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Diabetes-inducing effects of bronchial asthma

World Journal of Diabetes 2025年第1期16卷 121-139页

作者： Mohammed Al-Beltagi Adel Salah Bediwy Nermin Kamal Saeed Hosameldin A Bediwy reem elbeltagi Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Pulmonology Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 26671ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologyIrish Royal College of SurgeonBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Faculty of Medicine Tanta UniversityTanta 31527AlgharbiaEgypt Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain

BACKGROUND The relationship between diabetes mellitus(DM)and asthma is complex and can impact disease *** To explore the bidirectional influences between the two conditions on clinical outcomes and disease *** We systematically reviewed the literature on the relationship between DM and asthma,focusing on their impacts,mechanisms,and therapeutic *** studies were assessed,which investigated the effect of glycemic control on asthma outcomes,lung function,and *** study highlighted the role of specific diabetes medications in managing *** The results showed that poor glycemic control in diabetes can exacerbate asthma,increase hospitalizations,and reduce lung ***,severe asthma,especially in obese individuals,can complicate diabetes management and make glycemic control more *** diabetes-associated mechanisms,such as inflammation,microangiopathy,and oxidative stress,can exacerbate asthma and decrease lung *** diabetes medications exhibit anti-inflammatory effects that show promise in mitigating asthma *** The complex interrelationship between diabetes and asthma suggests bidirectional influences that affect disease course and *** and microvascular complications associated with diabetes may worsen asthma outcomes,while asthma severity,especially in obese individuals,complicates diabetes ***,the current research has limitations,and more diverse longitudinal studies are required to establish causal relationships and identify effective treatment strategies for individuals with both conditions.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Bronchial asthma Glycemic control Lung function Asthma exacerbation Disease interaction Microangiopathy

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Cardiometabolic effects of breastfeeding on infants of diabetic mothers

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第5期14卷 617-631页

作者： reem elbeltagi Mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy Department of Medicine Irish Royal College of SurgeonBusaiteen 15503Bahrain Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511Egypt Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12Bahrain Department of Microbiology Irish Royal College of SurgeonBahrainBusaiteen 15503Bahrain Department of Chest Diseases Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain

BACKGROUND Breast milk is the best and principal nutritional source for neonates and *** may protect infants against many metabolic diseases,predominantly obesity and type 2 *** mellitus(DM)is a chronic metabolic and microvascular disease that affects all the body systems and all ages from intrauterine life to late *** protects against infant mortality and diseases,such as necrotizing enterocolitis,diarrhoea,respiratory infections,viral and bacterial infection,eczema,allergic rhinitis,asthma,food allergies,malocclusion,dental caries,Crohn's disease,and ulcerative *** also protects against obesity and insulin resistance and increases intelligence and mental *** diabetes has short and long-term impacts on infants of diabetic mothers(IDM).Breast milk composition changes in mothers with gestational *** To investigate the beneficial or detrimental effects of breastfeeding on the cardiometabolic health of IDM and their *** We performed a database search on different engines and a thorough literature review and included 121 research published in English between January 2000 and December 15,2022,in this *** Most of the literature agreed on the beneficial effects of breast milk for both the mother and the infant in the short and long *** protects mothers with gestational diabetes against obesity and type 2 *** some evidence of the protective effects of breastfeeding on IDM in the short and long term,the evidence is not strong enough due to the presence of many confounding factors and a lack of sufficient *** We need more comprehensive research to prove these *** many obstacles that may enface mothers with gestational diabetes to start and maintain breastfeeding,every effort should be made to encourage them to breastfeed.

关键词： Breast milk Breastfeeding Gestational diabetes mellitus Cardiometabolic effects Infants of diabetic mothers Obesity

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COVID-19-induced gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction:A systematic review

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第22期11卷 5252-5272页

作者： reem elbeltagi Mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Paediatrics Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlgharbiaEgypt Department of Paediatrics University Medical CenterArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Paediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityDr Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Pathology DepartmentSalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12ManamaBahrain Microbiology Section Pathology DepartmentThe Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of BahrainBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Chest Disease Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlgharbiaEgypt Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityDr Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain

