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Vitamin D receptor polymorphism and prostate cancer prognosis

当代泌尿学（英文） 2022年第4期16卷 246-255页

作者： ahmed Z.El-attar Samia hussein Mariam F.A.Salama Hanaa M.Ibrahim Amira S.AIKaramany Mansour K.Elsawi Mohamed Hemeda ahmed Algazeery Oncology Department Faculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Faculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt Zoology Department Faculty of SciencesZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt Pathology Department Faculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt Chemical Pathology Department Cairo University HospitalsCairoEgypt Urology Department Al Ahrar Teaching HospitalZagazigEgypt

Background:Prostatic epithelial cells synthesize the active form of vitamin D(1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3),which participates in regulat-ing prostate ***,a synthetic form of vitamin D3,exhibits antiproliferative and prodifferentiation activities in prostate *** function of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is mediated by its binding to vitamin D receptor(VDR).VDR forms a heterodimer,typically with retinoid X receptor,to regulate vitamin D target *** evaluated the relationship between VDR polymorphism and clinical charac-teristics associated with prostate cancer risk and prognosis among Egyptian men.Materials and methods:This case-control study included 2 groups of patients:group A,a control group of 50 subjects with benign prostate hyperplasia,and group B,50 subjects newly diagnosed with prostate *** participants performed complete blood count,liver and kidney function tests,prostate specific antigen measurement,histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry for Dickkopf Homolog *** fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction as performed to detect VDR polymorphism.Results:Patients with prostate cancer and controls showed a significantly different CA genotype frequency(p=0.007).Furthermore,prostate-specific antigen levels were significantly different in different genotypes in patients with prostate cancer(p＜0.001).Finally,T stage and the VDRApal C/A polymorphism were significantly associated(p＜0.041).Conclusion:The VDRApal C/A polymorphism may be a diagnostic and prognostic marker for prostate cancer in Egyptian men.

关键词： Prostate cancer Prostate-specific antigen

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Microbial Analysis of Drinking Water from Randomly Selected Boreholes and Shallow Wells around Hargeisa, Somaliland

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Advances in Microbiology 2022年第1期12卷 1-9页

作者： Mohamud ahmed Farah Essam Abdulmuhsin Afifi Nadira Harir Omar ahmed hussein Essa Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science Haldoor Medical University Hargeisa Somaliland Hargeisa Water Quality Control Laboratory Hargeisa Water Agency Hargeisa Somaliland Department of Health Science Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Abaarso Tech University Hargeisa Somaliland

Background: Shallow wells and boreholes are vital sources of potable water in Hargeisa. This water can be polluted by runoff, in particular during the rainy season, causing outbreaks of waterborne infections. Objectives: This research aimed at evaluating the microbial quality of shallow wells and boreholes water around Hargeisa, Somaliland. Methods: The total coliform and Escherichia coli count were done by using the membrane filtration method. Overall, 100 ml of each water sample was filtered via a 0.45 μm membrane filter, and then the filters were put on m-Endo agar plates that were incubated at 37°C for 24 to 48 hours. Results: The mean value of total coliform counts for the boreholes and shallow wells ranged from 1.288 × 103 to 8.8 × 103 CFU/100ml, while the mean value of total E. coli counts also ranged from 3.5 × 102 to 4.429 × 103 CFU/100ml. Results from this study have demonstrated that all water sources (Arabsiyo, Dararweyne, Darasalaam, Dabaraqas, and Jaleelo) don’t comply with the WHO guideline for drinking water. Results from the analysis of water samples of 28 wells demonstrated a significant correlation between total coliform and E. coli counts (P = 0.01). Therefore, this water is not fit for human consumption unless it is treated. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that all results of both mean values of total coliform and E. coli counts from groundwater of selected shallow wells and boreholes were beyond WHO standards, so water from Arabsiyo, Jaleelo, Dabaraqas, Dararweyne, and Darasalaam requires treatment before human consumption.

