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Advances in Zika virus vaccines and therapeutics:A systematic review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第3期17卷 97-109页

作者： Shiza Malik Khalid Muhammad Omar Ahsan Muhammad Tahir Khan Ranjit Sah yasir waheed Bridging Health Foundation Rawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Biology College of SciencesUAE University15551Al AinUnited Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Foundation University Medical CollegeFoundation University IslamabadIslamabad 44000Pakistan INTI International University Persiaran Perdana BBN Putra Nilai71800 NilaiNegeri SembilanMalaysia Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology the University of LahoreKM Defence RoadLahore 58810Pakistan Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine Zhongguancun Scientific ParkNanyang 473006China Department of Microbiology Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalInstitute of MedicineKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of Microbiology Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical CollegeHospital and Research CentreDr.D.Y.Patil VidyapeethPune 411018MaharashtraIndia Department of Public Health Dentistry Dr.D.Y.Patil Dental College and HospitalDr.D.Y.Patil VidyapeethPune 411018MaharashtraIndia Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine Lebanese American UniversityByblos 1401Lebanon

Zika virus(ZIKV)is the causative agent of a viral infection that causes neurological complications in newborns and adults *** wide transmission route and alarming spread rates are of great concern to the scientific *** trials have been conducted to develop treatment options for ZIKV *** review highlights the latest developments in the fields of vaccinology and pharmaceuticals developments for ZIKV infection.A systematic and comprehensive approach was used to gather relevant and up-to-date data so that inferences could be made about the gaps in therapeutic *** results indicate that several therapeutic interventions are being tested against ZIKV infection,such as DNA vaccines,subunit vaccines,live-attenuated vaccines,virus-vector-based vaccines,inactivated vaccines,virus-like particles,and mRNA-based *** addition,approved anti-ZIKV drugs that can reduce the global burden are *** many vaccine candidates for ZIKV are at different stages of development,none of them have received Food and Drug Authority approval for use up to *** issue of side effects associated with these drugs in vulnerable newborns and pregnant women is a major obstacle in the therapeutic pathway.

关键词： Zika virus Infection Therapeutics Antiviral agents Vaccines Therapies Treatment Novel therapeutic Clinical management

Effect of interferon plus ribavirin therapy on hepatitis C virus genotype 3 patients from Pakistan:Treatment response,side effects and future prospective

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第2期8卷 85-89页

作者： yasir waheed Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences National University of Sciences & Technology(NUST)Islamabad 44000Pakistan

More than 10 million people are suffering from hepatitis C virus(HCV) in Pakistan,The available treatment option is a combination of interferon and *** response is linked with several factors and also induces a number of side *** searched in *** Medi Net and Coogle Scholar for the articles presenting the effect of interferon plus ribavirin therapy on HCV patients from Pakistan,their side effects and future *** major prevalent HCV genotype in Pakistan is *** interferon alpha plus ribavirin showed sustained virological response of 54%-64%while pegylaled interferon alpha plus ribavirin showed sustained virological response of 58%-75%.IL-28 B CC genotype is linked with better sustained virological *** on patients with HCV genotype 3 infections showed no correlation between treatment response and interferon sensitivity determining region *** therapy is linked with a number of side effects like thyroid *** disorders,weight loss,gastrointestinal tract side effects and neuropsychiatric side *** side effects of clubbing of fingers and seizures were also observed in a couple of *** alpha plus ribavirin therapy showed better response rate in HCV genotype 3 patients from Pakistan with number of side effects.A couple of interferon free therapies are light of hope for the patients living with HCV.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Interferon therapy Genotype 3

Progress on global hepatitis elimination targets

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第47期27卷 8199-8200页

作者： yasir waheed Multidisciplinary Laboratory Foundation University Medical CollegeFoundation University IslamabadIslamabad 44000Pakistan

In 2016,the World Health Assembly adopted a Global Health Sector Strategy on viral hepatitis,with targets set for the years 2020 and 2030 to achieve hepatitis *** main target of hepatitis elimination strategy is to reduce the incidence of hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)by 90%and mortality by 65%in *** last 5 years,the number of people receiving HCV treatment has increased from 1 million to 9.4 million;however,this number is far from the 2030 target of 40 million people receiving HCV *** and HCV incidence rates are down from 1.4 million to 1.1 million annual deaths but this is far from the 2030 target of<0.5 million *** coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has severely affected the efforts in the fight against *** major donor has committed to investing in the fight against *** is running *** is a need to speed up efforts in the fight against hepatitis to achieve hepatitis elimination by 2030.

关键词： Hepatitis elimination Blood donations Safe injections Hepatitis B vaccination Harm reduction

Ebola in West Africa:an international medical emergency

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第9期4卷 673-674页

作者： yasir waheed Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences(ASAB) National University of Sciences and Technology

West Africa is facing the worst Ebola outbreak with 3685 cases and 1841 deaths reported from Liberia,Cuinea,Senegal,Sierra Leona and *** is no vaccine or direct treatment available to treat the patients with *** Health Organization(WHO) has approved the use of experimental drugs for Ebola *** workers are at high *** governments and WHO are responsible to provide necessary protective equipment to health workers dealing with *** is a strong need to identify the invisible chains of virus *** Bank pledges $200 million to fight against Ebola,while WHO said $430 million are needed to control the Ebola *** can be contained by early detection and isolation of case,contact tracing,monitoring of contacts and adaptation of rigorous procedures for virus control.

