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Brain delivering RNA-based therapeutic strategies by targeting mTOR pathway for axon regeneration after central nervous system injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2157-2165页

作者： Ming-Xi Li Jing-Wen Weng eric s.Ho shing Fung Chow Chi Kwan Tsang Clinical Neuroscience Institute The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Biology and Department of Computer science Lafayette CollegeEastonPAUSA

Injuries to the central nervous system(CNs)such as stroke,brain,and spinal cord trauma often result in permanent disabilities because adult CNs neurons only exhibit limited axon *** brain has a surprising intrinsic capability of recovering itself after ***,the hostile extrinsic microenvironment significantly hinders axon *** advances have indicated that the inactivation of intrinsic regenerative pathways plays a pivotal role in the failure of most adult CNs neuronal ***,substantial evidence has convincingly demonstrated that the mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling is one of the most crucial intrinsic regenerative pathways that drive axonal regeneration and sprouting in various CNs *** this review,we will discuss the recent findings and highlight the critical roles of mTOR pathway in axon regeneration in different types of CNs ***,we will demonstrate that the reactivation of this regenerative pathway can be achieved by blocking the key mTOR signaling components such as phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN).Given that multiple mTOR signaling components are endogenous inhibitory factors of this pathway,we will discuss the promising potential of RNA-based therapeutics which are particularly suitable for this purpose,and the fact that they have attracted substantial attention recently after the success of coronavirus disease 2019 *** specifically tackle the blood-brain barrier issue,we will review the current technology to deliver these RNA therapeutics into the brain with a focus on nanoparticle *** will propose the clinical application of these RNA-mediated therapies in combination with the brain-targeted drug delivery approach against mTOR signaling components as an effective and feasible therapeutic strategy aiming to enhance axonal regeneration for functional recovery after CNs injury.

关键词： axon sprouting axon regeneration brain targeted drug delivery CNs injury ischemic stroke mTOR nanoparticle neural circuit reconstruction PTEN RNA-based therapeutics

A comparative review of artificial muscles for microsystem applications

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第6期7卷 25-43页

作者： Mayue shi eric M.Yeatman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondon SW72AZUK

Artificial muscles are capable of generating actuation in microsystems with outstanding *** years have witnessed a growing academic interest in artificial muscles and their application in many areas,such as soft robotics and biomedical *** paper aims to provide a comparative review of recent advances in artificial muscle based on various operating *** advantages and limitations of each operating mechanism are analyzed and *** to the unique application requirements and electrical and mechanical properties of the muscle types,we suggest suitable artificial muscle mechanisms for specific microsystem ***,we discuss potential strategies for energy delivery,conversion,and storage to promote the energy autonomy of microrobotic systems at a system level.

关键词： artificial generating limitations

Timed-pNets： a communication behavioural semantic model for distributed systems

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Frontiers of Computer science 2015年第1期9卷 87-110页

作者： Yanwen CHEN Yixiang CHEN eric MADELAINE MoE Engineering Research Center for software/Hardware Co-design Technology and Application Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China INRIA sophia Antipolis Mediterannee Sophia Antipolis 06902 France University of Nice sophia Antipolis CNRS Sophia Antipolis 06900 France

This paper presents an approach to build a communication behavioural semantic model for heterogeneous distributed systems that include synchronous and asynchronous communications. since each node of such system has its own physical clock, it brings the challenges of correctly specifying the system time constraints. Based on the logical clocks proposed by Lamport, and CCsL proposed by Aoste team in INRIA, as well as pNets from Oasis team in INRIA, we develop timed-pNets to model communication behaviours for distributed systems. Timed-pNets are tree style hierarchical structures. Each node is associated with a timed specification which consists of a set of logical clocks and some relations on clocks. The leaves are represented by timed-pLTss. Non-leaf nodes （called timed-pNets nodes） are synchronisation devices that synchronize the behaviours of subnets （these subnets can be leaves or non-leaf nodes）. Both timed-pLTss and timed-pNets nodes can be translated to timed specifications. All these notions and methods are illustrated on a simple use-case of car insertion from the area of intelligent transportation systems （ITs）. In the end the Timesquare tool is used to simulate and check the validity of our model.