BACKGROUND It is common for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection to occur in the gastrointestinal tract,which can present itself as an initial *** severity of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is often reflected in the prevalence of gastrointestinal ***-19 can damage the nerve supply to the digestive system,leading to gastrointestinal autonomic *** is still much to learn about how COVID-19 affects the autonomic nervous system and the gastrointestinal *** To thoroughly explore the epidemiology and clinical aspects of COVID-19-induced gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction,including its manifestations,potential mechanisms,diagnosis,differential diagnosis,impact on quality of life,prognosis,and management and prevention *** We conducted a thorough systematic search across various databases and performed an extensive literature *** review encompassed 113 studies published in English from January 2000 to April 18,*** According to most of the literature,gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction can seriously affect a patient's quality of life and ultimate *** factors can influence gastrointestinal autonomic nervous *** have shown that SARS-CoV-2 has a well-documented affinity for both neural and gastrointestinal tissues,and the virus can produce various gastrointestinal symptoms by reaching neural tissues through different *** symptoms include anorexia,dysgeusia,heartburn,belching,chest pain,regurgitation,vomiting,epigastric burn,diarrhea,abdominal pain,bloating,irregular bowel movements,and *** is the most prevalent symptom,followed by anorexia,nausea,vomiting,and abdominal *** COVID-19 vaccination may rarely induce autonomic dysfunction and gastrointestinal symptoms,COVID-19-induced autonomic effects significantly impact the patient's condition,general health,prognosis,and quality of *** diagnosis a

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction Long COVID Post-COVID Autonomic nervous system

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Play therapy in children with autism:Its role,implications,and limitations

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2023年第1期12卷 1-22页

作者： reem elbeltagi Mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Rawan Alhawamdeh Department of Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusaiteen 15503Bahrain Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityDr.Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical GroupManama 26671Bahrain Pathology Department Salmaniya Medical ComplexManama 12Bahrain Pathology Department Irish Royal College of SurgeonBahrainBusaiteen 15503Bahrain Pediatrics Research and Development Department Genomics Creativity and Play CenterManama 0000Bahrain School of Continuing Education Masters in PsychologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138United States

Play is a pleasurable physical or mental activity that enhances the child’s skills involving negotiation abilities,problem-solving,manual dexterity,sharing,decision-making,and working in a *** affects all the brain's areas,structures,and *** with autism have adaptive behavior,adaptive response,and social interaction *** review explores the different applications of play therapy in helping children with autism *** is usually significantly impaired in children with *** therapy is mainly intended to help children to honor their unique mental abilities and developmental *** main aim of play therapy is to prevent or solve psychosocial difficulties and achieve optimal child-healthy growth and *** therapy helps children with autism to engage in play activities of their interest and choice to express themselves in the most comfortable *** changes their way of self-expression from unwanted behaviors to more non-injurious expressive behavior using toys or activities of their choice as their *** therapy also helps those children to experience feeling out various interaction *** child with autism is unique and responds ***,different types of intervention,like play therapy,could fit the differences in children with *** evaluation of the child is mandatory to evaluate which type fits the child more than the *** narrative review revised the different types of play therapy that could fit children with autism in an evidence-based *** weak evidence,play therapy still has potential benefits for patients and their families.

关键词： Autism Play therapy Children Autism spectrum disorder Sensory integration therapy Art-play therapy Equine-partnered play therapy Child-centered play therapy Synergistic play therapy

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Metabolomic changes in children with autism

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 171-197页

作者： Mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy reem elbeltagi Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManamaBahrainManama 26671Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologyIrish Royal College of SurgeonBahrainBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Pulmonology Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Chest Disease University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of Chest Disease University Medical CenterDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManamaManama 26671Bahrain Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain

BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive *** profiling has emerged as a valuable tool for understanding the underlying metabolic dysregulations associated with *** To comprehensively explore metabolomic changes in children with ASD,integrating findings from various research articles,reviews,systematic reviews,meta-analyses,case reports,editorials,and a book *** A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases,including PubMed,PubMed Central,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science,CINAHL,Scopus,LISA,and NLM catalog up until January *** criteria encompassed research articles(83),review articles(145),meta-analyses(6),systematic reviews(6),case reports(2),editorials(2),and a book chapter(1)related to metabolomic changes in children with *** criteria were applied to ensure the relevance and quality of included *** The systematic review identified specific metabolites and metabolic pathways showing consistent differences in children with ASD compared to typically developing *** metabolic biomarkers may serve as objective measures to support clinical assessments,improve diagnostic accuracy,and inform personalized treatment *** profiling also offers insights into the metabolic alterations associated with comorbid conditions commonly observed in individuals with *** Integration of metabolomic changes in children with ASD holds promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy,guiding personalized treatment approaches,monitoring treatment response,and improving *** research is needed to validate findings,establish standardized protocols,and overcome technical challenges in metabolomic *** advancing our understanding of metabolic dysregulations in ASD,clinicians can improve the lives of affected individuals and their families.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Metabolic dysregulations Metabolomic changes Children Mitochondrial dysfunction Oxidative stress Amino acids

