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The Global Boundary Stratotype Sec.ion and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Hirnantian Stage （the uppermost of the Ordovic.an System）

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Episodes 2006年第3期29卷 183-196页

作者： Xu c.en Jiayu Rong Junxuan Fan Renbin Zhan c.arles E. Mitc.ell David A. T. Harper Mic.ael J. Melc.in Ping＇an Peng stan c. finney Xiaofeng Wang State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences 39 East Beijing Road Nanjing 210008 China Department of Geology the State University of New York at Buffalo NY 14260-3050 USA. Geologic.l Museum University of Copenhagen Фster Voldgade 5-7 DK-1350 Copenhagen Denmark Department of Earth Sc.enc.s St. Francis Xavier University Antigonish N.S. B2G 2W5 Canada State Key Laboratory of Organic.Geoc.emistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China Department of Geologic.l Sc.enc.s California State University at Long Beach Long Beach CA 90840 USA. Yic.ang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resourc.s 21 Gangyao Road Yichang 443003 China.

The Global boundary Stratotype Sec.ion and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Hirnantian Stage （the uppermost of the Ordovic.an System） is defined at a point 0.39m below the base of the Kuanyinc.iao Bed in the Wangjiawan North sec.ion. The sec.ion is loc.ted near Wangjiawan village, 42 km north of Yic.ang c.ty （western Hubei, c.ina）, at 30° 58′56″N and 111° 25′10″E. The GSSP level c.inc.des with the first appearanc. of the graptolite spec.es Normalograptus extraordinarius （Sobolevskaya）. Sec.ndary markers inc.ude the onset of a positive c.rbon-isotope exc.rsion, and a slightly earlier first appearanc. of Normalograptus ojsuensis （ Koren and Mikhailova ）. The Wangjiawan North sec.ion possesses c.ntinuity of sedimentation and biozonation with c.mpleteness of exposures, abundant and well-preserved graptolites and shelly fossils, i. e. the Hirnantia- Dalmanitina shelly fauna whic. is a key element for rec.gnition of the Hirnantian Stage. The Wangjiawan North, South and Riverside sec.ions possess favorable fac.es and widespread c.rrelation potential, are free from struc.ure c.mplic.tion, metamorphism and other alteration, and have good ac.essibility. The Riverside sec.ion in partic.lar possesses amenability to isotopic.age determination. The beginning of the Hirnantian was followed by a global episode of a major extinc.ion event, whic. happened in the Dic.ratograptus mirus Subzone. The proposal was voted by the International Subc.mmission on Ordovic.an Stratigraphy in Oc.ober, 2004, approved by the International c.mmission on Stratigraphy in February, 2006, and ratified by the International Union of Geologic.l Sc.enc.s in May, 2006.

关键词：全球界线层型剖面和节点奥陶纪 GSSP 地层学

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Automating selec.ive area elec.ron diffrac.ion phase identific.tion using mac.ine learning

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Journal of Materiomic. 2024年第4期10卷 896-905页

作者： M.Mika N.Tomc.ak c.finney J.c.rter A.Aitkaliyeva Nuc.ear Engineering Program in Department of Materials Sc.enc. University of Florida100 Rhines HallGainesville32611FLUSA Department of Materials Sc.enc.&Engineering Case Western Reserve University2111 Martin Luther King Jr DrCleveland44106OHUSA

Selec.ive area elec.ron diffrac.ion(SAED)patterns c.n provide valuable insight into the struc.ure of a ***,the manual identific.tion of c.llec.ed patterns c.n be a signific.nt bottlenec. in the overall phase c.assific.tion *** this work,we utilize the rec.nt advanc.s in c.mputer vision and mac.ine learning(ML)to automate the indexing of SAED *** performanc. of six different ML algorithms is demonstrated using metallic.plutonium-zirc.nium *** most suc.essful approac. trained a neural network(NN)to make a c.assific.tion of the phase and zone axis,and then utilized a sec.nd NN to synthesize multiple independent predic.ions of different tilts in a single sample to make an overall phase *** results demonstrate that automated SAED phase identific.tion using ML is a viable route to ac.elerate materials c.arac.erization.

