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Spatial variability of soil water erosion:Comparing empirical and intelligent techniques

Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第1期14卷 1-16页

作者： Ali Golkarian Khabat Khosravi Mahdi Panahi john j.Clague Department of Watershed Management Engineering Ferdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran Department of Earth and Environment Florida International UniversityMiamiUSA Division of Smart Regional Innovation Kangwon National UniversityGangwon-do 24341Republic of Korea Department of Earth Sciences Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada

Soil water erosion(SWE)is an important global hazard that affects food availability through soil degradation,a reduction in crop yield,and agricultural land abandonment.A map of soil erosion susceptibility is a first and vital step in land management and soil *** machine learning(ML)algorithms optimized using the Grey Wolf Optimizer(GWO)metaheuristic algorithm can be used to accurately map SWE *** optimized algorithms include Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN and CNN-GWO),Support Vector Machine(SVM and SVM-GWO),and Group Method of Data Handling(GMDH and GMDH-GWO).Results obtained using these algorithms can be compared with the well-known Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)empirical model and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)ML tree-based *** apply these methods together with the frequency ratio(FR)model and the Information Gain Ratio(IGR)to determine the relationship between historical SWE data and controlling geo-environmental factors at 116 sites in the Noor-Rood watershed in northern *** SWE geo-environmental factors are classified in topographical,hydro-climatic,land cover,and geological *** next divided the SWE sites into two datasets,one for model training(70%of the samples=81 locations)and the other for model validation(30%of the samples=35 locations).Finally the model-generated maps were evaluated using the Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic(AU-ROC)*** results show that elevation and rainfall erosivity have the greatest influence on SWE,while soil texture and hydrology are less *** CNN-GWO model(AU-ROC=0.85)outperformed other models,specifically,and in order,SVR-GWO=GMDH-GWO(AUC=0.82),CNN=GMDH(AUC=0.81),SVR=XGBoost(AUC=0.80),and *** on the RUSLE model,soil loss in the Noor-Rood watershed ranges from 0 to 2644 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1).

关键词： Soil erosion Machine learning RUSLE CNN-GWO Iran

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Species Concepts as Applied to the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Systematics:How Many Species Are There?

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journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 176-186页

作者： LIU Shu-sheng john Colvin Paul j De Barro Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology Ministry of Agriculture~Institute of lnsect Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Kent ME4 4TB United Kingdom CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia

The worldwide distribution and extensive genetic diversity of the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci,has long been ***,the levels of separation within *** and the nomenclature of the various genetic groups have been a subject of *** phylogenetic analyses indicate that *** is a complex composed of 28 morphologically indistinguishable *** this article,we first review the debate and difficulties associated with ***＇s taxonomy and systematics,and argue for the need to apply the biological species concept in order to elucidate ***＇s *** summarize the accumulated genetic and behavioural data on reproductive incompatibilities evident amongst phylogenetic mtCOI groups of *** studies have been conducted with 14 of the 28 putative species covering 54 reciprocal inter-species pairs,and observations on mating behaviour have been conducted for seven species *** from both crossing trials and behavioural observations indicate a consistent pattern of reproductive isolation among the putative *** then discuss the technical and conceptual complexities associated with crossing experiments and behavioural observations designed to reveal reproductive ***,we elaborate on a strategy for further clarifying the pattern of reproductive isolation between *** groups and propose future research directions on the systematics of this complex.

关键词： whitefly systematics biological species cryptic species phylogenetic species reproductive isolation mating behavior taxonomy

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The role of organic electron donors in the initiation of BHAS base-induced coupling reactions between haloarenes and arenes

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Science China Chemistry 2019年第11期62卷 1425-1438页

作者： Andrew j.Smith Darren L.Poole john A.Murphy Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of StrathclydeStrathclydeGlasgow G11XLUnited Kingdom Flexible Discovery Unit GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreStevenageSG12NYUnited Kingdom

Coupling reactions between haloarenes and arenes(including heteroarenes)that are conducted without added transition metals but in the presence of KOtBu or NaOtBu,have been a topic of great interest since their discovery in *** organic structures act as additives that assist these *** additives are converted into organic electron donors by the butoxide base and this leads to initiation of the coupling reactions,which proceed by radical chain *** review provides an overview of the initiation stages of these reactions.

