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Solid Waste Dumping Site Selection Using GIS and Remote Sensing for Kajiado County, Kenya

Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2014年第11期4卷 693-702页

作者： Titus Mugi Ng'ang'a wachira peter muturi Kimenju John Wangai Wango Tim Joash Ndungu Joseph Matheri Department of Geospatial and Space Technology University ofNairobi Nairobi Kenya School of Biological Sciences University of Nairobi Kenya Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection University of Nairobi Kenya Department of Geomatic and Geospatial Information Systems Jomo Kenyatta University of Science and Technology NairobiKenya Department of Geospatial and Space Technology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Solid waste dumping is a hectic problem in urban and developing areas due to shortage of land for the purpose. The main objective of this study was to select potential areas for suitable solid waste dumping for Kajiado County, Kenya. Eight input map layers including DEM （digital elevation model）, topography, urban settlement, roads, wetlands, rivers, forests and protected areas were prepared and MCDA （Multi Criteria Decision Analysis Methods） were implemented in a GIS （geographic information systems） environment. GIS, RS （remote sensing） and MDCA are powerful tools which can effectively be applied during the planning phase of solid waste management in order to avoid adverse catastrophes in future. The final suitability map was prepared by weighted overlay analyses and leveled as the most suitable, moderate suitable, less suitable and unsuitable areas. The area of each suitability level was calculated using spatial statistics. Polygons representing the most suitable sites were further analyzed in terms of area perimeter ratio in order to investigate the most suitable areas in terms of shape regularity. The leading four polygons considered were marked A, B, C, D respectively in the final map. This study showed that suitable areas for solid waste landfills were limited and scattered in the study area.

关键词： Solid waste dumping geographic information system remote sensing multi criteria decision analysis

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Bacteriophages Isolated in China for the Control of Pectobacterium carotovorum Causing Potato Soft Rot in Kenya

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Virologica Sinica 2019年第3期34卷 287-294页

作者： peter muturi Junping Yu Alice Nyambura Maina Samuel Kariuki Frantis B.Mwaura Hongping Wei Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research InstituteNairobi 00202Kenya School of Biological and Life Sciences Technical University of KenyaNairobi 00200Kenya School of Biological Sciences University of NairobiNairobi 00100Kenya Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre Nairobi 00200Kenya

Soft rot is an economically significant disease in potato and one of the major threats to sustainable potato *** study aimed at isolating lytic bacteriophages and evaluating methods for and the efficacy of applying phages to control potato soft rot caused by Pectobacterium *** bacteriophages isolated from soil and water samples collected in Wuhan,China,were used to infect *** host strains isolated from potato tubers showing soft rot symptoms in Nakuru county,*** efficacy of the phages in controlling soft rot disease was evaluated by applying individual phage strains or a phage cocktail on potato slices and tubers at different time points before or after inoculation with a *** *** phages could lyse 20 strains of ***,but not Pseudomonas fluorescens control *** the 11 phages,Pectobacterium phage Wc5r,interestingly showed cross-activity against Pectobacterium atrosepticum and two phage-resistant *** *** slice assays showed that the phage concentration and timing of application are crucial factors for effective soft rot *** cocktail applied at a concentration of 1×10^9 plaque-forming units per milliliter before or within an hour after bacterial inoculation on potato slices,resulted in>90%reduction of soft rot *** study provides a basis for the development and application of phages to reduce the impact of potato soft rot disease.

关键词： Pectobacterium carotovorum Potato soft rot Bacteriophages Phage resistance

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肯尼亚Nakuru地区马铃薯软腐病原菌分离鉴定及噬菌体防治研究

肯尼亚Nakuru地区马铃薯软腐病原菌分离鉴定及噬菌体防治研究

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作者： peter muturi 中国科学院大学(中国科学院武汉病毒研究所)

学位级别：硕士

溶果胶细菌能够引起马铃薯黑胫病和其他重要植物软腐病,严重影响食品的质量和产量,阻碍经济发展。本研究的目的主要是分离鉴定肯尼亚Nakuru地区感染马铃薯的溶果胶细菌,并针对分离的溶果胶细菌来分离裂解性噬菌体,从而探究合适的噬菌体... 详细信息