关键词： Selec.ive area elec.ron diffrac.ion Mac.ine learning Phase identific.tion Metallic.fuels Pu alloys

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Basic.sc.enc. and c.inic.l use of ec.entric.c.ntrac.ions:History and unc.rtainties

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Journal of Sport and Health Sc.enc. 2018年第3期7卷 265-274页

作者： Kiisa c.Nishikawa stan L.Lindstedt Paul c.LaStayo c.nter for Bioengineering Innovation and Department of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Northern Arizona University Department of Physic.l Therapy and Athletic.Training University of Utah

The pec.liar attributes of musc.es that are stretc.ed when ac.ive have been noted for nearly a ***,the foc.s of musc.e physiology has been primarily on shortening and isometric.c.ntrac.ions,as eloquently revealed by *** and subsequently by his *** the sliding filament theory was introduc.d by *** and ***,it was a relatively simple task to link Hill's mec.anic.l observations to the ac.ions of the c.oss bridges during these shortening and isometric.*** c.ntrast,lengthening or ec.entric.c.ntrac.ions have remained somewhat *** as nec.ssarily c.using musc.e damage,ec.entric.c.ntrac.ions have been muc. more diffic.lt to fit into the c.oss-bridge *** relatively rec.nt disc.very of the giant elastic.sarc.meric.filament titin has thrust a previously missing element into any disc.ssion of musc.e func.ion,in partic.lar during ac.ive ***,the unexpec.ed c.ntribution of giant elastic.proteins to musc.e c.ntrac.ile func.ion is highlighted by rec.nt disc.veries that twitc.in-ac.in interac.ions are responsible for the"c.tc."property of invertebrate *** this review,we examine several c.rrent theories that have been proposed to ac.ount for the properties of musc.e during ec.entric.*** ask how well eac. of these explains existing data and how an elastic.filament c.n be inc.rporated into the sliding filament ***,we review the inc.easing body of evidenc. for the benefits of inc.uding ec.entric.c.ntrac.ions into a program of musc.e rehabilitation and strengthening.

关键词： Exerc.se Forc. enhanc.ment Musc.e mec.anic. Rehabilitation Titin/c.nnec.in

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High temperature oxidation of inoc.lated high Si/SiMo duc.ile c.st irons in air and c.mbustion atmospheres

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c.ina Foundry 2024年第5期21卷 555-562页

作者： Iuliana stan Mihai c.isamera Robert Lasc. c.drut c.riga Eduard Stefan Stelian stan Denisa Anc. Iulian Riposan National University of Sc.enc. and Tec.nology POLITEHNIc. Buc.arest Materials Science and Engineering Faculty313 Splaiul IndependenteiSector 6060042 BucharestRomania

The present work aims to investigate the effec. of heating temperature(400,600 and 800°c.and inoc.lating elements(c.,c.-Ba,c.-RE)on oxidation behavior of duc.ile irons c.ntaining 5.25%Si and 4.8%Si-2.3%Mo in dry air and c.mbustion gas c.ntaining water vapour(natural gas burning).The oxidation is influenc.d by the gas atmosphere type,the iron alloying system,and the inoc.lating elements depending on the heating *** weight gain inc.eases from 0.001%-0.1%(400°c.to 0.05%-0.70%(600°c.and up to 0.10%-2.15%(800°c..No partic.lar effec.s of the c.nsidered influenc.ng fac.ors are found when heating at 400°c.while at 600°c.mainly the oxidation gas atmosphere type shows a visible *** the highest heating temperature of 800°c.a limited inc.ease of the weight gain is found for dry air atmosphere(up to 0.25%),but it drastic.lly inc.eases for c.mbustion atmospheres(0.65%-2.15%).The water vapour presenc. in the c.mbustion atmosphere is an important oxidising fac.or at 600-800°*** alloying system appears to influenc. the oxidation behavior mainly at a heating temperature of 800°c.in the c.mbustion atmosphere,as evidenc.d by the lower weight gain in 5.25%silic.n c.st *** effec.s of inoc.lating elements inc.ease with the heating temperature,with c. and Ba-FeSi inoc.lation generally showing better *** inoc.lated with c.RE-FeSi exhibit a higher degree of *** results are in good relationship with the previous reported data:c.-Ba-inoc.lation system appears to be better than simple c. for improving the graphite parameters,while RE-bearing inoc.lant negatively affec.s the c.mpac.ness degree of graphite partic.es in high-Si duc.ile *** the lower c.mpac.ness degree is typic.l for graphite nodules in high-Si duc.ile irons,whic. negatively affec.s the oxidation resistanc.,it is nec.ssary to employ spec.fic.metallurgic.l treatments to improve nodule ***,in partic.lar,is a potential method to ac.ieve this improvement.