关键词： organic electron donor potassium tert-butoxide electron transfer base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution(BHAS) coupling benzyne

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Growth and differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell(hiPSC)-derived kidney organoids using fully synthetic peptide hydrogels

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第3期21卷 142-156页

作者： Niall j.Treacy Shane Clerkin jessica L.Davis Ciar´an Kennedy Aline F.Miller Alberto Saiani jacek K.Wychowaniec Dermot F.Brougham john Crean Diabetes Complications Research Centre University College Dublin(UCD)Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and BelfieldDublin 4Ireland UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science BelfieldDublin 4Ireland Department of Materials&Manchester Institute of Biotechnology(MIB) School of Natural SciencesFaculty of Science and EngineeringThe University of ManchesterUK UCD School of Chemistry University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland

Human induced pluripotent stem cell(hiPSC)-derived kidney organoids have prospective applications ranging from basic disease modelling to personalised ***,there remains a necessity to refine the bio-physical and biochemical parameters that govern kidney organoid *** within fully-controllable and physiologically relevant 3D growth environments will be critical to improving organoid reproducibility and ***,we matured hiPSC-derived kidney organoids within fully synthetic self-assembling peptide hydrogels(SAPHs)of variable stiffness(storage modulus,G′).The resulting organoids con-tained complex structures comparable to those differentiated within the animal-derived matrix,***-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)was then used to compare organoids matured within SAPHs to those grown within Matrigel or at the air-liquid interface.A total of 13,179 cells were analysed,revealing 14 distinct *** compositional analysis revealed a larger proportion of nephron cell types within Transwell-derived organoids,while SAPH-derived organoids were enriched for stromal-associated cell ***,dif-ferentiation within a higher G’SAPH generated podocytes with more mature gene expression ***-tionally,maturation within a 3D microenvironment significantly reduced the derivation of off-target cell types,which are a known limitation of current kidney organoid *** work demonstrates the utility of syn-thetic peptide-based hydrogels with a defined stiffness,as a minimally complex microenvironment for the selected differentiation of kidney organoids.

关键词： Human kidney organoids Fully synthetic matrices Self-assembling peptide hydrogels Single-cell RNA sequencing

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Review of the role of abdominal imaging in irritable bowel syndrome

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World journal of Radiology 2018年第11期10卷 143-149页

作者： Richard G Kavanagh john O'Grady Brian W carey Owen j O'Connor Michael M Maher Department of Radiology Cork University Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Cork University Hospital APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork

The role of radiologic imaging in the investigation of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) remains a subject of debate and there is some evidence, from recent studies of utilization of imaging in IBS, which focused on associated costs and radiation exposure, that imaging is being used relatively widely in these patients. This review aims to assess current best evidence to accurately define the role of radiologic imaging in IBS patients. Primary and secondary literature searches were performed. Evidence suggests that the lack of "red flag" or alarm features in IBS patients should reassure the clinician that the diagnosis of IBS is correct and United States and United Kingdom guidelines recommend no radiologic imaging for IBS patients if alarm features are not present. In patients presenting with IBS symptoms and alarm features, radiologic testing may be used to exclude an alternative diagnosis and the imaging modality should be chosen based on the most likely alternative diagnosis.

关键词： Abdominal imaging Rome criteria Irritable bowel syndrome

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Efficacy and safety of modified tetracycline dosing in a quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori:A retrospective single center study

