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Wastewater Surveillance Provides Spatiotemporal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dynamics

Engineering 2024年第9期40卷 70-77页

作者： Xiawan Zheng Kathy Leung Xiaoqing Xu Yu Deng Yulin Zhang Xi Chen Chung In Yau Kenny W.K.Hui Eddie Pak Ho-Kwong Chui Ron Yang hein min tun Gabriel Matthew Leung Joseph Tsz Kei Wu Malik Peiris Leo Lit Man Poon Tong Zhang Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Lab Center for Environmental Engineering ResearchDepartment of Civil EngineeringThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control School of Public HealthLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Litd.(D24H) Hong Kong 999077China The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Hong Kong 999077China School of Public Health Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China HKU-Pasteur Research Pole The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Drainage Services Department The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionHong Kong 999077China Environmental Protection Department The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionHong Kong 999077China The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Wastewater surveillance(WWS)can leverage its wide coverage,population-based sampling,and high monitoring frequency to capture citywide pandemic trends independent of clinical *** we conducted a nine months daily WWS for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARSCoV-2)from 12 wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),covering approximately 80%of the population,to monitor infection dynamics in Hong Kong,*** found that the SARS-CoV-2 virus concentration in wastewater was correlated with the daily number of reported cases and reached two pandemic peaks three days earlier during the study *** addition,two different methods were established to estimate the prevalence/incidence rates from wastewater *** estimated results from wastewater were consistent with findings from two independent citywide clinical surveillance programmes(rapid antigen test(RAT)surveillance and serology surveillance),but higher than the cases number reported by the Centre for Health Protection(CHP)of Hong Kong,***,the effective reproductive number(R_(t))was estimated from wastewater measurements to reflect both citywide and regional transmission *** findings demonstrate that large-scale intensive WWS from WWTPs provides cost-effective and timely public health information,especially when the clinical surveillance is inadequate and *** approach also provides insights into pandemic dynamics at higher spatiotemporal resolutions,facilitating the formulation of effective control policies and targeted resource allocation.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater surveillance Prevalence Effective reproductive number

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Multi-platform omics analysis reveals molecular signature for COVID-19 pathogenesis,prognosis and drug target discovery

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第5期6卷 1535-1545页

作者： Yuming Li Guixue Hou Haibo Zhou Yanqun Wang hein min tun Airu Zhu Jingxian Zhao Fei Xiao Shanwen Lin Dongdong Liu Dunrong Zhou Lang Mai Lu Zhang Zhaoyong Zhang Lijun Kuang Jiao Guan Qiushi Chen Liyan Wen Yanjun Zhang Jianfen Zhuo Fang Li Zhen Zhuang Zhao Chen Ling Luo Donglan Liu Chunke Chen Mian Gan Nanshan Zhong Jincun Zhao Yan Ren Yonghao Xu State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina BGI-Shenzhen ShenzhenChina The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Qingyuan People's HospitalQingyuanGuangdongChina HKU-Pasteur Research Pole School of Public HealthLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Department of Infectious Diseases Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingGuangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdongChina Yangjiang People's Hospital YangjiangGuangdongChina Yangjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention YangjiangGuangdongChina Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University GuangzhouGuangdongChina Guangzhou Customs District Technology Center GuangzhouChina

Disease progression prediction and therapeutic drug target discovery for Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)are particularly important,as there is still no effective strategy for severe COVID-19 patient ***,we performed multi-platform omics analysis of serial plasma and urine samples collected from patients during the course of *** analyses of these omics data revealed several potential therapeutic targets,such as ANXA1 and *** changes in plasma indicated dysregulation of macrophage and suppression of T cell functions in severe patients compared to those in non-severe ***,we chose 25 important molecular signatures as potential biomarkers for the prediction of disease *** prediction power was validated using corresponding urine samples and plasma samples from new COVID-19 patient cohort,with AUC reached to 0.904 and 0.988,*** conclusion,our omics data proposed not only potential therapeutic targets,but also biomarkers for understanding the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19.