关键词： Membrane Filtration Method Escherichia Coli Coliform Shallow Wells Boreholes Indole Colony Forming Unit Indole Citrate Triple Sugar Iron

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长链非编码RNA MALAT1在肾病综合征儿童中表达的研究

长链非编码RNA MALAT1在肾病综合征儿童中表达的研究

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作者： FATHIYA ahmed HAGI hussein 中南大学

学位级别：硕士

背景介绍肾病综合征是一种常见的儿童肾小球疾病,以大量蛋白尿、低白蛋白血症、水肿和高脂血症为特征。肾病综合征带来了沉重的临床负担,特别是在儿科人群中,每100,000名儿童的年发病率为2至7例。有研究表面外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)表达... 详细信息

背景介绍肾病综合征是一种常见的儿童肾小球疾病,以大量蛋白尿、低白蛋白血症、水肿和高脂血症为特征。肾病综合征带来了沉重的临床负担,特别是在儿科人群中,每100,000名儿童的年发病率为2至7例。有研究表面外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)表达长链非编码RN(lnc RNA),其表达在包括肾脏疾病在内的许多疾病中均有上调。目前肾病综合征的发生机制虽然尚未完全清楚,但有研究发现某些遗传分子如lnc RNA可能发挥作用。Lnc RNA(具有超过200个核苷酸长度的长基因组转录物和具有很少或没有蛋白质编码能力的复杂真核RNA)主要作为转录后调节分子,与特定信使RNA相互作用,并协助调节各级基因。Lnc RNA最近被证明是某些肾脏疾病的潜在诊断和预后生物标志物。具体来说,lnc RNA与以下肾病的病理生理学有关联:糖尿病肾病、肾小球肾炎、局灶节段性肾小球硬化、肾小管间质疾病如急性肾损伤、常染色体显性多囊肾病以及肾病综合征。Lnc RNA MALAT1(转移相关肺腺癌转录物1)是一种核限制性lnc RNA,近年来因其广泛表达和在多种疾病中的明显意义而引起人们的关注。其表达水平已被证明在多种生理条件中被改变,包括在多种癌症类型中表达上调和在多种其它疾病,入如肾脏疾病中改变。与其他疾病相比,MALAT1在致癌中的作用得到了更充分的研究。同时,对人类和小鼠标本的研究已经通过与β-连环蛋白的复杂相互作用将MALAT1与肾小球荚膜细胞功能障碍和肾皮质中的蛋白尿联系起来。然而,目前尚无有关lnc RNA MALAT1表达与肾病综合征之间关系的研究。目的:本研究探讨肾病综合征患者外周血PBMC lnc RNA MALAT1表达水平。分析lnc RNA MALAT1表达与尿β2-微球蛋白,α1-微球蛋白和ACR浓度水平相关性。材料和方法研究设计本研究是一项前瞻性研究,由12名参与者组成,包括2021年10月至2022年1月入住中南大学湘雅第二医院儿科的8名确诊肾病综合征患者和4名健康儿童。收集入院时患者的人口统计学特征,包括年龄,性别,体重指数和实验室检查(全血细胞计数,红细胞沉降率,血清免疫球蛋白,补体水平,肌酐,胆固醇,脂蛋白,白蛋白,转氨酶。此后,获得外周血并离心以获得外周血PBMC,用于使用定量实时PCR检测lnc RNA MALAT1。比较肾病综合征组和对照组的临床病理特征。卡方或Fisher精度检验用于分类数据,而独立样本t检验或MannWhitney U检验用于连续数据。分析两组中lnc RNA MALAT1的表达。此外,使用线性相关分析法分析lnc RNA MALAT1与临床特征之间的相关性。分析受试者中lnc RNA MALAT1表达的ROC曲线(AUC)下的面积结果:临床特征研究人群共包括12名儿童,其中8名肾病综合征患者(6名男性和2名女性,平均年龄为5.75±4.17岁)和对照组4名健康儿童(1名男性和3名女性,两组在性别,年龄,BMI,尿肌酐,尿比重,C4-补体,BUN,尿素,HDL,全血细胞计数和肝功能生物标志物方面没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。但两组儿童24hr尿蛋白、尿ACR、尿β2-微球蛋白、尿α1-微球蛋白、血清c3补体、血清胆固醇、LDL胆固醇、天冬氨酸转氨酶和总胆红素均有显着统计学差异(P1.46)(P=0.023)肾病综合征患者Lnc RNA MALAT1表达的相关性线性相关系数(正态分布的Pearson’s和异常分布数据的Spearman’s)显示lnc RNA MALAT1与尿液ACR显着正相关(r=0.869,P=0.005),尿液β2-微球蛋白(r=0.762,P=0.028),和肾病综合征患者的尿α1-微球蛋白(r=0.738,P=0.036)。讨论情况目前的这项研究表明,与对照组相比,lnc RNA MALAT1在肾病综合征患儿的外周血单核细胞中显着上调。此外,在肾病综合征患者中,lnc RNA MALAT1表达与尿ACR,尿β2-微球蛋白和尿α1-微球蛋白呈正相关。这一发现表明lnc RNA MALAT1可能参与肾病综合征的早期疾病发展。因此,它可以作为一个潜在的诊断生物标志物,帮助早期发现和监测肾病综合征的风险儿童。肾病综合征

