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Short-term.effect of supplem.ntal yeast extract without or with feed enzym.s on growth perform.nce, im.une status and gut structure of weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide

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Journal of Anim.l Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 378-390页

作者： Sam.el m.Waititu Fugui Yin Rob patterson Juan C.Rodriguez-Lecom.te Charles m.Nyachoti Departm.nt of Anim.l Science University of Manitoba201-12 Dafoe RoadWinnipegM6 R3T 2N2Canada Canadian Bio-system. Inc. CalgaryAB T2C OJTCanada Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPE C1A 4P3Canada

Background： This study investigated the response of piglets receiving a yeast extract without or with a m.lti-enzym. m.xture com.ared with an antim.crobial growth prom.ter（AGP） on perform.nce, im.une status and gut structure after an E. coli lipopolysaccharide（LPS） challenge. Thirty-six pigs were allotted to six treatm.nts including： a non-challenged control（NCC）; LPS-challenged control（CC）; CC ＋ AGP; CC ＋ yeast extract; CC ＋ enzym.s; and CC ＋ enzym.s ＋ yeast extract. On d 7, pigs were bled and thereafter injected with LPS or sterile saline. Blood sam.les were collected at 6, 48, and 96 h post-challenge. After 96 h post-challenge, pigs were euthanized to obtain duodenal, jejunal and ileal ***： Overall（d 1 to 11）, com.ared with CC pigs, AGP attenuated the LPS-induced reduction in ADG（P = 0.004）,ADFI（P = 0.03） and gain/feed ratio（P = 0.01）. At 6 h post-challenge, AGP pigs had lower plasm. urea N（PUN; P = 0.02）and serum.TNF-α concentration（P = 0.07）, and higher platelet count（P = 0.04） and serum.IL-10 concentration（P = 0.02） than CC pigs. At 48 h post-challenge, AGP pigs had lower PUN（P = 0.02） than CC pigs, whereas enzym.s ＋ yeast extract interacted non-additively（P = 0.001） to reduce PUN. At 96 h post-challenge, AGP pigs had lower PUN（P = 0.02）and higher duodenal（P = 0.03）, jejunal（P = 0.01） and ileal（P = 0.07） villus height than CC pigs. In addition, enzym.s ＋yeast extract interacted additively and non-additively to reduce ileal IFN-γ（P 0.10） were observed between AGP and enzym.s ＋ yeast extract pigs on other m.asured param.ters except for the downregulation of ileal IFN-γ（P ＆lt; 0.0001） and TNF-α（P = 0.003） in enzym.s ＋ yeast extract pigs at 96 h ***： The LPS challenged piglets receiving enzym.s ＋ yeast extract showed beneficial responses in gut structure and im.unity com.ensurate with those receiving antibiotics, though the latter had better overall growth perform.nce.

关键词： Antim.crobial growth prom.ter Feed enzym.s Growth perform.nce Im.unity Nucleotides Piglets

Dose-response effects of in-feed antibiotics on growth perform.nce and nutrient utilization in weaned pigs fed diets supplem.nted with yeast-based nucleotides

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Anim.l Nutrition 2015年第3期1卷 166-169页

作者： Sam.el m.Waititu Jung m.Heo Rob patterson Charles m.Nyachoti Departm.nt of Anim.l Science University of Manitoba Departm.nt of Anim.l Science and Biotechnology Chungnam National University Canadian Bio-system. Inc.

Dietary nucleotides are bioactive com.ounds with the potential to m.tigate weaning-associated challenges in piglets. An experim.nt was conducted to determ.ne the interaction effect of antim.crobial growth prom.ters(AGP) and a nucleotide-rich yeast extract(NRYE) on growth perform.nce and apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD) of dry m.tter(Dm., crude protein(CP) and gross energy(GE),and to establish whether NRYE supplem.ntation m.y com.letely or partially replace AGP in diets for weaned pigs. In phase 1 and 2, corn, wheat, canola m.al and soybean m.al based diets, which were form.lated to contain 0.0 or 0.1% NRYE with 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% of the recom.ended AGP dosage, were fed to 108 twenty-one day old piglets(initial body weight 7.11 ± 0.9 kg; m.an ±SD) from.d 1 to 14 and15 to 28, respectively. Overall, increasing AGP level in NRYE supplem.nted diets linearly decreased average daily gain(ADG)(P = 0.002) and gain-to-feed ratio(G:F)(P = 0.007); and quadratically decreased ATTD of Dm.P = 0.001), CP(P =0.003) and G:F(P = 0.017) during phase 2. Com.ared with control and pigs fed NRYE with 100% of recom.ended AGP dosage, pigs fed 0.1% NRYE without AGP had greater(P m.nting 0.1% NRYE im.roved growth perform.nce of pigs but this beneficial effect was reduced by increasing dietary AGP dosage.