关键词： Ebola West Africa Therapeutics Health workers

Hepatitis C virus in Pakistan:A systematic review of prevalence,genotypes and risk factors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第45期15卷 5647-5653页

作者： yasir waheed Talha Shafi Sher Zaman Safi Ishtiaq Qadri NUST Center of Virology and Immunology National University of Sciences & Technology

In Pakistan more than 10 million people are living with Hepatitis C virus (HCV), with high morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the prevalence, genotypes and factors associated with HCV infection in the Pakistani population. A literature search was performed by using the keywords; HCV prevalence, genotypes and risk factors in a Pakistani population, in Pubmed, PakMediNet and Google scholar. Ninetyone different studies dating from 1994 to May 2009 were included in this study, and weighted mean and standard error of each population group was calculated. Percentage prevalence of HCV was 4.95% ± 0.53% in the general adult population, 1.72% ± 0.24% in the pediatric population and 3.64% ± 0.31% in a young population applying for recruitment, whereas a very high 57% ± 17.7% prevalence was observed in injecting drug users and 48.67% ± 1.75% in a multi-transfused population. Most prevalent genotype of HCV was 3a. HCV prevalence was moderate in the general population but very high in injecting drug users and multi-transfused populations. This data suggests that the major contributing factors towards increased HCV prevalence include unchecked blood transfusions and reuse of injection syringes. Awareness programs are required to decrease the future burden of HCV in the Pakistani population.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Prevalence Genotypes Blood transfusions Injections

Zika virus,a pathway to new challenges

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第7期9卷 606-609页

作者： Zubia Jamil yasir waheed Taimoor Zeb Durrani Fauji Foundation Hospital Foundation University Medical College Foundation University IslamabadDHA Phase I Liver Clinic Iftikhar Eye Hospital

The current Zika outbreak is largest of its kind with 1.4 million cases in Brazil *** Health Organization declared the current outbreak as the public health emergency of international *** major route of Zika virus transmission is mosquito *** transmission and monkey bites are also observed in few *** is dire need to evaluate the other routes of transmission like blood transfusion,lactation and contact with body *** virus is infecting infants,not only causing microcephaly but also creating number of complications resulting in bad outcomes of *** Brazil alone,4 000 cases of microcephaly have observed during the current *** incidence of Guillian-Barre(GB) syndrome is also observed during the current Zika virus *** syndrome is acute medical condition leading the patients to death due to weakness of respiratory muscles or can cause the life time *** is no anti-viral drug or vaccine available for Zika *** infection can be prevented by using mosquito repellents,mosquito nets,cooling rooms by air conditions and wearing full sleeves or permethrin treated *** current outbreak of Zika has not only affected the health care but also caused great economic *** loss in Latin America and Caribbean is US$3.5 *** Nation's sustainable development goal 3.d stresses the strengthening of early warning,risk reduction and management of national and global health *** world will keep on facing new challenges in the form of Ebola or Zika;there is strong need to prepare ourselves for any disease outbreak.

关键词： Zika virus Public health emergency Microcephaly Guillian-Barre syndrome Mosquito bites

Clinical outcomes of moderate to severe COVID-19 patients receiving invasive vs. non-invasive ventilation

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2021年第4期14卷 176-182页

作者： Zubia Jamil Samreen Khalid Shahid Mumtaz Abbasi yasir waheed Jamal Ahmed Department of Medicine Foundation University Medical CollegeFoundation UniversityDHA Phase 1 Islamabad 44000Pakistan Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Multidisciplinary Lab Foundation University Medical CollegeFoundation UniversityDHA Phase 1 Islamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Pulmonology Fauji Foundation HospitalRawalpindi 46000Pakistan

Objective:To evaluate the in-hospital outcome of moderate to severe COVID-19 patients admitted in High Dependency Unit(HDU)in relation to invasive ***-invasive mode of ***:In this study,the patients required either non-invasive[oxygen≤10 L/min or>10 L/min through mask or nasal prongs,rebreather masks and bilevel positive airway pressure(BiPAP)]or invasive *** analysis of 30-day in hospital mortality in relation to use of different modes of oxygen,Kaplan Meier and log rank analyses were *** the end,independent predictors of survival were determined by Cox regression ***:Invasive ventilation was required by 15.1%patients while 84.9%patients needed non-invasive *** with evidence of thromboembolism,high inflammatory markers and hypoxemia mainly required invasive *** 30-day in hospital mortality was 72.7%for the invasive group and 12.9%for the non-invasive group(1.8%oxygen10 L/min,3.6%rebreather mask and 4.5%BiPAP).The median time from hospital admission to outcome was 7 days for the invasive group and 18 days for the non-invasive group(P<0.05).Age,presence of co-morbidities,number of days requiring oxygen,rebreather,BiPAP and invasive ventilation were independent predictors of ***:Invasive mechanical ventilation is associated with adverse outcomes possibly due to ventilator associated lung ***,protective non-invasive ventilation remains the necessary and safe treatment for severely hypoxic COVID-19 patients.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Non-invasive ventilation Respiratory insufficiency Hypoxia Mechanical ventilation