关键词： pathogenesis urine drug

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Multi-point Optimization of Recirculation Flow Type Casing Treatment in Centrifugal Compressors

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Journal of Thermal Science 2016年第3期25卷 231-241页

作者： min Thaw tun Daisaku Sakaguchi Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi 852-8521 Nagasaki Japan

High-pressure ratio and wide operating range are highly required for a turbocharger in diesel engines. A recirculation flow type casing treatment is effective for flow range enhancement of centrifugal compressors. Two ring grooves on a suction pipe and a shroud casing wall are connected by means of an annular passage and stable recirculation flow is formed at small flow rates from the downstream groove toward the upstream groove through the annular bypass. The shape of baseline recirculation flow type casing is modified and optimized by using a multi-point optimization code with a metamodel assisted evolutionary algorithm embedding a commercial CFD code CFX from ANSYS. The numerical optimization results give the optimized design of casing with improving adiabatic efficiency in wide operating flow rate range. Sensitivity analysis of design parameters as a function of efficiency has been performed. R is found that the optimized casing design provides optimized recirculation flow rate, in which an increment of entropy rise is minimized at grooves and passages of the rotating impeller.

关键词： Centrifugal Compressor Casing Treatment Multi-point Optimization Turbocharger

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Global Search of a Three-dimensional Low Solidity Circular Cascade Diffuser for Centrifugal Blowers by Meta-model Assisted Optimization

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Journal of Thermal Science 2018年第2期27卷 111-116页

作者： Daisaku Sakaguchi Daiki Sakue min Thaw tun Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan Yangon Technological University Insein Road East Gyogone Insein Township Yangon

A three-dimensional blade of a low solidity circular cascade diffuser in centrifugal blowers is designed by means of a multi-point optimization technique. The optimization aims at improving static pressure coefficient at a design point and at a small flow rate condition. Moreover, a clear definition of secondary flow expressed by positive radial velocity at hub side is taken into consideration in constraints. The number of design parameters for three-dimensional blade reaches to 10 in this study, such as a radial gap, a radial chord length and mean camber angle distribution of the LSD blade with five control points, control point between hub and shroud with two design freedom. Optimization results show clear Pareto front and selected optimum design shows good improvement of pressure rise in diffuser at small flow rate conditions. It is found that three-dimensional blade has advantage to stabilize the secondary flow effect with improving pressure recovery of the low solidity circular cascade diffuser.

关键词： Multi-point optimization Low solidity cascade diffuser Flow range enhancement

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Flow Range Enhancement by Secondary Flow Effect in Low Solidity Circular Cascade Diffusers

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Journal of Thermal Science 2014年第4期23卷 391-400页

作者： Daisaku Sakaguchi min Thaw tun Kanata Mizokoshi Daiki Kishikawa Nagasaki Japan

High-pressure ratio and wide operating range are highly required for compressors and blowers. The technical issue of the design is achievement of suppression of flow separation at small flow rate without deteriorating the efficiency at design flow rate. A numerical simulation is very effective in design procedure, however, cost of the numerical simulation is generally high during the practical design process, and it is difficult to confn＇m the optimal design which is combined with many parameters. A multi-objective optimization technique is the idea that has been proposed for solving the problem in practical design process. In this study, a Low Solidity circular cascade Diffuser （LSD） in a centrifugal blower is successfully designed by means of multi-objective optimization technique. An optimization code with a meta-model assisted evolutionary algorithm is used with a commercial CFD code ANSYS-CFX. The optimization is aiming at improving the static pressure coefficient at design point and at low flow rate condition while constraining the slope of the lift coefficient curve. Moreover, a small tip clearance of the LSD blade was applied in order to activate and to stabilize the secondary flow effect at small flow rate condition. The optimized LSD blade has an extended operating range of 114 % towards smaller flow rate as compared to the baseline design without deteriorating the diffuser pressure recovery at design point. The diffuser pressure rise and operating flow range of the optimized LSD blade are experimentally verified by overall performance test. The detailed flow in the diffuser is also confirmed by means of a Particle Image Velocimeter. Secondary flow is clearly captured by PIV and it spreads to the whole area of LSD blade pitch. It is found that the optimized LSD blade shows good improvement of the blade loading in the whole operating range, while at small flow rate the flow separation on the LSD blade has been successfully suppressed by the secondary flow e

关键词： Low solidity circular cascade diffuser Multi-objective optimization Secondary flow Flow range enhancement