关键词：肾病综合征尿蛋白尿肌酐比值尿β2-微球蛋白尿α1-微球蛋白长链非编码RNA MALAT1反应

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Sepsis patient evaluation emergency department (SPEED) score & mortality in emergency department sepsis (MEDS) score in predicting 28-day mortality of emergency sepsis patients

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2019年第6期22卷 316-322页

作者： Adel Hamed Elbaih Zaynab Mohammed Elsayed rasha Mahmoud ahmed Sara ahmed Abd-elwahed Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt Department of Emergency Medicine Sulaiman Al-Rajhi CollegesFaculty of MedicineSaudi Arabia

Purpose:Sepsis is a common acute life-threatening condition that emergency physicians routinely *** options within the Emergency Department(ED)are limited due to lack of infrastructure,consequently limiting the use of invasive hemodynamic monitoring or imaging *** mortality rate due to sepsis can be assessed via multiple scoring systems,for example,mortality in emergency department sepsis(MEDS)score and sepsis patient evaluation in the emergency department(SPEED)score,both of which quantify the variation of mortality rates according to clinical findings,laboratory data,or therapeutic *** study aims to improve the management processes of sepsis patients by comparing SPEED score and MEDS score for predicting the 28-day mortality in cases of emergency ***:The study is a cross-sectional,prospective study including 61 sepsis patients in ED in Suez Canal University Hospital,Egypt,from August 2017 to June *** were selected by two steps:(1)suspected septic patients presenting with at least one of the following abnormal clinical findings:(a)body temperature higher than 38℃ or lower than 36℃,(b)heart rate higher than 90 beats/min,(c)hyperventilation evidenced by respiratory rate higher than 20 breaths/min or PaCO2 lower than 32 mmHg,and(d)white blood cell count higher than 12,000/μL or lower than 4000/μL;(2)confirmed septic patients with at least a 2-point increase from the baseline total sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)score following *** inclusion criteria included adult patients with an age≥18 years regardless of gender and those who had either systemic inflammatory response syndrome or suspected/confirmed *** were shortly follow-up for the 28-day *** patient was subject to SPEED score and MEDS score and then the results were compared to detect which of them was more effective in predicting *** receiver operating characteristic curves were also done for MEDS and SPE

关键词： Sepsis Sepsis patient evaluation emergency department score Mortality in emergency department sepsis score Mortality

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The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado

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Ecological Processes 2023年第2期12卷 59-70页

作者： Washington Luiz Félix Correia Filho José Francisco de Oliveira-Júnior Dimas de Barros Santiago Hazem Ghassan Abdo hussein Almohamad ahmed Abdullah Al Dughairi Carlos Antonio da Silva Junior Postgraduate Program in Environmentrics(PPGAmb) Institute of Mathematics Statistics and Physics(IMEF) Federal University of Rio Grande(FURG) Institute of Atmospheric Sciences(ICAT) Federal University of Alagoas(UFAL) Postgraduate Program in Biosystems Engineering(PGEB) Federal Fluminense University(UFF) Postgraduate Program in Meteorology Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Atmosféricas(UACA) Federal University of Campina Grande(UFCG) Geography Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities Tartous University Geography Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities Damascus University Geography Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities Tishreen University Department of Geography College of Arabic Language and Social Studies Qassim University Departamento de Geografia State University of Mato Grosso(UNEMAT)