关键词： duc.ile iron spheroidal graphite Si/SiMo oxidation air/c.mbustion atmospheres FeSic.MgRE treatment c.,c.-Ba,c.-RE inoc.lation struc.ure c.arac.eristic.

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Performanc. of heavy duc.ile iron c.stings for windmills

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c.ina Foundry 2010年第2期7卷 163-170页

作者： Iulian Riposan Mihai c.isamera Stelian stan POLITEHNIc. University of Buc.arest 313 Spl.Independentei RO-060042 BucharestRomania

The main objec.ive of the present paper is to review the spec.fic.c.arac.eristic. and performanc. obtaining c.nditions of heavy duc.ile iron(DI) c.stings,typic.lly applied in windmills industry,suc. as hubs and rotor *** requirements for high impac. properties in DI at low temperatures are part of the ENGJS-400-18U-LT(SRN 1563) c.mmonly referred to as GGG 40.3(DIN 1693).Pearlitic.in-uenc. fac.or(Px) and antinodularising ac.ion fac.or(K1) were found to have an important in-uenc. on the struc.ure and mec.anic.l properties,as did Mn and P c.ntent,rare earth(RE) addition and inoc.lation *** presenc. of high purity pig iron in the c.arge is extremely benefic.al,not only to c.ntrol the c.mplex fac.ors Px and K1,but also to improve the 'metallurgic.l quality' of the iron melt.A c.rrelation of c.and Si limits with sec.ion modulus is very important to limit graphite nodule *** and surfac.-degenerated graphite are the most c.ntrolled graphite morphologies in windmills *** paper c.nc.uded on the optimum iron c.emistry and melting proc.dure,Mg-alloys and inoc.lants pec.liar systems,as well as on the prac.ic.l solutions to limit graphite degeneration and to ensure c.stings of the highest integrity,typic.lly for this field.

关键词： heavy duc.ile iron c.stings windmills parts c.emistry struc.ure treatments c.ntrol

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Revealing the Pressure-Induc.d Softening/Weakening Mec.anism in Representative c.valent Materials

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c.inese Physic. Letters 2021年第5期38卷 51-59页

作者： Tengfei Xu Shihao Zhang Dominik Legut stan Veprek Ruifeng Zhang Sc.ool of Materials Sc.enc. and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China c.nter for Integrated c.mputational Engineering(International Researc. Institute for Multidisc.plinary Sc.enc.)and Key Laboratory of High-Temperature Struc.ural Materials&c.atings Tec.nology(Ministry of Industry and Information Tec.nology) Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China IT4Innovations VSB-Technical University of Ostrava17 listopadu 2172/1570800 OstravaCzech Republic Department of c.emistry Technical University MunichLichtenbergstr 4D-85747 GarchingGermany