溶果胶细菌能够引起马铃薯黑胫病和其他重要植物软腐病,严重影响食品的质量和产量,阻碍经济发展。本研究的目的主要是分离鉴定肯尼亚Nakuru地区感染马铃薯的溶果胶细菌,并针对分离的溶果胶细菌来分离裂解性噬菌体,从而探究合适的噬菌体混合制剂防治马铃薯软腐病。首先,从Nakuru的Molo和Mau Narok地区的不同农场收集有软腐病病症的马铃薯块茎,用结晶紫果胶酸盐培养基培养并分离病原菌,共获得71株病原菌。致病性测试结果显示其中的36株病原菌能浸染马铃薯块茎。用PCR扩增这36株致病菌的16S rDNA,通过测序对致病菌进行初步鉴定,再用BIOLOG微生物鉴定仪进行精准鉴定。鉴定结果显示36株致病菌中有20株软腐果胶杆菌亚种carotovorum,7株荧光假单胞菌B和9株荧光假单胞菌A,用特异性引物Y1和Y2扩增出了20株软腐果胶杆菌的果胶裂解酶编码基因,进一步证明了这20株致病菌为软腐果胶杆菌。以这20株软腐果胶杆菌作为目标菌株,从湖北省武汉市周边采集的土壤和污水中分离到11株噬菌体,其中有7株来属于肌尾噬菌体科,4株属于长尾噬菌体科。通过监测噬菌体和细菌悬液OD600的变化和一步生长曲线,测试了噬菌体的杀菌活性,并在马铃薯片和块上细菌感染后测试了噬菌体的杀菌活性。结果表明11株噬菌体对软腐果胶杆菌有1到1.5小时不等的潜伏期,能将马铃薯软腐病的发病率降低50%以上,显示出噬菌体可能的生物防治能力。当单独噬菌体或者噬菌体混合剂的滴度达到1×10时,能杀灭90%以上的细菌。实验结果表明噬菌体制剂能裂解所有20株软腐果胶杆菌亚种carotovorum,但对分离的荧光假单胞菌没有杀菌活性;针对两株筛选的耐噬菌体的果胶杆菌,分离出噬菌体pcp5f,其不仅能有效裂解两株耐噬菌体的果胶杆菌,还对黑胫病细菌具有杀菌活性。综上所述,本研究反映了肯尼亚Nakuru地区马铃薯软腐病的病原菌的流行病学,引起的软腐病的溶果胶细菌来自于果胶杆菌属和假单胞菌属,并且开发了一种生态友好型生物防治剂-噬菌体混合制剂,能有效防治马铃薯软腐病和黑胫病。

关键词：马铃薯软腐病 16S rDNA BIOLOG 果胶杆菌荧光假单胞菌噬菌体

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Blind spots in climate finance for innovation peter WARREN

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第1期11卷 60-64页

作者： peter WARREN School of Public Policy University College London(UCL)LondonWCIH 9QUUK

International climate finance is a sub-set of green finance and refers to investments specifically in climate change mitigation and adaptation activities,which primarily involve public finance and the leveraging of private finance in developing *** addition to continued international support for scaling low carbon solutions and facilitating replicability in developing countries,there remains an important need to increase the amount of climate finance provided to innovation,particularly demonstration(for technology innovation)and pilot implementation(for policy innovation),and to channel a greater proportion of Official Development Assistance(ODA)to‘hard-to-abate'areas,such as industrial decarbonisation,international transport and cross-sectoral issues like cooling and behavioural insights,to accelerate the commercialisation and implementation of technological,linancial and policy solutions to contribute to meeting the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global warming to‘well-below'2℃ in these *** research,development and demonstration(RD&D)support with technical assistance is important in providing the route to obtain wider donor finance(concessional finance)and private finance to enable deployment through scalability and replicability.

关键词： Climate finance Climate policy Paris Agreement Official development assistance Industrial decarbonisation Sustainable cooling Behavioural insights International transport

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On some aspects of minimum redundancy maximum relevance feature selection

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2020年第1期63卷 89-103页

作者： peter BUGATA peter DROTAR Intelligent Information Systems Lab Technical University of Kosice

The feature selection is an important challenge in many areas of machine learning because it plays a crucial role in the interpretations of machine-driven decisions. There are various approaches to the feature selection problem and methods based on the information theory comprise an important ***, the minimum redundancy maximum relevance(m RMR) feature selection is undoubtedly the most popular one with widespread application. In this paper, we prove in contrast to an existing finding that the m RMR is not equivalent to Max-Dependency criterion for first-order incremental feature selection. We present another form of equivalence leading to a generalization of m RMR feature selection. Additionally,we compare several feature selection methods based on m RMR, Max-Dependency, and feature ranking,employing different measures of dependency. The results on high-dimensional real-world datasets show that the distance correlation is the suitable measure for dependency-based feature selection methods. The results also indicate that the Max-Dependency incremental algorithm combined with distance correlation appears to be a promising feature selection approach.