Background The Cerrado is the most biodiverse savanna and maintains other biomes. Aware of its significance, this paper evaluated the Brazilian Cerrado's climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects using remote sensing data and spatial statistics(correlation analysis and principal components analysis—PCA). Following the measures of sample adequacy(MSA) and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin(KMO) tests, seventeen variables were *** The MSA revealed that the dataset had a good quality(0.76), and nine variables were selected: elevation, evapotranspiration, active fires, Human Development Index(HDI), land use and land cover(LULC; shrubland and cropland/rainfed), rainfall(spring and autumn), and livestock. The correlation matrix indicated a positive(negative) association between HDI and autumn rainfall(HDI and active fires) with a value of 0.77(-0.55). The PCA results determined which three principal components(PC) were adequate for extracting spatial patterns, accounting for 68.02% of the total variance with respective values of 38.59%, 16.89%, and 12.5%. Due to economic development and agribusiness, Cerrado's northern(central, western, and southern) areas had negative(positive) score HDI values, as shown in PC1. Climatic(rainfall—spring and fall) and environmental(cropland/rainfed and shrubland) aspects dominated the PC2, with negative scores in northern and western portions due to the transition zone between Amazon and Cerrado biomes caused by rainfall variability. On the other hand, environmental aspects(LULC-shrubland and elevation) influenced the PC3; areas with high altitudes(> 500 m) received a higher *** Agricultural expansion substantially affected LULC, leading to deforestation-caused suppression of native vegetation.

关键词： Environment Agribusiness Active fire Human Development Index Land use and land cover

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Can miRNA712＿3p be a promising biomarker for early diagnosis of toxoplasmosis?

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第12期11卷 688-692页

作者： Nermine Mogahed Fawzy hussein Mogahed Safaa Ibrahim Khedr rasha Abdelmawla Ghazala Inas Mohamed Masoud Medical Parasitology Department Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Medical Biochemistry Department Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing Pharos University in Alexandria

Objective: To assess the role of miRNA712_3p as a specific biomarker in early detection of toxoplasmosis in plasma of mice acutely infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Methods: Real-time PCR was used to measure the level of miRNA712_3p in plasma of infected mice. Immunecompetent and immune-suppressed mice were examined, three and five days post-infection. Results: Results revealed significant up-regulation of plasma miRNA712_3p in both immunecompetent and immune-compromised groups in comparison to the control non-infected group. Additionally, an increase in the level of miRNA712_3p was noticed correspondently in the parasite density detected in liver impression smears. Conclusions: miRNA712_3p can be used as a novel biomarker for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in both immunecompetent and immune-compromised host.

关键词： Toxoplasma gondii microRNAs miRNA7123p Biomarker Real-time PCR

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Minimally Invasive 360 Degrees Decompression for Ligamentous, Bony and Discogenic Lumbar Canal Stenosis

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2023年第3期13卷 111-120页

作者： ahmed Hosameldin hussein Abdelhamid Hesham Elshetany Mostafa Abdellatif Ehab Abdelhalim Department of Neurosurgery Faculty of Medicine Fayoum University Fayoum Egypt Department of Neurosurgery Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt

Background: For decades, traditional open surgical techniques were used to treat lumbar disc herniation and lumbar canal stenosis (LCS). However, seeking for better outcomes for patients and avoiding extensive bony loss with its sequences had raised minimally invasive technique for treating these disorders as an alternative surgery. Methods: This is a retrospective study in which 54 patients of LCS were operated upon via unilateral minimally invasive technique to decompress the canal in a 360 degrees fashion through laminotomy, deroofing of opposite laminar side, sublaminar ligamintectomy, bilateral foraminotomies and discectomy. We used VAS scores and ODI to assess clinical outcomes with a period of one year follow-up. Results: Our results demonstrated that minimally invasive techniques for treating these disorders are effective procedures. Minimally invasive 360 degrees decompression for treating LCS had better outcomes regarding postoperative back pain, smaller incisions, less bony loss and early ambulation. Conclusion: Minimally invasive techniques for treating lumbar canal stenosis of different causes could be considered a better option instead of traditional full laminectomy with better outcomes as regards respecting the anatomical layers such as posterior spinal integrity and musculature, postoperative pain, accompanied with less blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and shorter recovery periods.