关键词： ITs logical time formal method timed specification synchronous and asynchronous communication

Microparticles with tunable,cell-like properties for quantitative acoustic mechanophenotyping

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第4期9卷 129-141页

作者： Ryan Dubay eric MDarling Jason Fiering Center for Biomedical Engineering Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA Biological Microsystems DraperCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA school of Engineering Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA Department of Orthopaedics Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA

Mechanical properties of biological cells have been shown to correlate with their biomolecular state and function,and therefore methods to measure these properties at scale are of *** microfluidic technologies can measure the mechanical properties of cells at rates over 20,000 cells/s,which is more than four orders of magnitude faster than conventional ***,precise and repeatable means to calibrate and test these new tools remain lacking,since cells themselves are by nature ***,microfluidic tools use rigid polymer microspheres for calibration because they are widely available in cell-similar sizes,but conventional microspheres do not fully capture the physiological range of other mechanical properties that are equally important to device function(e.g.,elastic modulus and density).Here,we present for the first time development of monodisperse polyacrylamide microparticles with both tunable elasticity and tunable *** these size,elasticity,and density tunable particles,we characterized a custom acoustic microfluidic device that makes single-cell measurements of mechanical *** then applied the approach to measure the distribution of the acoustic properties within samples of human leukocytes and showed that the system successfully discriminates lymphocytes from other *** initial demonstration shows how the tunable microparticles with properties within the physiologically relevant range can be used in conjunction with microfluidic devices for efficient high-throughput measurements of mechanical properties at single-cell resolution.

关键词： tunable elasticity function

spectral Aspects of the skew-shift Operator:A Numerical Perspective

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Communications in Computational Physics 2014年第3期15卷 712-732页

作者： eric Bourgain-Chang Mechanical Engineering Department University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA

In this paper we perform a numerical study of the spectra,eigenstates,and Lyapunov exponents of the skew-shift counterpart to Harper’s *** study is motivated by various conjectures on the spectral theory of these’pseudo-random’models,which are reviewed in detail in the initial sections of the *** numerics carried out at different scales are within agreement with the conjectures and show a striking difference compared with the spectral features of the Almost Mathieu *** particular our numerics establish a small upper bound on the gaps in the spectrum(conjectured to be absent).

关键词： schrödinger operator skew-shift spectrum localization

Disaster Collaborative Exercises for Healthcare Teamwork in a saudi Context

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2023年第2期14卷 183-193页

作者： Mohammed Ali salem sultan Amir Khorram-Manesh Jarle Lφwe sφrensen Johan Berlin eric Carlstrōm Model of Care Healthcare TransformationRegional Health DirectorateNajran66255Saudi Arabia Institute of Health and Care sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyGothenburg University40530GothenburgSweden Institute of Clinical sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyGothenburg University40530GothenburgSweden Gothenburg Emergency Medicine Research Group(GEMREG) Sahlgrenska Academy41345GothenburgSweden UsN school of Business University of South-Eastern Norway3199BorreNorway Department of social and Behavioural studies University West46186TrolhättanSweden

This study aimed to evaluate the development of healthcare teamwork during and after the collaboration tabletop exercises,through observation and interview *** and maturity theoretical models were employed to explain the collaborative challenges in teams that may suffer from unequally distributed power,hierarchies,and *** three-level collaboration tabletop exercises and the Command and control,safety,Communication,Assessment,Treatment,Triage,Transport(CsCATTT)instrument,100 healthcare workers were observed during each step in the implementation of the CsCATTT instrument using two simulated *** results show a lack of integration and team maturity among participants in the first scenario,leading to the delayed start of the activity,task distribution,and decision *** shortcomings were improved in the second ***-depth interviews with 20 participants in the second phase of the study revealed improved knowledge and practical skills,self-confidence,and ability in team building within trans-professional groups in the second scenario,which in concordance with the integration theory,was due to the attempts made in the first ***,there was an improvement in the team’s maturity,which in concordance with the maturity theory,was due to the knowledge and practical skills during scenario *** results indicate the importance of continuous tabletop training,and the use of CsCATTT as a collaborative instrument,to promote the development of collaboration and to test the concept of preparedness.

关键词： Collaboration exercises Disaster education Emergency management Healthcare personnel training saudi Arabia Teamwork

Impact of weather conditions and building design on contaminant infiltration from crawl spaces in swedish schools-Numerical modeling using Monte Carlo method

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Building simulation 2022年第5期15卷 845-858页

作者： Fredrik Domhagen Paula Wahlgren Carl-eric Hagentoft Department for Architecture and Civil Engineering Division of Building TechnologyChalmers University of TechnologySE-41296GothenburgSweden

some swedish school buildings built in the 1960s and 1970s experience indoor air quality problems,where the contaminants are suspected to come from the crawl space underneath the *** poor indoor air quality causes discomfort among pupils and *** an exhaust fan to maintain a negative pressure difference in the crawl space relative to indoors or increasing the ventilation in the classroom are two examples of common measures taken to improve the indoor air ***,these measures are not always effective,and sometimes the school building has to be *** relation between pressure distribution,contaminant concentration in the classroom,outdoor temperature,wind,mechanical ventilation,and air leakage distribution is complex.A better understanding of these relations is crucial for making decisions on the most efficient measure to improve the indoor air *** this paper,a model for contaminant infiltration from the crawl space is used together with the Monte Carlo method to study these *** are performed for several cases where different building shapes,building orientations,shielding conditions,and geographical locations are *** show,for example,that for a building with an imbalanced ventilation system,air is leaking from the crawl space to the classroom for the majority of cases and that concentration levels in the classroom are usually the highest during mild and calm days.