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Pleural effusion in critically ill patients and intensive care setting

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第5期11卷 989-999页

作者： Adel Salah Bediwy Mohammed Al-Biltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Hosameldin A Bediwy reem elbeltagi Department of Chest Diseases Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlgharbiaEgypt Department of Chest Diseases University Medical CenterArabian Gulf UniversityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671Bahrain Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlgharbiaEgypt Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Chairperson of the Pathology DepartmentSalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 26671Bahrain Microbiology Section Pathology DepartmentRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain Faculty of Medicine Tanta UniversityTanta 31527AlgharbiaEgypt Department of Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain

Pleural effusion usually causes a diagnostic dilemma with a long list of differential *** studies found a high prevalence of pleural effusions in critically ill and mechanically ventilated patients,with a wide range of variable prevalence rates of up to 50%-60%in some *** review emphasizes the importance of pleural effusion diagnosis and management in patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU).The original disease that caused pleural effusion can be the exact cause of ICU *** is an impairment in the pleural fluid turnover and cycling in critically ill and mechanically ventilated *** are also many difficulties in diagnosing pleural effusion in the ICU,including clinical,radiological,and even laboratory *** difficulties are due to unusual presentation,inability to undergo some diagnostic procedures,and heterogenous results of some of the performed *** effusion can affect the patient’s outcome and prognosis due to the hemodynamics and lung mechanics changes in these patients,who usually have frequent ***,pleural effusion drainage can modify the ICUadmitted patient’s ***,pleural effusion analysis can change the original diagnosis in some cases and redirect the management toward a different way.

关键词： Pleural effusion Intensive care unit Mechanical ventilation Diagnosis Drainage Pigtail catheters

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Insulin pumps in children-a systematic review

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2022年第6期11卷 463-484页

作者： Mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy reem elbeltagi Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlgharbiaEgypt Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManamaBahrainManama 26671ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12ManamaBahrain Department of Microbiology Irish Royal College of SurgeonBahrainBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Chest Disease Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Chest Disease University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain

BACKGROUND Insulin pump therapy is a real breakthrough in managing diabetes Mellitus,particularly in children. It can deliver a tiny amount of insulin and decreases the need for frequent needle injections. It also helps to maintain adequate and optimal glycemic control to reduce the risk of metabolic derangements in different *** are suitable candidates for pump therapy as they need a more freestyle and proper metabolic control to ensure adequate growth and ***, children and their caregivers should have proper education and training and understand the proper use of insulin pumps to achieve successful pump therapy. The pump therapy continuously improves to enhance its performance and increase its simulation of the human pancreas. Nonetheless, there is yet a long way to reach the desired *** To review discusses the history of pump development, its indications, types, proper use, special conditions that may enface the children and their families while using the pump, its general care,and its advantages and *** We conducted comprehensive literature searches of electronic databases until June 30, 2022,related to pump therapy in children and published in the English *** We included 118 articles concerned with insulin pumps, 61 were reviews, systemic reviews, and meta-analyses, 47 were primary research studies with strong design, and ten were *** The insulin pump provides fewer needles and can provide very tiny insulin doses, a convenient and more flexible way to modify the needed insulin physiologically, like the human pancreas, and can offer adequate and optimal glycemic control to reduce the risk of metabolic derangements in different tissues.

关键词： Insulin pump Children Diabetes mellitus Keto-acidosis Continuous glucose monitoring Insulin therapy

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Cow’s milk-induced gastrointestinal disorders:From infancy to adulthood

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2022年第6期11卷 437-454页

作者： Mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy reem elbeltagi Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlgharbiaEgypt Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of Pathology Microbiology SectionSalmaniya Medical ComplexManama 26671Bahrain Department of Pathology Microbiology SectionRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Chest Diseases Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlgharbiaEgypt Department of Chest Diseases University Medical CenterArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain

Milk is related to many gastrointestinal disorders from the cradle to the grave due to the many milk ingredients that can trigger gastrointestinal discomfort and ***’s milk protein allergy(CMPA)is the most common food allergy,especially in infancy and childhood,which may persist into *** are three main types of CMPA;immunoglobulin E(IgE)-mediated CMPA,non-IgEmediated CMPA,and mixed *** appears before the first birthday in almost all *** may start even during the neonatal period and can be severe enough to simulate neonatal ***(often non-IgE mediated)can present with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux,eosinophilic esophagitis,hemorrhagic gastritis,food protein-induced protein-losing enteropathy,and food protein-induced enterocolitis *** CMPAs are benign and outgrown during *** is not as common in adults as in children,but when present,it is usually severe with a protracted *** intolerance is a prevalent condition characterized by the development of many symptoms related to the consumption of foods containing *** intolerance has four typical types:Developmental,congenital,primary,and *** intolerance and CMPA may be the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms for many functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and *** are also common in inflammatory bowel *** consumption may have preventive or promoter effects on cancer *** may also become a source of microbial infection in humans,causing a wide array of diseases,and may help increase the prevalence of antimicrobial *** editorial summarizes the common milk-related disorders and their symptoms from childhood to adulthood.

关键词： Cow’s milk Adults Children Functional gastrointestinal disorders Cow’s milk protein allergy Lactose intolerance,Inflammatory bowel disease Zoonosis

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Fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases:Pros and cons

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 198-220页

作者： Mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy reem elbeltagi Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupBahrainManama 26671ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologyIrish Royal College of SurgeonBahrainBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Pulmonology Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain

BACKGROUND Fecal calprotectin is a valuable biomarker for assessing intestinal inflammation in pediatric gastrointestinal ***,its role,pros,and cons in various conditions must be comprehensively *** To explore the role of fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases,including its advantages and *** A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed,PubMed Central,Google Scholar,and other scientific research engines until February 24,*** review included 88 research articles,56 review articles,six metaanalyses,two systematic reviews,two consensus papers,and two letters to the *** Fecal calprotectin is a non-invasive marker for detecting intestinal inflammation and monitoring disease activity in pediatric conditions such as functional gastrointestinal disorders,inflammatory bowel disease,coeliac disease,coronavirus disease 2019-induced gastrointestinal disorders,gastroenteritis,and cystic fibrosis-associated intestinal ***,its lack of specificity and susceptibility to various confounding factors pose challenges in *** these limitations,fecal calprotectin offers significant advantages in diagnosing,monitoring,and managing pediatric gastrointestinal *** Fecal calprotectin holds promise as a valuable tool in pediatric gastroenterology,offering insights into disease activity,treatment response,and *** protocols and guidelines are needed to optimize its clinical utility and mitigate interpretation *** research is warranted to address the identified limitations and enhance our understanding of fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases.

关键词： Fecal calprotectin Pediatric gastrointestinal diseases Functional gastrointestinal disorders Inflammatory bowel disease Coeliac disease COVID-19-induced gastrointestinal disorders Infectious gastroenteritis Cystic fibrosis

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Pulse oximetry in pediatric care:Balancing advantages and limitations

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第3期13卷 69-97页

作者： Mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy reem elbeltagi Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 26671ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologyIrish Royal College of Surgeon in BahrainBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Pulmonology Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain

BACKGROUND Pulse oximetry has become a cornerstone technology in healthcare,providing non-invasive monitoring of oxygen saturation levels and pulse *** its widespread use,the technology has inherent limitations and challenges that must be addressed to ensure accurate and reliable patient *** To comprehensively evaluate the advantages,limitations,and challenges of pulse oximetry in clinical practice,as well as to propose recommendations for optimizing its *** A systematic literature review was conducted to identify studies related to pulse oximetry and its applications in various clinical *** articles were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data were synthesized to provide a comprehensive overview of the *** Pulse oximetry offers numerous advantages,including non-invasiveness,real-time feedback,portability,and ***,several limitations and challenges were identified,including motion artifacts,poor peripheral perfusion,ambient light interference,and patient-specific factors such as skin pigmentation and hemoglobin *** for optimizing pulse oximetry use include technological advancements,education and training initiatives,quality assurance protocols,and interdisciplinary *** Pulse oximetry is crucial in modern healthcare,offering invaluable insights into patients’oxygenation *** its limitations,pulse oximetry remains an indispensable tool for monitoring patients in diverse clinical *** implementing the recommendations outlined in this review,healthcare providers can enhance the effectiveness,accessibility,and safety of pulse oximetry monitoring,ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of care.

关键词： Pulse oximetry Oxygen saturation Monitoring Advantages Limitations Challenges Recommendations Clinical practice Non-invasive Children

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