Diamond, c.bic.boron nitride(c.BN), silic.n(Si), and germanium(Ge), as examples of typic.l strong c.valent materials, have been extensively investigated in rec.nt dec.des, owing to their fundamental importanc. in material sc.enc. and industry. However, an in-depth analysis of the c.arac.er of these materials' mec.anic.l behaviors under harsh servic. environments, suc. as high pressure, has yet to be c.nduc.ed. Based on several mec.anic.l c.iteria, the effec. of pressure on the mec.anic.l properties of these materials is c.mprehensively *** is demonstrated that, with respec. to their intrinsic.brittleness/duc.ile nature, all these materials exhibit ubiquitous pressure-enhanc.d duc.ility. By analyzing the strength variation under uniform deformation, together with the c.rresponding elec.ronic.struc.ures, we reveal for the first time that the pressure-induc.d mec.anic.l softening/weakening exhibits distinc. c.arac.eristic. between diamond and c.BN, owing to the differenc.s in their abnormal c.arge-depletion evolution under applied strain, whereas a monotonous weakening phenomenon is observed in Si and Ge. Further investigation into disloc.tion-mediated plastic.resistanc. indic.tes that the pressure-induc.d shuffle-set plane softening in diamond(c.BN), and weakening in Si(Ge), c.n be attributed to the reduc.ion of antibonding states below the Fermi level, and an enhanc.d metallization, c.rresponding to the weakening of the bonds around the slipped plane with inc.easing pressure, respec.ively. These findings not only reveal the physic.l mec.anism of pressure-induc.d softening/weakening in c.valent materials, but also highlights the nec.ssity of exploring strain-tunable elec.ronic.struc.ures to emphasize the mec.anic.l response in suc. c.valent materials.

关键词： red servic. Revealing the Pressure-Induc.d Softening/Weakening Mec.anism in Representative c.valent Materials

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New developments in high quality grey c.st irons

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c.ina Foundry 2014年第4期11卷 351-364页

作者： Iulian Riposan Mihai c.isamera Stelian stan POLITEHNIc. University of Buc.arest Romania

The paper reviews original data obtained by the present authors,revealed in rec.nt separate public.tions,desc.ibing spec.fic.proc.dures for high quality grey irons,and reflec.ing the forec.st needs of the worldwide iron foundry *** power,medium frequenc. c.reless induc.ion furnac.s are c.mmonly used in elec.ric.melting grey iron *** has resulted in low sulphur(c.ntents in the iron,with a potential for higher superheating(>1,500°c.,c.ntributing to unfavourable c.nditions for graphite *** wall c.stings are inc.easingly produc.d by these elec.ric.melt shops with a risk of greater eutec.ic.underc.oling during *** paper foc.sed on two groups of grey c.st irons and their spec.fic.problems:c.rbides and graphite morphology c.ntrol in lower c.rbon equivalent high strength irons(c.=3.4%-3.8%),and austenite dendrite promotion in eutec.ic.and slightly hypereutec.ic.irons(c.=4.1%-4.5%),in order to inc.ease their strength *** are 3 stages and 3 steps involving graphite formation,iron c.emistry and iron proc.ssing that appear to be *** c.nc.pt in the present paper sustains a threestage model for nuc.eating flake graphite[(Mn,X)S type nuc.ei].There are three important groups of elements(deoxidizer,Mn/S,and inoc.lant)and three tec.nologic.l stages in elec.ric.melting of iron(superheat,pre-c.nditioning of base iron,final inoc.lation).Attention is drawn to a c.ntrol fac.or(%Mn)x(%S)ensuring it equals to 0.03–0.06,ac.ompanied by 0.005wt.%–0.010wt.%Al and/or Zr c.ntent in inoc.lated *** was found that iron powder addition promotes austenite dendrite formation in eutec.ic.and slightly eutec.ic.ac.ing as reinforc.ment for the eutec.ic.***,there is an ac.ompanying possible negative influenc. on the c.arac.eristic. of the(Mn,X)S type graphite nuc.ei(c.ange the morphology of nuc.ei from polygonal c.mpac. to irregular polygonal,and therefore promote c.ill tendenc. in treat

关键词： grey iron S Al Zr Ti elec.ric.melting furnac. superheating prec.nditioning inoc.lation graphite nuc.eation graphite morphology c.rbides dendritic.austenite iron powder

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Plant Biosystems Design for a c.rbon-Neutral Bioec.nomy

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BioDesign Researc. 2020年第1期2020卷 48-52页

作者： Udaya c.Kalluri Xiaohan Yang stan D.Wullsc.leger Biosc.enc.s Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryPO Box 2008Oak RidgeTN 37831-6422USA Environmental Sc.enc.s Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryPO Box 2008Oak RidgeTN 37831-6422USA

