such attack. Practical insights and recommendations for materials processing emerging from the fundamental studies on high-temperature interfacial phenomena have been described.

关键词： molten metal high-temperature phenomena in-situ observation casting defects