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第22期29卷 3508-3518页

作者： Ying-Chao Sun Meng-jia Zhu Xue-Qin Chen Lei Yue Yi-Ru Zhao Xin-jie Wang john j Kim Qin Du Wei-Ling Hu Department of Gastroenterology Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalMedical SchoolZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310016Zhejiang ProvinceChina Division of Gastroenterology Loma Linda University HealthLoma LindaCA 92354United States Department of Gastroenterology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated HospitalHangzhou 310009Zhejiang ProvinceChina Institute of Gastroenterology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310016Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Although highly effective as a component of Helicobacter pylori(***)treatment regimen,tetracycline is associated with a high incidence of medicationrelated adverse *** dosing of tetracycline as part of quadruple therapy may improve safety while providing comparable eradication *** To evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified dosing of tetracycline in patients receiving tetracycline and furazolidone-containing quadruple therapy in patients with *** *** Consecutive patients(10/2020-12/2021)who received tetracycline and furazolidone quadruple therapy for *** infection at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital were *** patients received tetracycline,furazolidone,proton pump inhibitor,and bismuth for 14 d as primary or rescue *** tetracycline dose group received tetracycline 500 mg twice daily while standard group received 750 mg twice daily or 500 mg three times *** Three hundred and ninety-four patients[mean age=46.3±13.9,male=137(34.8%),and 309(78.4%)primary therapy]completed tetracycline and furazolidone quadruple therapy for *** infection including those who received modified tetracycline dose in 157 and standard doses in 118(750 mg twice daily)and 119(500 mg three times daily).Eradication rates in the modified tetracycline dose group were 92.40%and in the standard groups,eradication rates were 93.20%for 750 mg twice daily group and 92.43%for 500 mg three times daily group,respectively,without statistical difference(P=0.959).The incidence of adverse events was lower in the modified tetracycline dose(15.3%vs 32.3%and 29.4%;P=0.002)compared to the standard dose *** In a real-world experience,modified tetracycline dosing as part of tetracycline and furazolidone quadruple therapy for 14 d demonstrated high efficacy,comparable to standard tetracycline dose regimens,with a favorable safety profile.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Tetracycline Furazolidone Eradication Penicillin allergy Bismuth quadruple therapy

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Isotretinoin for the treatment of nonobstructive azoospermia: a pilot study

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Asian journal of Andrology 2021年第5期23卷 537-540页

作者： john K Amory Charles H Muller Thomas j Walsh Department of Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of Urology University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

The treatment of men with infertility from azoospermia is *** some men with severe oligozoospermia improve sperm output during treatment with isotretinoin,we treated nine men with azoospermia with isotretinoin to determine if azoospermic men would also respond to isotretinoin *** of these men who had a previous negative testicular sperm extraction(TESE)was found to have an area of sperm production on a postisotretinoin testicular *** man achieved a pregnancy and a live birth of a healthy,term daughter after in vitro fertilization coupled with intracytoplasmic sperm injection(IVF/ICSI).A second subject had a positive TESE after treatment as *** study of isotretinoin therapy in men with azoospermia undergoing testicular sperm harvesting procedures is warranted.

关键词： treatment injection pregnancy

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学校领导技能对教师教学效果的影响——以坦桑尼亚姆万扎地区为例

学校领导技能对教师教学效果的影响——以坦桑尼亚姆万扎地区为例

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作者： john j. Malagira 华东师范大学

学位级别：硕士

尽管学校的领导技能水平符合区、县及学校层面对学生学业成绩所设目标的落实要求,但教育领导者同时还影响着学校教师的教学效果。本研究以领导技能对教师教学效果的影响为研究课题。在姆万扎区,教师的教学效果不容乐观,其前景也并不明... 详细信息

尽管学校的领导技能水平符合区、县及学校层面对学生学业成绩所设目标的落实要求,但教育领导者同时还影响着学校教师的教学效果。本研究以领导技能对教师教学效果的影响为研究课题。在姆万扎区,教师的教学效果不容乐观,其前景也并不明朗。本研究采用定性研究的方法,以揭示领导技能在提升教师教学效果方面的应用现状。同时,本研究采用归纳和探索性研究设计,采用随机抽样方法确定研究对象。本研究从1326名教师和校长为母体的研究对象中抽取了其中的9.8%来分析。本研究涉及32名学校校长和98名中学教师,共计130名受访者。本研究涉及32所随机抽选的中学,每所中学有10%的教师参与了此次研究。本研究采用定性研究方法,通过访谈、焦点小组讨论和问卷调查的形式收集所需信息。研究数据的呈现、分析、阐释及讨论以两个章节进行分述。第四章主要分析了学校校长和坦桑尼亚国家考试委员会(NECTA)的统计数据以及有关学生学业成绩的各方数据,而这些成绩是对教师教学效果的反映;第五章则主要讨论了收集自焦点小组讨论和访谈对话的信息。此外,本研究采用描述性和探索性的内容分析方法进行数据分析,数据内容以表格形式呈现。本研究认为,在提高中学教师的教学效果方面,人事、概念、技术和专业领导技能没有得到合适有效的应用。在提高教学效果方面,中学教师高度依赖概念、人事、技术和专业领导技能,而不是经验和过往背景。这并不意味着除了受到学校领导的关注以外,领导技能就无益于提高姆万扎地区教师的教学效果,而是领导技能未能有效地用于改善教师的教学效果。因此,本研究建议对人事,技术,专业和概念领导技能进行有效应用。通过问卷调查、访谈和焦点小组讨论,受访者主要提出了四种针对学校校长和教师的领导技能培养方法,分别是在职培训、向教学效果有所提升的教师提供激励性补偿、制定领导技能政策和为教师创造有利的工作环境。上述技能将用于提高教师的教学效果,而提高教学效果的途径便是使学生取得优异成绩。教师的优异教学效果体现于学生的I、II、III级得分,教师的不佳教学效果则体现于学生的IV和0级得分。本研究以Ketz(1995)的技能理论和Mumford的领导技能模型(2000)为理论基础。这两种理论与本研究所提出的四种学校领导技能(人事、概念、技术和专业)直接相关。学校校长及教育领导者需共同运用这四种领导技能,以使教师的教学效果提高至最佳水平。但是,由于所管教师的背景和秉性不同,在运用领导技能时,教育领导者若取其一而舍其他,则可能无法实现预期效果。

