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An electropenetrography waveform library for the probing and ingestion behaviors of culex tarsalis on human hands

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1165-1186页

作者： Anastasia M.W.cooper Samuel B.Jameson Victoria Pickens cameron osborne Elaine A.Backus Kristopher Silver Dana N.Mitzel Department of Entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA Department of Tropical Medicine Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLos AngelesUSA USDA Agricultural Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterParlierCaliforniaUSA National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility USDA Agricultural Research ServiceManhattanKansasUSA

culex tarsalis coquillett(Diptera:culicidae)mosquitoes are capable of vectoring numerous pathogens affecting public and animal ***,the probing behaviors of mosquitoes are poorly understood because they occur in opaque ***(EPG)has the potential to elucidate these behaviors by recording the electrical signals generated during *** used an Ac–Dc EPG with variable input resistors(Ri levels)to construct a waveform library for *** feeding on human *** events associated with mosquito probing were used to characterize waveforms at four Ri levels and with two electrical current *** optimal settings for EPG recordings of *** probing on human hands was an Ri level of 10^(7)Ohms using an applied signal of 150 millivolts alternating *** for *** included those previously observed and associated with probing behaviors in Aedes aegypti L.(Diptera:culicidae):waveform families J(surface salivation),K(stylet penetration through the skin),L(types 1 and 2,search for a blood vessel/ingestion site),M(types 1 and 2,ingestion),N(type 1,an unknown behavior which may be a resting and digestion phase),and W(withdrawal).However,we also observed variations in the waveforms not described in ***,which we named types L3,M3,M4,and *** investigation enhances our understanding of mosquito probing *** also provides a new tool for the automated calculation of peak *** work will facilitate future pathogen acquisition and transmission studies and help identify new pest and disease management targets.

关键词： Ac-Dc blood feeders electrical penetration graph EPG human hands mosquitoes waveform library

Synthesis of 4-[F-18]Fluoro-4-Deoxy-N-Acetyl-1,3,6-Tri-O-Acetylglucosamine, a Potential Brain Imaging PET Agent

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Natural Science 2024年第3期16卷 19-23页

作者： Murthy Akula Derek cressy Lee collier George Kabalka Dustin osborne Department of Radiology The University of Tennessee Medical Center Knoxville USA Advion Biosciences Ithaca USA

The synthesis of a promising brain imaging agent 4-[F-18]fluoro-4-deoxy-N-acetyl-1,3,6-tri-O-acetylglucosamine, 2, was successfully accomplished from commercially available N-acetyl glucosamine in 5 steps. The non-decay corrected radiochemical yield and purity were found to be 31% ± 4% (n = 3) and >98% respectively. The total reaction time for radio labelling step was 50 min.

关键词： N-Acetylglucosamine Amyloidogenesis Lipase-candida rugosa

Forest composition and red oak (Quercus sp.) response to elevation gradients across greentree reservoirs

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第5期10卷 607-617页

作者： cassandra Hug Pradip Saud Keith McKnight Douglas c.osborne college of Forestry Agriculturaland Natural ResourcesUniversity of Arkansas at MonticelloMonticelloAR71656USA USFWS/Lower Mississippi Valley Joint Venture TylerTX75707USA Five Oaks Ag Research and Education center HumphreyAR72073USA

Elevation gradients within forested wetlands have long been recognized for their role in defining species composition through factors such as hydrology and soil *** reservoirs(GTRs)are leveeimpounded tracts of bottomland hardwood forest flooded throughout the winter months to provide habitat for overwintering *** flooding of GTRs alters the forest composition due to flood frequency,depth,and duration in combination with slight changes in *** evaluate the effect of elevation gradients,soil properties,and management techniques in the overstory species composition and red oak(Quercus spp.)species abundance,we inventoried 662 plots across 12 independent GTRs in eastern *** the lower elevations ranging from 50.98 to 54.99 m above sea level,the importance value index(IVI)was highest for nuttall oak(Quercus texana)and overcup oak(Quercus lyrata),whereas IVI shifted to cherrybark oak(Quercus pagoda)in the higher elevations ranging from 54.99 to 58.00 *** diversity did not differ by elevation gradient,soil property,or management technique within *** diversity,using non-metric multi-dimensional scaling(NMDS)analysis,indicated site-specific variability significantly correlated with the environmental predictors,including elevation(R^(2)=0.57),easting(R^(2)=0.47),soil texture(R^(2)=0.21),and pH(R^(2)=0.12).Red oak species-specific mixed-effects modeling of abundance response using Poisson distribution suggested an inverse correlation of nuttall oak and a direct correlation of cherrybark oak abundance with ***,willow oak(Quercus phellos)abundance was not significantly affected by elevation but was by silt loam soil texture and restoration management *** findings will aid management efforts to reduce the dominance of less desirable species that are prominent under specific environmental conditions and promote the dominance of more desirable *** GTR sustainability is increas