关键词： Lumbar Decompression Minimally Invasive Surgery 360 Degrees Lumbar Canal Stenosis

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Oval-Shaped Radiographic Opacity Mimicking a Lung Mass

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2022年第9期12卷 439-443页

作者： Farid Khan Muhammad Imtiaz Keyoor Patel Owais ahmed rasha Aurshiya Pranava Ganesh UHS Heart & Vascular Institute Wilson Medical Center Johnson City NY USA UHS Pulmonology & Critical Care Wilson Medical Center Johnson City NY USA

Phantom tumor of the lung is an infrequent presentation of volume overload in congestive heart failure. This finding is often mistaken for a lung mass that leads to extensive workup and unnecessary treatments. A 75-year-old male was evaluated for a right lower lobe rounded opacity. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed normal left ventricular function. Biopsy of the mass was unremarkable. Patient was managed with diuretics, and subsequent lung imaging revealed resolution of the opacity.

关键词： Dyspnea Lung Mass Interlobar Effusion Diuresis Heart Failure

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Epidemiology of Measles Cases in South Darfur State, Sudan, 2011-2015

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2017年第12期30卷 917-921页

作者： TAHA hussein Musa REHAB Ibrahim Kambo ABDELKAREEM Abdallah ahmed HASSAN hussein Musa Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering Ministry of Education Department of Epidemioiogy and Biostatistics School of Public Health Southeast University Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu China World Health Organization WHO South Darfur Sub-Office Nyala 999129 Sudan Department of Physiology and Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary Sciences University of Nyala P.O Box 155 999129 Sudan Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Khartoum Khartoum state P.O. Box 11081 Khartoum 999219 Sudan

Case-based surveillance measles data was defined according to World Health Organization （WHO） guidelines. A total of 511 measles cases were studied from 2011 to 2015 in Southern Darfur State, Sudan and 58.1% of cases were confirmed from Nyala city. About 43.4% of cases were males, 56.6% of cases were female, and 47.7% were children under five years old. Similarity, within February to June, the cases increased by 8.0% in children vaccinated through measles campaign, and 5.3% in children that used child vaccination card and 78.7% in unvaccinated one.

关键词： Epidemiology of Measles Cases South Darfur State

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Assessment of Water Resources in Sana’a Region,Yemen Republic（Case Study）

Assessment of Water Resources in Sana’a Region,Yemen Republ...

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作者： Aljawzi，Alhasan ahmed Saleh hussein 扬州大学

学位级别：硕士

一、概述也门共和国位于干旱和半干旱地区,这从降雨量的缺乏及其数量和分布的不规则性中可以明显看出。它被认为是遭受水资源短缺的十个国家之一,同时,由于缺乏未来的战略计划,该国是中东水资源最枯竭的国家之一。也门存在的不合理使用... 详细信息