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污水监测追踪新冠病毒的时空动态变化（英文）

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Engineering 2024年第9期 70-77页

作者：郑夏婉 Kathy Leung 徐晓庆邓妤张玉琳陈熙 Chung In Yau Kenny W.K.Hui Eddie Pak Ho-Kwong Chui 杨绒 hein min tun Gabriel Matthew Leung Joseph Tsz Kei Wu Malik Peiris Leo Lit Man Poon 张彤 Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Lab Center for Environmental Engineering Research Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control School of Public Health Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Litd.(D24H) The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital School of Public Health Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Drainage Services Department The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Environmental Protection Department The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong HKU-Pasteur Research Pole The University of Hong Kong

Wastewater surveillance（WWS） can leverage its wide coverage, population-based sampling, and high monitoring frequency to capture citywide pandemic trends independent of clinical surveillance. Here we conducted a nine months daily WWS for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2（SARS-CoV-2） from 12 wastewater treatment plants（WWTPs）, covering approximately 80% of the population,to monitor infection dynamics in Hong Kong, China. We found that the SARS-CoV-2 virus concentration in wastewater was correlated with the daily number of reported cases and reached two pandemic peaks three days earlier during the study period. In addition, two different methods were established to estimate the prevalence/incidence rates from wastewater measurements. The estimated results from wastewater were consistent with findings from two independent citywide clinical surveillance programmes(rapid antigen test（RAT） surveillance and serology surveillance), but higher than the cases number reported by the Centre for Health Protection（CHP） of Hong Kong, China. Moreover, the effective reproductive number（R_t） was estimated from wastewater measurements to reflect both citywide and regional transmission dynamics. Our findings demonstrate that large-scale intensive WWS from WWTPs provides cost-effective and timely public health information, especially when the clinical surveillance is inadequate and costly. This approach also provides insights into pandemic dynamics at higher spatiotemporal resolutions, facilitating the formulation of effective control policies and targeted resource allocation.

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Novel clicked tetrathiafulvalene-calix[4]arene assemblies:Synthesis and intermolecular electron transfer toward p-chloranil

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2013年第7期24卷 573-577页

作者： Bang-tun Zhao Xiao-min Zhu Xiu-Hua Chen Zhen-Ning Yan Wei-min Zhu College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University

Two tetrathiafulvalene-calix[4]arene assemblies （TTF-calix-1 and TFF-calix-2） have been synthesized by the click reaction. Both their cyclic voltammograms show, as expected, two one-electron quasi- reversible redox behavior. The UV-vis absorption spectra studies show that these two assemblies undergo progressive oxidation at the TFF moiety in presence of increasing amounts of Cu2＋ or Hg2＋. Moreover, the absorption studies show intermolecular electron transfer between compounds TrF-calix- I or TI＇F-calix-2 and p-chloranil may be promoted by specific metal ions such as Pb2＋, Sc3＋ etc.

关键词： Tetrathiafulvalene Calixarene Click reaction Chloranil lntermolecular electron transfer

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Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Electroactive Bistetrathiafulvalene-attached Thiacalix[4]arene Assemblies

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2012年第5期28卷 828-832页

作者： ZHAO Bang-tun LI Jia-jia ZHOU Zhen YAN Zhen-ning ZHU Wei-min College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal UniversityLuoyang 471022P R.China Department of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001P R.China

Tetrabromoalkylthiacalix[4]arenes（1a and 1b） reacted with excess bis（tetraethylammonium）-bis（1,3- dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiol）zincate（2） to give thiacalix[4]arene-thiones（3a and 3b） in the presence of Na2S. Two novel bistetrathiafulvalene-attached thiacalix[4]arene assemblies（5a and 5b） formed via triethyl phosphite-mediated cross-coupling of thiacalix[4]arene-thiones（3a and 3b） and 4,5-biscyanoethylthio-1,3-dithiole-2-one（4）. All the four new compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, MS spectra and elemental analysis. Meanwhile, the structures of thiacalix[4]arene-thiones（3a and 3b） were identified by X-ray analysis. In addition, the cyclic voltammograms of the resulting thiacalix[4]arenes containing electroactive TTF units（5a and 5b） were provided.