关键词： Bottomland hardwoods Diversity Forested wetland Overstory Red oak Soil Thinning and management

Upsampling Monte carlo neutron transport simulation tallies using a convolutional neural network

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Energy and AI 2023年第3期13卷 117-125页

作者： Andrew osborne Joffrey Dorville Paul Romano Nuclear Science&Engineering The Colorado School of Mines101214th St.GoldenCO80401United States of America Department of Mechanical Engineering The Colorado School of Mines1610 Illinois St.GoldenCO80401United States of America Argonne National Laboratory LemontILUnited States of America

The physical quantities calculated by nuclear reactor Monte carlo simulations are typically recorded on a grid of two or three spatial dimensions and one dimension of neutron *** of this,increasing the resolution of the calculated quantities can have a significant impact on the memory and cPU time required to run a *** neural networks have been shown to accurately upsample coarse-resolution photo-graphic images to resolutions multiple times finer than the *** we show that a convolutional neural network can accurately upsample flux tallies in a Monte carlo neutron transport simulation by a factor of two along the spatial and energy *** flux tallies in pressurized water reactor assemblies were calculated using OpenMc at a 64×64 pixel spatial resolution and 8 neutron energy groups for input to the neural *** network upsamples the low-resolution neutron flux to 128×128 pixel spatial resolution and 16 neutron energy ***-resolution neutron flux tallies and their uncertainties were also calculated with OpenMc and compared with the network’s *** upsampled data and the high-resolution tally results agree to within the statistical uncertainty calculated by OpenMc.

关键词： OpenMc convolutional neural network Residual network Neutron Monte carlo

confidence estimation in the prediction of epithermal neutron resonance self-shielding factors in irradiation samples using an ensemble neural network

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2022年第1期7卷 101-119页

作者： Ian M.Wilkinson Ritwik R.Bhattacharjee Jenifer c.Shafer Andrew G.osborne Nuclear Science&Engineering The Colorado School of Mines101214th St.GoldenCO80401USA Department of chemistry The Colorado School of Mines101214th St.GoldenCO80401USA Department of Mechanical Engineering The Colorado School of Mines1610 Illinois St.GoldenCO80401USA

Large neutron absorption resonances in the nuclides present in irradiation samples reduce the irradiating neutron flux at energies close to a *** neutron activation analysis of optically thick samples with resonant isotopes,this self-shielding effect can be significant,and must be accounted for to ensure accurate *** we show that an ensemble artificial neural network can be used to accurately predict the epithermal selfshielding factors in wires composed of up to 57 ***,the neural network can account for resonance interference that affects the self-shielding in samples containing nuclides with large overlapping *** use Monte carlo simulations of sample wires irradiated in a thermal neutron spectrum to create the data for training the neural network and validate its predictions.A Gaussian negative log likelihood loss function is combined with the ensemble to estimate the confidence in the predicted self-shielding factors when ground-truth data are unavailable.

关键词： Neutron activation analysis Epithermal self-shielding Neural Networks

Report of Haemophilus Influenzae serotype a intracranial infections in older children

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Pediatric Investigation 2023年第2期7卷 132-136页

作者： Varvara Probst Fadi Shahoud Aaron Fletcher osborne Ana Alvarez Nizar Maraqa Ayesha Mirza Department of Pediatrics University of Florida College of Medicine-JacksonvilleJacksonvilleFloridaUSA Department of Pediatrics Division of Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyUniversity of Florida College of Medicine-JacksonvilleJacksonvilleFloridaUSA

Introduction:Haemophilus influenzae(Hi)is subdivided into typeable(a-f)and non-typeable *** serotype b(Hib)has historically been one of the important pathogens responsible for invasive ***,after widespread Hib vaccination,the emergence of other Hi serotypes,specifically Hi serotype a(Hia),was noted during the last few decades,mostly in children younger than 5 years of *** presentation:We present two cases of severe intracranial infections with detected Hia in patients>5 years of age within a short time frame and within the same geographic ***:Epidemiological studies and surveillance on Hia-related illnesses in all age groups worldwide are needed to better understand the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of *** can establish a platform to develop a candidate vaccine against Hia that might protect children of all ages.

关键词： Haemophilus influenzae serotype b intracranial infection vaccine epidemiology

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草地生态系统碳氮库对增温响应的整合分析

Journal of Plant Ecology 2022年第4期15卷 733-742页

作者： Junliang Zou Juying Wu Bruce osborne Yiqi Luo Beijing Research&Development centre for Grass and Environment Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China UcD School of Biology and Environmental Science and UcD Earth Institute University College DublinBelfeldDublin 4Ireland center for Ecosystem Science and Society Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA

陆地生态系统碳氮耦合过程有可能改变全球碳循环对气候变化的敏感性。然而,碳氮的交互作用对陆地生态系统碳固存的贡献仍不明确。本研究采用Meta分析的方法量化了野外增温条件下草地碳氮储量的变化,并且进一步评估了3个主要的碳氮耦合过... 详细信息