关键词： big data information theory feature selection dimensionality reduction minimum redundancy maximum relevance m RMR

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Evaluation of the adjuvanticity of artemisinin with soluble Leishmania major antigens in BALB/c mice

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Journal of Nanjing Medical University 2009年第6期23卷 359-372页

作者： Albert Kimutai Willy K. Tonui Michael M. Gicheru peter Kamau Ngure Johnstone Ingonga Stella Kepha Laban Ireri Njeru Dorcas wachira Robert Karanja Muhia Milkah Mwangi Lydia B. Nyamwamu Department of Zoological Sciences Kenyatta University Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute Science Department Daystar University School of Biological Sciences University of Nairobi

Objective： To determine the adjuvant potential of artemisinin with a soluble leishmanial antigen in vaccinating BALB/c mice. Methods： Seventy two female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into six groups. The mice were vaccinated with soluble Leishmania antigens （SLA） alone, artemisinin co-administered with SLA, SLA and Bacille Calmette Gu fin （BCG） vaccine, and artemisinin and BCG alone. Unvaccinated mice formed the control group. The induction of cell-mediated immunity following vaccination was determined by measuring in vitro lymphocyte proliferation and the production of interleukin （IL）-4, IL-5 and gamma interferon （IFN-γ） determined by flow cytometry. Protection against L. major was determined by quantifying parasite burdens in L. major infected footpads using a limiting dilution assay and by measuring lesion sizes of the infected footpad compared to the contralateral uninfected footpad. Results： Mice receiving SLA plus artemisinin produced significantly high levels of IL-4 and IL-5 （P 〈 0.05） and low levels of IFN-γ, resulting in exacerbated disease. In addition, subcutaneous administration of SLA ＋ artemisinin, artemisinin alone or SLA alone resulted in the development of large footpad swellings and high parasite loads that were comparable to those of the control unvaccinated mice （P 〉 0.05）, resulting in exacerbated disease. Conclusion： These data suggest that artemisinin is not a suitable adjuvant for Leishmania vaccines. However, since artemisinin has been shown to be effective against Leishmania parasites in vitro and in vivo, further studies ought to be conducted to determine its immunochemotherapeutic potential when co-administered with Leishmania antigens.

关键词： Artemisinin Leishmania Soluble Leishmania antigens BALB/c mice immunity cytokine adjuvant interleukin-4 (IL-4) IL-5 IFN-γ lesion size footpad lesion vaccine parasite burden proliferation stimulation index

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Translation and Ideology in the Integration of National Literature into World Literature: A Dialogue with Professor peter Hajdu

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2018年第3期4卷 117-130页

作者： Xiangchun Meng peter Hajdu Soochow University China Hungarian Academy of Sciences Hungary

In their dialogue, peter Hajdu and Meng Xiangchun focus on the integration of national literature into world literature and the roles of translation and ideology in the process. peter Hajdu＇s major ideas include： 1） the selection of a foreign piece of literature mostly depends on the target culture＇s demands, of which the reception of Petbfi Soindor＇s ＂Liberty and Love＂ is a good example; 2） it is usual that smaller literary communities translate from another smaller community＇s literature what already had a success in a major market. Peripheries do not communicate directly, but via a center, and this practice also reinforces the privileged position of the center; 3） the hermeneutic circle may help us understand domestication and foreignization in translation. We understand something strange though the familiar and complete strangeness cannot be understood. Therefore it is theoretically possible that making something more familiar helps one understand its otherness; 4） Readers of translatedcontemporary Chinese literature tend to be particularly interested in the representation of social reality and political/ideological issues; and 5） Mo Yan＇s works travel well because they also make use of various Western literary traditions. Meng Xiangchun puts forward a theory that he tentatively terms ＂the theory of translation dynamics＂ or ＂translation interactology＂ and it will focus on how the numerous factors and considerations in translation act on one another within the target/source language and across languages. Within the framework of translation dynamics, he offers a descriptive parallel comparative 7W approach to integrated translation studies by juxtaposing the 7Ws of the original and target texts and identifying/decoding the nexus among these Ws vertically （of both the original text and the target text） and horizontally （within the same text）, the 7Ws referring to ＂in what context for what who says what to whom in what way with what effect and feedback＂.