关键词： Thiacalixarene Tetrathiafulvalene X-Ray diffraction Cyclic voltammetry

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Impact of xylanases on gut microbiota of growing pigs fed corn-or wheat-based diets

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第4期4卷 339-350页

作者： Zhengxiao Zhang hein M.tun Ru Li Beatriz J.M.Gonzalez Hannah C.Keenes Charles M.Nyachoti Elijah Kiarie Ehsan Khafipour Department of Animal Science University of Manitoba Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases University of Manitoba Department of Animal Bioscience University of Guelph

This study investigated the effects of xylanase supplementations with cereal-based diets on nutrient digestibility and gut microbiota of growing pigs. A total of 96 individually penned pigs(initial BW = 22.7 ± 0.65 kg) were allotted to 12 treatments and subjected to a completely randomized block design experiment. Pigs in each treatment were fed an isocaloric wheat-based or corn-based diet with or without 1 of 5 types of xylanase supplements(XA, XB, XC, XD, XE). On d 42, all piglets were euthanized to obtain ileal and cecal digesta for microbial analysis, which involved high-throughput sequencing of the V1 - V3 regions of 16 S rRNA gene. Corn-and wheat-based diets differed(P < 0.05) in digestion characteristics. Dietary treatments affected the alpha-and beta-diversities of microbiota in the cecum but not in the ileum. The wheat-based diet increased(P < 0.05) alphadiversity and clustered separately(P < 0.05) compared with the corn-based diet. Wheat-based diet also promoted the relative abundance of genus(g.) Succinivibrio while corn-based diet promoted the proportion of family(f.) Veillonellaceae in the community. Among xylanases, only XC within the wheat-based diet altered(P < 0.05) the beta-diversity of the cecal microbiota compared with control. For each cereal-based diet and compared with the controls, xylanase treatments affected(P < 0.05) the proportions of 5 bacterial taxa in the ileum(f. Peptostreptococcaceae, order [o.]Streptophyta, f. Clostridiaceae, g. Clostridium and g. Streptococcus) and 8 in the cecum(g. Lactobacillus,g. Streptococcus, class [c.] Clostridia, f. Clostridiaceae, g. Megasphaera, g. Prevotella, g. Roseburia and ***). Network analysis showed that across diets under control treatments, Bacteroidetes was the most influential phylum promoting cooperative relationships among members of the ileum and cecum microbiota. Xylanase treatment, however, reduced the influence of Bacteroidetes and promoted a large number of hub taxa majority

关键词： Piglets Microbiota Xylanase Arabinoxylans Digestibility

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Ultrastructural studies of seed coat and cotyledon during rapeseed maturation

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第5期20卷 1239-1249页

作者： CAO Jian-bo HE Li-min Chinedu Charles NWAFOR QIN Li-hong ZHANG Chun-yu SONG Yan-tun HAO Rong Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation/College of Resources and EnvironmentHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China Public Laboratory of Electron Microscopy Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China

Brassica napus L.(***)is an important oil crop worldwide and it rapidly accumulates oil at late stage of seed ***,little is known about the cellular mechanism of oil accumulation and seed color changes during the late stage of rapeseed ***,we analyzed the ultrastructure of seed coat,aleurone and cotyledon in embryos of *** from 25 to 70 days after flowering(DAF).The pigments,which were deposited on the cell wall of palisade cells in seed coat,determined dark black color of *** chloroplasts degenerated into non-photosynthetic plastids which caused the green cotyledon to turn into *** chloroplasts in aleurone and cotyledon cells respectively degenerated into remnants without inner and outer envelope membranes and ecoplasts with intact inner and outer envelope *** 40 to 70 DAF,there were degraded chloroplasts without thylakoid,oil bodies contacting with plastids or protein bodies,big starch deposits of chloroplasts degrading into small particles then disappearing,and small endoplasmic reticulum(ER)in aleurone and cotyledon ***,there were decreases of chlorophyll content and dramatic increases of oil content in *** results suggested that the rapid oil accumulation was independent on the NADPH synthesized by photosynthesis of chloroplasts and probably utilized other sources of reductant,such as the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway during the late stage of rapeseed *** triacylglycerol assembly presumably utilizes the enzymes in the plastid,cytosol or oil body of cotyledon and aleurone cells.

关键词： rapeseed seed coat plastid development oil synthesis ultrastructure

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