关键词： airtightness air permeability Monte Carlo method infiltration model crawl space indoor air quality

Impact of Virtual Disaster Collaboration Exercises on Disaster Leadership at Hospitals in saudi Arabia

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2021年第6期12卷 879-889页

作者： Mohammed Ali salem sultan Amir Khorram-Manesh eric Carlström Johan Berlin Jarle Løwe sørensen Healthcare Transformation Model of CareRegional Health DirectorateNajran 66255Saudi Arabia Institute of Health and Care sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyGothenburg University40530 GothenburgSweden Institute of Clinical sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyGothenburg University40530 GothenburgSweden Department of Research and Development Swedish Armed Forces Centre for Defence Medicine42676 Gothenburg Sweden Gothenburg Emergency Medicine Research Group(GEMREG) Sahlgrenska Academy41345 GothenburgSweden UsN school of Business Campus VestfoldUniversity of South-Eastern Norway3603 KongsbergNorway Department of Social and Behavioural StudiesUniversity West46186 TrolhattanSweden

This study measured the impact of virtual three-level collaboration (3LC) exercises on participants’ perceived levels of collaboration, learning, and utility (CLU) at hospitals in the southern region of saudi Arabia. Our 3LC exercise is a tabletop training tool used to facilitate disaster education and document CLU. This model enables the practitioner to acquire new knowledge and promotes active learning. An English version of the CLU scale, the validated swedish survey tool, was applied to 100 healthcare managers or leaders in various positions at both the operational and tactical levels after conducting the 3LC exercises. The response rate was 100%, although not all questions were answered in some cases. The results show that most participants strongly agreed that the exercises focused on collaboration (r^(2) = 0.767) and that they had acquired new knowledge during the exercises. There was a statistically significant association between participation in the collaboration exercises and perceived learning (r^(2) = 0.793), as well as between perceived learning and utility (r^(2) = 0.811). The collaboration exercises enhance the perceived effects of CLU. They also improve the ability of participants to adapt situational strategies to achieve a safer society. Although exercises were conducted virtually, they were well received by the participants and achieved a value M = 4.4 CLU score, which opens up new dimensions in collaboration simulation exercises.

关键词： Collaboration exercises Disaster education Emergency management Healthcare personnel training saudi Arabia

Longitudinal analysis of quantitative biomarkers using projection-resolved OCT angiography in retinal vein occlusion

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Annals of Eye science 2021年第2期6卷 19-31页

作者： Alexandra Miere Donato Colantuono Camille Jung Agnès Glacet-Bernard severine Becuwe eric Petit eric souied Department of Ophthalmology Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de CréteilUniversitéParis EstCréteilFrance Laboratory of Images Signals and Intelligent Systems Laboratory(LISSI/EA 3956)University Paris-EstCréteilFrance Clinical Research Center GRC Maculaand Biological Ressources CenterCentre Hospitalier Intercommunal de CréteilCréteilFrance UNIACT NeurospinISVFJCEAGif-sur-YvetteFrance

Background:To evaluate a fully automated vascular density(VD),skeletal density(sD)and fractal dimension(FD)method for the longitudinal analysis of retinal vein occlusion(RVO)eyes using projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)images and to evaluate the association between these quantitative variables and the visual prognosis in RVO ***:Retrospective longitudinal observational case *** presenting with RVO to Creteil University Eye Clinic between October 2014 and December 2018 and healthy controls were retrospectively *** 1 consisted of central RVO(CRVO)eyes,group 2 consisted of eyes with branch RVO(BRVO)and group 3 of healthy control *** acquisitions(AngioVue RTVue XR Avanti,Optovue,Inc.,Freemont,CA)were performed at baseline and last follow up ***,sD,and FD analysis were computed on OCTA superficial and deep vascular complex(sVC,DVC)images at baseline and final follow up using an automated *** regression was performed to find if and which variable(VD,sD,FD)was predictive for the visual ***:Forty-one eyes,of which 21 consecutive eyes of 20 RVO patients(13 CRVO in group 1,8 BRVO in group 2),and 20 eyes of 20 healthy controls were *** the level of sVC,VD and FD were significantly lower in RVO eyes compared to controls(Pspectively).Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)at last follow-up visit was associated with baseline VD(P=0.013),FD(P=0.016),and sD(P=0.01)at the level of the sVC,as well as with baseline FD at the DVC level(P=0.046).Conclusions:Baseline VD,sD,and FD are associated with the visual outcome in RVO *** parameters seem valuable biomarkers and may help improve the evaluation and management of RVO patients.

关键词： Retinal vein occlusion(RVO) vascular density(VD) optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA) fractal dimension(FD) image analysis