关键词： national literature world literature translation ideology translation dynamics

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Methyl-β-cyclodextrin enhanced biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and associated microbial activity in contaminated soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第5期24卷 926-933页

作者： peter Christie Agri-Environment Branch Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Newforge Lane Belfast BT9 5PX United Kingdom

The contamination of soils by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） is a widespread environmental problem and the remediation of PAHs from these areas has been a major concern. The effectiveness of many in situ bioremediation systems may be constrained by low contaminant bioavailability due to limited aqueous solubility or a large magnitude of sorption. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of methyl-β-cyclodextrin （MCD） on bioaugmentation by Paracoccus sp. strain HPD-2 of an aged PAH-contaminated soil. When 10% （W/W） MCD amendment was combined with bioaugmentation by the PAH-degrading bacterium Paracoccus sp. strain HPD-2, the percentage degradation of total PAHs was significantly enhanced up to 34.8%. Higher counts of culturable PAH- degrading bacteria and higher soil dehydrogenase and soil polyphenol oxidase activities were observed in 10% （W/W） MCD-assisted bioaugmentation soil. This MCD-assisted bioaugmentation strategy showed significant increases （p 〈 0.05） in the average well color development （AWCD） obtained by the BIOLOG Eco plate assay, Shannon-Weaver index （H） and Simpson index （λ） compared with the controls, implying that this strategy at least partially restored the microbiological functioning of the PAH-contaminated soil. The results suggest that MCD-aided bioaugmentation by Paracoccus sp. strain HPD-2 may be a promising practical bioremediation strategy for aged PAH-contaminated soils.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons methyl-β-cyclodextrin biodegradation Paracoccus sp. strain HPD-2 microbial activity

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Extraction of methane hydrate energy by carbon dioxide injection-key challenges and a paradigm shift

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第9期27卷 2044-2048页

作者： peter Englezos Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The University of British Columbia

Significant effort including field work has been devoted to develop a natural gas extraction technology from natural gas hydrate reservoirs through the injection of carbon dioxide. Natural gas hydrate is practically methane hydrate. The hypothesis is that carbon dioxide will be stored as hydrate owing to its favorable stability conditions compared to methane hydrate. Although the dynamics of the CO2/CH4 exchange process are not entirely understood it is established that the exchange process is feasible. The extent is limited but even if the CH4 recovery is optimized there is a need for a CH4/CO2 separation plant to enable a complete cyclic sequence of CO2 capture, injection and CH4 recovery. In this paper we propose an alternative paradigm to the Inject(CO2)/Exchange with(CH4)/Recover(CH4) one namely Recover(CH4) first and then Inject(CO2) for Storage.

关键词： Carbon dioxide hydrate Methane hydrate Carbon storage Carbon sequestration Energy Paradigm shift

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An Interview with peter Deadman—Acupuncture Pioneer and Founder of The Journal of Chinese Medicine

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 19-28页

作者： Ioannis Solos Charles Buck peter Deadman Saint George Clinic and Research Institute Scottsdale 85251the United States of America Northern College of Acupuncture Micklegate YO16LJthe United Kingdom British Acupuncture Council London W129HQthe United Kingdom The Register of Chinese Herbal Medicine London WC1N 3GSthe United Kingdom

This interview was conducted on August 21st, 2022 by Charles Buck and Ioannis Solos. peter Deadman has worked in the field of health promotion for 50 years. He co-founded Infinity Foods(an organic and natural foods workers co-op) in 1971, followed by the Brighton Natural Health Centre-a charity dedicated to teaching ways to improve personal, community and planetary health and wellbeing. He qualified as an acupuncturist in 1978 and in Chinese herbal medicine in 1990. He founded The Journal of Chinese Medicine(UK) in 1979(Fig. 1), and co-authored A Manual of Acupuncture(published in 1998). He is the author of Live Well Live Long: Teachings from the Chinese Nourishment of Life Tradition. He has taught Chinese medicine and health promotion internationally for decades and is a dedicated practitioner and teacher of Qi Gong(气功).

关键词： Acupuncture Medicine herbal

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