关键词：领导力技能教师教学效果

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Superconvergent Interpolatory HDG Methods for Reaction Difusion Equations II:HHO‑Inspired Methods

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2022年第2期4卷 477-499页

作者： Gang Chen Bernardo Cockburn john R.Singler Yangwen Zhang College of Mathematics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina School of Mathematics University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMOUSA Department of Mathematical Science University of DelawareNewarkDEUSA

In Chen et al.(***.81(3):2188–2212,2019),we considered a superconvergent hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin(HDG)method,defned on simplicial meshes,for scalar reaction-difusion equations and showed how to defne an interpolatory version which maintained its convergence *** interpolatory approach uses a locally postprocessed approximate solution to evaluate the nonlinear term,and assembles all HDG matrices once before the time integration leading to a reduction in computational *** resulting method displays a superconvergent rate for the solution for polynomial degree k≥*** this work,we take advantage of the link found between the HDG and the hybrid high-order(HHO)methods,in Cockburn et al.(ESAIM ***.50(3):635–650,2016)and extend this idea to the new,HHO-inspired HDG methods,defned on meshes made of general polyhedral elements,uncovered *** meshes made of shape-regular polyhedral elements afne-equivalent to a fnite number of reference elements,we prove that the resulting interpolatory HDG methods converge at the same rate as for the linear elliptic ***,we obtain superconvergent methods for k≥0 by some *** thus maintain the superconvergence properties of the original *** present numerical results to illustrate the convergence theory.

关键词： Hybrid high-order methods Hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods Interpolatory method Superconvergence

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Direct ink writing of programmable functional silicone-based composites for 4D printing applications

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Interdisciplinary Materials 2022年第4期1卷 507-516页

作者： Zhiyang Lyu j.ustin Koh Gwendolyn j.H.Lim Danwei Zhang Ting Xiong Lei Zhang Siqi Liu junfei Duan jun Ding john Wang jinlan Wang Yunfei Chen Chaobin He jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments School of Mechanical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Agency for Science Technologyand Research(A*STAR)Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringSingaporeSingapore School of Materials Science and Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangshaChina School of Physics Southeast UniversityNanjingChina

Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)has been widely used in flexible electronics,soft robotics,and ***,the fabrication of PDMS-based devices has mostly relied on conventional approaches,such as casting and molding,thereby limiting their *** we fabricate PDMS-based composites with programmable microstructures by direct ink writing and realize their practical functionalities of four-dimensional(4D)*** mechanical,thermomechanical and magnetic properties of the three-dimensional-printed composites can be well tailored by using carbon,metal,or ceramic functional *** taking advantage of the printable,flexible,and magnetic PDMS composites,we demonstrate new practical functionalities of 4D printing by designing programmable architectures,including magnetic-field-driven battery cases and patchworks,as well as arbitrary morphing ceramic *** particular,4D-printed batteries are constructed by PDMS-based battery cases for the first time,which can be actuated via external magnetic *** study broadens the paradigm of 4D printing for prospective applications,such as implant batteries,biomimetic engineering,and customized biomedical devices.

关键词： 4D printing 4D-printed batteries direct ink writing PDMS polymer-derived ceramics

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