关键词： Antim.crobial growth prom.ters Digestibility Growth perform.nce Piglet Nucleotide-rich yeast extract

Rem.val of Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles from.Surface Water by Conventional Treatm.nt Processes

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Advances in Nanoparticles 2019年第2期8卷 21-35页

作者： Hafiz H. m. Salih Am.o m. El Badawy Thabet m. Tolaym.t Craig L. patterson Illinois State Geological Survey University of Illinois Champaign Illinois USA Civil and Environm.ntal Engineering Departm.nt at California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly) San Luis Obispo California USA US Environm.ntal Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory Cincinnati Ohio USA

Engineered nanom.terials are used in m.ny applications, including pollution sensors, photovoltaics, m.dical im.ging, drug delivery and environm.ntal rem.diation. Due to their num.rous applications, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are receiving a large am.unt of attention. Ag NPs m.y occur in drinking water sources either during m.nufacturing, consum.tion and/or disposal processes. This potentially leads to the presence of Ag NPs in finished drinking water, which could have public health im.acts. The objective of this research was to investigate the rem.val of several types of stabilized Ag NPs by potable water treatm.nt processes. Specifically, this research achieved these objectives through: 1) Synthesis of Citrate-reduced Ag NPs, Polyvinylpyrrolidone stabilized (PVP) Ag NPs and Branched polyethyleneim.ne stabilized (BPEI) Ag NPs, 2) Characterization of synthesized Ag NPs to determ.ne their aggregation potential, Zeta potential profiles, (pHpzc) and obtain m.rphological data from.SEm.im.ges, and 3) An evaluation of the efficacy of conventional water treatm.nt processes (i.e., coagulation, flocculation, sedim.ntation and sand filtration) in rem.ving stabilized Ag NPs from.natural water. The three NPs were found to be stable at the nano size in natural water. Alum.coagulation had no im.act on the PVP and BPEI Ag NPs. Flocculation and settling were found to be key steps for rem.val of these NPs. The three Ag NPs were not perm.nently rem.ved by m.ans of conventional water treatm.nt processes em.loyed in this study.

关键词： Silver Nanoparticles Drinking Water Water Treatm.nt Ag Nano Particle

Com.ositionally Driven Viscom.tric Behaviors of Poly (Alkyl m.thacrylates) in Lubricating Oils

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Advances in Chem.cal Engineering and Science 2022年第2期12卷 65-86页

作者： Reid A. patterson Christopher P. Kabb David m. Nickerson Eugene Pashkovski Research and Developm.nt The Lubrizol Corporation Wickliffe USA

Viscosity index (VI) and shear stability index (SSI) are standard m.thods used in the lubricant industry to determ.ne tem.erature-viscosity dependency and resistance to product degradation, respectively. A variety of oil-soluble polym.rs, including poly(alkyl m.thacrylates) (PAm.s) are routinely used to control these properties in fully-form.lated liquid lubricants. In this report, we use reversible addition-fragm.ntation chain transfer (RAFT) polym.rization to precisely target identical degrees of polym.rization in a fam.ly of PAm.s with varying lauryl, hexyl, butyl, ethyl, and m.thyl groups. Then, expanding on previous m.thodology reported in the literature, we establish structure property relationships for these PAm.s, specifically looking at how intrinsic viscosity [η] and m.rtin interaction param.ters Km./sub> relate to VI and SSI characteristics. While the intrinsic viscosity [η] is associated with the volum. of m.crom.lecules at infinite dilution, the param.ter Km./sub> reflects the hydrodynam.c interactions of polym.r chains at actual polym.r concentrations in lubricating oils. In this paper, we show that the dependence of VI on the non-dim.nsional concentration c/c* (or c[η]) can be presented in a form.of m.ster curve with shift factors proportional to Km./sub> that decreases with increasing size of alkyl groups. This finding im.lies that even in the dilute regim., the coil-expansion theory used to explain the effect of m.crom.lecules on VI should be com.lem.nted with the idea of hydrodynam.c interactions between polym.r m.lecules that can be controlled by the choice of alkyl chains in the fam.ly of PAm.s.