陆地生态系统碳氮耦合过程有可能改变全球碳循环对气候变化的敏感性。然而,碳氮的交互作用对陆地生态系统碳固存的贡献仍不明确。本研究采用Meta分析的方法量化了野外增温条件下草地碳氮储量的变化,并且进一步评估了3个主要的碳氮耦合过程(生态系统氮总量的变化,氮在植被和土壤之间的重新分配,植被与土壤碳氮比的变化)对草地碳固存的相对贡献。增温使得土壤、凋落物和植被的碳氮比增加,并导致约2%的氮从土壤转移到植被和凋落物中。增温提高了植被和凋落物的碳储量(111.2 g·m^(−2)),而降低了土壤的碳储量(30.0 g·m^(−2)),由此可见,增温提高了整个草地生态系统的碳储量。碳氮比的变化是温度升高条件下草地碳储量增加的主要贡献者,氮的重新分配次之。相反,氮总量的减少则降低了生态系统的碳储量。这些结果表明,温度升高对草地生态系统碳氮储量的变化及其耦合过程具有显著的影响,建议生态模型考虑碳氮循环的交互作用,以便更准确地预测未来陆地碳储量的变化。

关键词：气候变化碳固存碳氮耦合草地氮限制化学计量

Enhanced Lead Uptake by an Association of Plant and Earthworm Bioaugmented with Bacteria

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Pedosphere 2018年第2期28卷 311-322页

作者： anamika das jabez w.osborne Department of Biosciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 (India)

Lead(Pb) is recorded as the second most hazardous pollutant of the *** cases of Pb bioremediation has been reported using single biosystem,but very few reports are available in biological approaches using multi-biosystems to achieve an enhanced bioremoval of *** present study evaluated the capacity of a unique association of Pennisetum purpureum,a hyperaccumulator plant,and Lumbricus terrestris(earthworm)bioaugmented with a Pb-resistant bacterium,obtained from an industrially contaminated site and identified as isolate VITMVcJ1 Klebsiella variicola,to bioremediate *** Pb-resistant gene was amplified in the bacterial isolate *** study was conducted for 60 *** verified that the bioaugmentation process enhanced1)root and shoot length of the plants,2)chlorophyll content of the plants,and 3)biofilm-producing ability of the microbes from the rhizosphere region of the *** total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to be lower in the plants in the bioaugmented *** study also observed a reduction in the toxic effects of Pb on earthworm and *** earthworm was used to assess the Pb-induced stress syndrome after exposure to sublethal concentrations of Pb in the soil.A reduction in the content of malondialdehyde,a potential biomarker,on exposure to Pb demonstrated the role of the inoculum to alleviate heavy metal-induced stress in *** three symbionts accumulated Pb;Pb was accumulated mainly in the root of the plant,and poorly in the shoot of the plant and body mass of the *** bioaugmentation system exhibited stable and excellent uptake of Pb from the contaminated *** results of the present study suggest the positive effect of the synergistic association of the plant and earthworm with appropriate microbes for the bioremoval of Pb.

关键词： bioaugmentation bioremediation heavy metal hyperaccumulator Klebsiella variicola Lumbricus terrestris malondi-aldehyde Pennisetum purpureum

The impact of Gunnera tinctoria(Molina)Mirbel invasions on soil seed bank communities

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第3期2卷 153-167页

作者： Margherita Gioria Bruce osborne UcD School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland

Aims In recent years,there has been an increasing interest in the impact of invasive alien plant species on the soil seed *** seed banks play an important role in determining the composition and dynamics of the vegetation through ***,an ability to form a persistent seed bank and/or a capacity to alter the structure of the seed bank of invaded communities could be important factors in determining the success of many alien plant *** this study,we report on a detailed assessment of the characteristics of the seed bank community associated with the herbaceous plant invader,Gunnera tinctoria,a newly emerging and potentially globally significant invasive plant *** species,native to South America,is invasive in a range of wet habitats in Europe,Australasia and the *** A comprehensive assessment of the seed bank of invaded and comparable uninvaded areas was made at two points in time(May and October),at three sites in western *** seedling emergence approach was used to assess the structure(diversity,dominance and abundance)of the soil seed *** between invaded and uninvaded seed bank communities were investigated at the spatial scales of site,plot and *** Findings Gunnera tinctoria formed a large persistent seed bank at the study *** 30000 seedlings per square metre emerged from soils collected from invaded areas,of which 30%were found in deep soil *** of this invader represented 53–86%of the total number of seedlings associated with invaded *** the transient and the more persistent component of the seed bank of invaded communities were significantly less diverse and abundant than those of uninvaded areas,and were characterized by higher dominance,even when seedlings of the invader were not included in the *** seed bank of invaded areas was largely composed of seeds of agricultural weeds in addition to those of the *** results suggest that ***

关键词： invasive species soil seed bank diversity dominance Gunnera tinctoria