Hepatitis elimination by 2030: Progress and challenges

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第44期24卷 4959-4961页

作者： yasir waheed Masood Siddiq Zubia Jamil Muzammil Hasan Najmi Multidisciplinary Laboratory Foundation University Medical College Foundation University Islamabad Department of Medicine Jinnah Memorial Hospital Department of Medicine Fauji Foundation Hospital Foundation University Medical College Foundation University Islamabad Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Foundation University Medical College Foundation University Islamabad

Globally, over 300 million people are living with viral he-patitis with approximately 1.3 million deaths per year. In 2016, World Health Assembly adopted the Global Health Sector Strategy on viral hepatitis to eliminate hepatitis by 2030. Different World Health Organization member countries are working on hepatitis control strategies to achieve hepatitis elimination. So far, only 12 countries are on track to achieve hepatitis elimination targets. The aim of the study was to give an update about the progress and challenges to achieving hepatitis elimination by 2030. According to the latest data, 87% of infants had received the three doses of hepatitis B virus （HBV） vaccination in the frst year of their life and 46% of infants had received a timely birth dose of HBV *** is a strong need to improve blood and injection safety. Rates of hepatitis B and C diagnosis are very low and only 11% of hepatitis B and C cases are diagnosed. There is a dire need to speed up hepatitis diagnosis and find the missing millions of people living with viral hepatitis. Up to 2016, only 3 million hepatitis C cases have been treated. Pricing of hepatitis C virus drugs is also reduced in many countries. The major hurdle to ach-ieve hepatitis elimination is lack of finances to support hepatitis programs. None of the major global donors are committed to invest in the fght against hepatitis. It will be very diffcult for the low and middle-income countries to fund their hepatitis control program. Hepatitis elimination needs strong fnancial and political commitment, support from civil societies, and support from pharmaceutical and medical companies around the globe.

关键词： Hepatitis Global Health Sector Strategy Hepatitis B virus vaccination Injection safety Find

Prediction of promiscuous T cell epitopes in RNA dependent RNA polymerase of Chikungunya virus

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第8期10卷 825-829页

作者： yasir waheed Sher Zaman Safi Muzammil Hasan Najmi Hafsa Aziz Muhammad Imran Foundation University Medical College Foundation University IslamabadDHA-I Islamabad(44000)Pakistan Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials(IRCBM) COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyLahore CampusLahorePakistan Nuclear Medicine Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute Islamabad Islamabad(44000)Pakistan Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences(DMLS) Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences(FHAS)Imperial College of Business Studies(ICBS)LahorePakistan Department of Microbiology University of Health SciencesLahorePakistan

Objective: To explore RNA dependent RNA polymerase of Chikungunya virus(CHIKV) and develop T cell based epitopes with high antigenicity and good binding affinity for the human leukocyte antigen(HLA) classes as targets for epitopes based CHIKV vaccine. Methods: In this study we downloaded 371 non-structural protein 4 protein sequences of CHIKV belonging to different regions of the world from the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases(NIAID) virus pathogen resource database. All the sequences were aligned by using CLUSTALW software and a consensus sequence was developed by using Uni Pro U Gene Software version 1.2.1. PropredⅠand Propred software were used to predict HLAⅠ and HLAⅡ binding promiscuous epitopes from the consensus sequence of non-structural protein 4 protein. The predicted epitopes were analyzed to determine their antigenicity through Vaxijen server version 2.0. All the HLAⅠ binding epitopes were scanned to determine their immunogenic potential through the Immune Epitope Database(IEDB). All the predicted epitopes of our study were fed to IEDB database to determine whether they had been tested earlier. Results: Twenty two HLA class Ⅱ epitopes and eight HLA classⅠepitopes were predicted. The promiscuous epitopes WMNMEVKII at position 486–494 and VRRLNAVLL at 331–339 were found to bind with 37 and 36 of the 51 HLA class Ⅱ alleles respectively. Epitope MANRSRYQS at position 58–66 and epitopes YQSRKVENM at positions 64–72 were predicted to bind with 12 and 9 HLAⅠI alleles with antigenicity scores of 0.754 9 and 1.013 0 respectively. Epitope YSPPINVRL was predicted to bind 18 HLAⅠ alleles and its antigenicity score was 1.425 9 and immunogenicity score was 0.173 83. This epitope is very useful in the preparation of a universal vaccine against CHIKV infection. Conclusions: Epitopes reported in this study showed promiscuity, antigenicity as well as good binding affinity for the HLA classes. These epitopes will provide the baseline for development

关键词： Chikungunya virus Epitope vaccine HLA binding T cell epitopes