关键词： Viscosity Index Shear Stability Index Polym.thacrylates Lubricating Oils

Investigating drivers of m.crobial activity and respiration in a forested bog

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 135-145页

作者： Kenna E.REWCASTLE Jessica A.m.m.ORE Jerem.ah A.HENNING m.lanie A.m.YES Courtney m.patterson Gangsheng WANG Daniel B.m.TCALFE Aim.e T.CLASSEN Rubenstein School of Environm.nt and Natural Resources University of VermontBurlington VT 05405(USA) Ecology&Evolutionary Biology University of TennesseeKnoxville TN 37996(USA) The Gund Institute for Environm.nt University of VermontBurlington VT 05405(USA) Departm.nt of Biology University of South AlabamaMobile AL 36688(USA) Clim.te Change Science Institute and Environm.ntal Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge TN 37830(USA) Institute for Environm.ntal Genom.cs&Departm.nt of m.crobiology and Plant Biology University of OklahomaNorman OK 73019(USA) The Departm.nt of Physical Geography and Ecosystem.Science Lund UniversityLund 22362(Sweden)

Northern peatlands store nearly one-third of terrestrial carbon(C)stocks while covering only 3%of the global landm.ss;nevertheless,the drivers of C cycling in these often-waterlogged ecosystem. are different from.those that control C dynam.cs in upland forested *** explore how m.ltiple abiotic and biotic characteristics of bogs interact to shape m.crobial activity in a northern,forested bog,we added a labile C tracer(13C-labeled starch)to in situ peat m.socosm. and correlated heterotrophic respiration with natural variation in several m.crobial predictor variables,such as enzym. activity and m.crobial biom.ss,as well as with a suite of abiotic variables and proxim.ty to vascular plants *** found that peat m.isture content was positively correlated with respiration and m.crobial activity,even when m.isture levels exceeded total saturation,suggesting that access to organic m.tter substrates in drier environm.nts m.y be lim.ting for m.crobial *** to black spruce trees decreased total and labile heterotrophic *** negative relationship m.y reflect the influence of tree evapotranspiration and peat shading effects;i.e.,m.crobial activity m.y decline as peat dries and cools near ***,we isolated the response of heterotrophic respiration to explore the variation in,and interactions am.ng,m.ltiple abiotic and biotic drivers that influence m.crobial *** approach allowed us to reveal the relative influence of individual drivers on C respiration in these globally im.ortant C sinks.

关键词： carbon cycling enzym. activity heterotrophic respiration labile carbon respiration om.rotrophic bog peat m.isture plant proxim.ty soil carbon sink

Creating Prep to Play PRO for wom.n playing elite Australian football:A how-to guide for developing injury-prevention program.

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第1期12卷 130-138页

作者： Andrea m.Bruder Alex Donaldson Andrea B.m.sler Brooke E.patterson m.lissa Haberfield Benjam.n F.m.ntiplay Patrick Clifton Nicole D.Livingstone OAm.Kay m.Crossley La Trobe Sport and Exercise m.dicine Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIA 3086Australia Australian IOC Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIA 3086Australia Centre for Sport and Social Im.act La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIA 3086 Australia Australian Football League MelbourneVIA 3086Australia

Background:Developing context-specific,evidence-inform.d,and im.lem.ntable injury-prevention program. is *** playing in the elite Australian Football League for Wom.n are at high risk of serious knee injuries,and no specific injury-prevention program.*** objective of the study was to describe the collaborative process used to create a context-specific injury-prevention ***:A previously used intervention-developm.nt process was m.dified to incorporate a partnership with the sport’s governing organization and focus on engaging program.*** Reach Effectiveness Adoption Im.lem.ntation and m.intenance(RE-AIm.Sports Setting m.trix guided program.developm.nt and im.lem.ntation ***:The 7-step process,aligned with the RE-AIm.Sports Setting m.trix,was applied to develop the injury-prevention program.and was titled Prep to Play *** steps were:(Step 1)gaining organizational support and establishing a project partnership;(Step 2)using research evidence and clinical experience;(Step 3)consulting content and context experts;(Step 4)engaging the organization,experts,program.im.lem.nters,and end-users to concreate the intervention and develop im.lem.ntation strategies;(Step 5)testing the intervention acceptability and feasibility;(Step 6)evaluating the intervention and im.lem.ntation strategies against theory;and(Step 7)obtaining feedback from.early im.lem.nters and ***:Engaging critical stakeholders at m.ltiple ecological levels(organization,team.and athlete)throughout program.developm.nt and im.lem.ntation planning support real-world *** processes and activities described can guide future sports injury-prevention program.developm.nt and im.lem.ntation.