一、概述也门共和国位于干旱和半干旱地区,这从降雨量的缺乏及其数量和分布的不规则性中可以明显看出。它被认为是遭受水资源短缺的十个国家之一,同时,由于缺乏未来的战略计划,该国是中东水资源最枯竭的国家之一。也门存在的不合理使用可用水资源的问题已导致地下水迅速枯竭。农业生产消耗了可用水资源总量的约93%,没有哪个国家的地下含水层枯竭速度像也门一样快。由于该国的政治冲突,数百万也门人无法获得清洁的饮用水,大多数农民失去了农业活动。相关报告显示,超过45%的公共结构处于倒塌状态缺乏满足其需求的资源。城市地区依靠地下水来满足用水需求,而农村地区则依靠水井和小型水坝和池塘等传统的集水方法。早期的研究表明也门可再生地下水15亿m3（1.5 Bm3）,地表水10亿m3（1.0 Bm3）,需水量34亿m3（3.4 Bm3）。相比之下,可再生水量为2.5 Bm3,这意味着有0.9 Bm3的赤字需要通过地下水来补偿。最近,由于当前的需水量达到3.9 Bm3（2020年）,这一缺口已增加到约1.4 Bm3,到2025年将增加到4.4 Bm3。早期的研究表明,也门的可再生水资源从1980年到1997年分别从246m3/人/年减少到130m3/人/年。2018年可再生水资源为73.69 m3/人/年。另一方面,也门水与环境部表明,2019年可再生水资源为85 m3/人/年;到2025年和2026年,这将达到66 m3/人/年。没有准确的统计数据表达人均年用水量,但大约在70-85m3/人/年的范围内。这一下降幅度相当大,表明也门的人均用水量与其他国家相比不超过10%。在中东和北非,可再生水资源平均约为1050-1500 m3/人/年,全球达到7500-8300 m3/人/年。有时水是由妇女从远方带来的,这可能使她们在社会多元化的社会中处于危险之中。萨那（Sana’a）地区是本研究的研究区域,被认为是也门最缺水的地区之一。它受到对国家产生负面或正面影响的因素的影响。因此,鉴于目前的水资源状况,研究人员预计未来几年会发生干旱。随着人口的增加和地下水补给方案的缺乏,自2000年开挖深度达到100多m以来,地下水位持续下降,而2020年,研究区域内部分地区深度达到1000多m。萨那地区的水供应量取决于家庭住地位置和收入比例。最近人口的快速增长增加了农业部门的用水量（尤其是Qat植物种植）,而降雨不足导致地下水的过度使用。由于该地区的气候,研究区域的农作物受到限制,温度在影响作物寿命加快速度方面起着重要作用,也影响作物产量。萨那盆地抽取的地下水量约为补给量的400%,因此研究区大部分地下水井因地下水位下降而干涸,估计每年下降6-8m。缺水人口的增加对国家的经济、社会和政治构成了重大挑战,并威胁到环境的稳定。尽管萨那地区缺水,但也存在雨水排放问题,尤其是在首都。由于人口拥挤和城市扩张,附近的山谷降雨径流流入萨那市中心（阿尔赛拉河道）。此外,萨那地区的内部移民在也门城市中排名第一,城市人口占萨那市总人口的比例已达到7.52%。也门的水危机,特别是在萨那地区,是一个随着时间的推移变得越来越严重的重大问题。政府没有令人满意的解决方案,尤其是该国目前发生的政治冲突事件,这些问题需要对水资源进行最新的综合评估研究。研究区的水资源状况非常危急,必须优先考虑能缓解危机并在未来追求水可持续发展的研究和计划。因此,本研究旨在评估萨那地区的水资源,包括地表水和地下水,以及它们的数量和分布、供水和各种用水需求。本研究的重要性在于作为一项重要的综合研究,它将评估和突出该地区水资源的现状,鼓励决策者实现该地区的可持续发展目标。在此基础上,可以通过一项计划,在萨那地区,尤其是整个也门,实现第六个可持续发展目标,以便到2030年,政府寻求实现人人平等获得安全和负担得起的饮用水目标,并实现其它目标,例如提高所有部门的用水效率,实施各级水资源综合管理,以及与世界各国类似的其他目标。通过这项研究,将了解研究区的水状况,并与以前的情况进行比较,了解政府制定的计划和方案的受益程度、有效性以及阻碍其实施的原因。本研究的具体目标是:该研究的目的是评估萨那的水资源。为实现该研究目标,设定了以下研究内容:○ 了解研究区域当前的水资源状况并确定最紧迫的水资源问题。○ 尽可能充分地利用水资源的措施。○ 了解缺水对人口的影响。○ 提出解决水相关问题的解决方案和建议。二、研究技术方法1)研究区特征萨那地区位于也门中北部,海拔2300米,纬度14° 450～16° 50,经度43°300～45° 50。它由两个主要地区组成,即萨那省和萨那市,萨那省从四面包围着萨那市。萨那市也被称为Amanat Alasimah,是也门的政治和历史首都,全区总面积12259 km2,其中萨那省11869 km2,萨那市390 km2。根据联合国

关键词：萨那地区降雨雨量站地表水地下水水危机 (污水)处理厂 Arc Hydro程序

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