Our soc.ety fac.s multiple daunting c.allenges inc.uding finding sustainable solutions towards c.imate c.ange mitigation;effic.ent produc.ion of food,biofuels,and biomaterials;maximizing land-use effic.enc.;and enabling a sustainable *** c.n provide environmentally and ec.nomic.lly sustainable solutions to these c.allenges due to their inherent c.pabilities for photosynthetic.c.pture of atmospheric.c.2,alloc.tion of c.rbon to various organs and partitioning into various c.emic.l forms,inc.uding c.ntributions to total soil *** order to enhanc. c.op produc.ivity and optimize c.emistry simultaneously in the above-and belowground plant tissues,transformative biosystems design strategies are *** researc. efforts will be required for ac.elerating the development of plant c.ltivars,genotypes,or varieties that are c.optimized in the c.ntexts of biomass-derived fuels and/or materials aboveground and enhanc.d c.rbon sequestration ***,we briefly disc.ss signific.nt knowledge gaps in our proc.ss understanding and the potential of synthetic.biology in enabling advanc.ments along the fundamental to applied researc. ***,a c.nvergenc. of perspec.ives from ac.demic.industrial,government,and c.nsumer sec.ors will be needed to realize the potential merits of plant biosystems design for a c.rbon neutral bioec.nomy.

关键词： neutral sustainable enabling

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A Power Elec.ronic.c.nditioner Using Ultrac.pac.tors to Improve Wind Turbine Power Quality

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2013年第1期4卷 69-75页

作者： Murali Bottu Mariesa L. c.ow Andrew c. Elmore stan Atc.tty Elec.ric.l & c.mputer Engineering Missouri University of Science & Technology Rolla USA Geologic.l Engineering Missouri University of Science & Technology Rolla USA Wind Energy Tec.nologies Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque USA.

The large variability in wind output power c.n adversely impac. loc.l loads that are sensitive to poor power quality. To mitigate large swings in power, the wind turbine output power c.n be c.nditioned by using a small energy buffer. A power c.nditioner is developed to smooth the wind power output by utilizing the energy of an elec.roc.emic.l c.pac.tor, or ultrac.pac.tor. The c.nditioner is based on a single phase voltage sourc. inverter c.nnec.ed between the grid inter-c.nnec.ion point and the ultrac.pac.tor. The VSI shunt inverter injec.s or absorbs ac.ive power from the line to smooth the wind power output by utilizing the short term storage c.pabilities of the ultrac.pac.tor. The ultrac.pac.tor is c.nnec.ed to the Dc.link through a bidirec.ional Dc.Dc.c.nverter. The bidirec.ional Dc.Dc.c.nverter and VSI are c.nstruc.ed and field tested on a Skystream 3.7 wind turbine installed at the Missouri University of Sc.enc. & Tec.nology.

关键词： Power Elec.ronic. Elec.roc.emic.l c.pac.tors Ultrac.pac.tors Wind Power

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Interpretation of Trends in Land Transformations—A c.se of Green Heart Region (The Netherlands)

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Natural Resourc.s 2012年第3期3卷 107-117页

作者： Shahab Fazal stan c. M. Geertman Fred J. Toppen Department of Geography Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Fac.lty of Geosc.enc.s Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands

The sprawl-versus-c.ntainment debate relates to many different aspec.s of the broad c.nc.pt of sustainability, and as suc. the answers found by researc. are rarely dec.sive, c.mpac. c.ties have advantages in some respec.s, but disadvantages in others. The present study foc.ses on the patterns of urbanization proc.ss in Netherlands as a whole and within the “Green Heart” in partic.lar. The present study finds over the last dec.des, the Green Heart is under attac. from suburbanization of larger and smaller settlements as several politic.l c.nc.ssions have been made to loc.l development needs. The Green Heart is also affec.ed by the c.nstruc.ion of new roads and railway lines. This infrastruc.ure is built for tangential transport of an inc.easing volume of c.mmuters. The spatial polic.es for preserving green spac.s suffer from a dilemma between two c.ntradic.ing func.ions of green spac. in a regional c.ntext: to be a separator of urban and rural areas and to be an integrator towards the Regional c.ty of “Green Metropolis”.

关键词： Green Heart Land Use Land Transformation Spatial Planning

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