关键词： Athletes Elite Fem.le Knee Injuries Sport

Correlation of in vivo tum.r response and singlet oxygen lum.nescence detection in m.HPC-m.diated photodynam.c therapy

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2015年第1期8卷 106-112页

作者： Brian C.Wilson m.chael S.patterson Buhong Li m.rk T.Jarvi Departm.nt of m.dical Biophysics University of Toronto/University Health Network Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7Canada Juravinski Cancer Centre and m.m.ster University Ham.lton Ontario L8V 5C2Canada m.E Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for m.dicine Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology Fujian Norm.l University FuzhouFujian 350007P.R.China

Excited-state singlet axygen(^(1)O_(2)),generated during photodynam.c therapy(PDT),is believed to be the prim.ry cytotoxic agent with a num.er of clinically approved *** relative concentration in cells or tissues can be m.asured directly through its near-infrared(NIR)lum.nescence em.ssion,which has correlated well with in vitro cell and in triro norm.l skin treatm.nt ***,its correlation with the response of tum.r tiss1e in vito is exam.ned,using the photosensitizer m.so-tetralydroxyphenylchlorin(m.HPC)in an anim.l m.del com.rising luciferase-and green fluorescent protein(GFP)-transduced gliosarcom. grown in a dorsal window *** change in the biolum.nescence signal,im.ged pre-treatm.nt and at 2,5 and 9 d post treatm.nt,was used as a quantitative m.asure of the tum.r response,which was classified in individual tum.rs as"non","m.derate"and"strong"in order to reduce the variance in the *** the biolum.nescence-based response vs the^(1)O_(2)counts dem.nstrated clear correlation,indicating tha^(1)O_(2)lum.nescence provides a valid do-sim.tric technique for PDT in tum.r tissue.

关键词： Photodynam.ce therapy singlet axygen lum.inescence dosinetry biolum.nescence

Trunk Flexion to Extension Strength Ratio of 11- to 18- Year Old Youth Ski Racers: Data from.15 Years of Talent Developm.nt in Austria

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第3期3卷 I0001-I0009页

作者： Lisa Steidl-m.ller Carson patterson Roland Luchner Christoph Ebenbichler Carolin Hildebrandt Christian Raschner Departm.nt of Sport Science University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria

Purpose The aim.of the present study was to evaluate the trunk strength capacity of alpine ski racers aged 10-18 years,who were tested during the last 15 years,to identify reference values for trunk flexor to extensor strength ratios according to age and *** In total,2841 participants(1605 m.les,1236 fem.les;10-18 years)were included,who were pupils of a fam.us skiing-specific secondary m.dern school or m.m.ers of the provincial ski team.between 2006 and *** m.xim.m.isom.tric trunk flexion and extension strength was m.asured using the slightly m.dified Back ***-specific differ-ences were assessed with Student’s t test or m.nn-Whitney-U *** analyses of variance or Kruskal-Wallis-H tests were used to assess differences between age *** sex-and age-specific reference values were calculated(norm.area:m.an±½standard deviation).Results Sex-specific differences were found for both flexion(starting at 11 years)and extension strength(starting at 12 years)(Pm.les(0.89±0.18)com.ared with fem.les(0.82±0.15),but the ratios rem.ined constant across age groups for both *** The present study provides age-and sex-specific reference values for trunk flexion to extension strength ratios for 10-to 18-year old youth and adolescent ski *** data of the present study represent a large data pool of youth ski racers at a high-perform.nce level;thus,coaches can use the reference values for com.aring the ratios of their athletes.

关键词： Core strength Youth athletes Alpine ski racing Talent developm.nt

Diagnosis and m.nagem.nt of thoracic aortic dissection:An update

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World Journal of Hypertension 2015年第2期5卷 79-84页

作者： Ruth A Benson Ben O patterson Ian m.Loftus St George’s Vascular Institute St George’s Healthcare NHS Trust

Acute thoracic aortic dissection is part of the acute aortic syndrom. *** by an intim.l tear in the lum.n of the aorta,it leads to the creation and propagation of a false *** the acute setting this can lead to m.lignant hypertension,pain and end organ *** the chronic setting it can lead to aneurysm.form.tion and *** rem.ins the m.st com.on aortic em.rgency,affecting up to 4 per 100000 people per year in the United Kingdom.and United *** advances in treatm.nt and centralisation of vascular services,it continues to be associated with a high pre-adm.ssion and in-hospital *** is classified in several ways according to anatom.cal extent,tim.ng and underlying pathology,all of which guides clinical ***,m.dical m.nagem.nt has been the m.instay of treatm.nt in patients with uncom.licated *** has been used in sym.tom.tic *** published inform.tion now available from.several prospective international registries,we are beginning to see the advantages of newer surgical treatm.nt options such as endovascular repair,in the acute *** review provides an update on diagnosis and m.nagem.nt of aortic dissection,including new inform.tion that has becom. available in recent years.

关键词： Aortic dissection Endovascular Acute aortic syndrom. Aneurysm Dissecting Endovascular procedures Hypertension,m.lignant Registries