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Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatotropic viruses comorbidities as the inducers of liver injury progression

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第4期25卷 398-410页

作者： Murali Ganesan Larisa y Poluektova Kusum K Kharbanda natalia A Osna Research Service Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System Department of Internal Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center

Hepatotropic viruses induced hepatitis progresses much faster and causes more liver-related health problems in people co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). Although treatment with antiretroviral therapy has extended the life expectancy of people with HIV, liver disease induced by hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) causes significant numbers of non-acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)-related deaths in coinfected patients. In recent years, new insights into the mechanisms of accelerated fibrosis and liver disease progression in HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV co-infections have been reported. In this paper, we review recent studies examining the natural history and pathogenesis of liver disease in HIV-HCV/HBV co-infection in the era of direct acting antivirals(DAA) and antiretroviral therapy(ART). We also review the novel therapeutics for management of HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV coinfected individuals.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis B virus Fibrosis Stiffness Treatment

Liver as a target of human immunodeficiency virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第42期24卷 4728-4737页

Liver injury is a characteristic feature of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection, which is the second most common cause of mortality in HIV-infected patients. Now it is recognized that liver plays a key role in HIV infection pathogenesis. Antiretroviral therapy(ART), which suppresses HIV infection in permissive immune cells, is less effective in hepatocytes, thereby making these cells a silent reservoir of HIV infection. In addition to direct hepatotoxic effects of HIV, certain ART treatment modalities provide hepatotoxic effects. The exact mechanisms of HIV-triggered chronic hepatitis progression are not elucidated, but the liver is adversely affected by HIV-infection and liver cells are prominently involved in HIV-elicited injury. These effects are potentiated by second hits like alcohol. Here, we will focus on the incidence of HIV, clinical evidence of HIVrelated liver damage, interactions between HIV and liver cells and the role of alcohol and co-infection with hepatotropic viruses in liver inflammation and fibrosis progression.

关键词： Liver cells Antiretroviral therapy Apoptosis Inflammation Fibrosis Immunodeficiency virus Alcohol

Role of alcohol in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第9期26卷 883-903页

作者： Murali Ganesan Allison Eikenberry Larisa y Poluektova Kusum K Kharbanda natalia A Osna Research Service Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care SystemOmahaNE 68105United States Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68105United States

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)and alcohol abuse often contribute to the development of end-stage liver *** abuse not only causes rapid progression of liver disease in HBV infected patients but also allows HBV to persist ***,the mechanism by which alcohol promotes the progression of HBVassociated liver disease are not completely *** mechanisms include a suppressed immune response,oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus stresses,and increased HBV ***,more research is necessary to gain a better understanding of these mechanisms such that treatment(s)to prevent rapid liver disease progression in alcohol-abusing HBV patients could be *** this review,we discuss the aforementioned factors for the higher risk of liver diseases in alcohol-induced HBV pathogenies and suggest the areas for future studies in this field.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Alcohol Immunity Oxidative stress Liver disease

Characterization and modeling of the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity in sintered porous silicon-aluminum nanomaterials

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Nano Research 2022年第6期15卷 5663-5670页

作者： Danny Kojda Tommy Hofmann natalia Gostkowska-Lekner Klaus Habicht Department Dynamics and Transport in Quantum Materials Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHBerlin D-14109Germany Institute of Physics and Astronomy University of PotsdamPotsdam D-14476Germany

Nanostructured silicon and silicon-aluminum compounds are synthesized by a novel synthesis strategy based on spark plasma sintering(SPS)of silicon nanopowder,mesoporous silicon(pSi),and aluminum *** interplay of metal-assisted crystallization and inherent porosity is exploited to largely suppress thermal *** and temperaturedependent thermal conductivity studies allow us to elucidate the impact of porosity and nanostructure on the macroscopic heat *** electron microscopy along with quantitative image analysis is applied to characterize the sample morphology in terms of domain size and interpore distance *** demonstrate that nanostructured domains and high porosity can be maintained in densified mesoporous silicon *** contrast,strong grain growth is observed for sintered nanopowders under similar sintering *** observe that aluminum agglomerations induce local grain growth,while aluminum diffusion is observed in porous silicon and dispersed nanoparticles.A detailed analysis of the measured thermal conductivity between 300 and 773 K allows us to distinguish the effect of reduced thermal conductivity caused by porosity from the reduction induced by phonon scattering at nanosized *** a modified Landauer/Lundstrom approach the relative thermal conductivity and the scattering length are *** relative thermal conductivity confirms the applicability of Kirkpatrick’s effective medium *** extracted scattering lengths are in excellent agreement with the harmonic mean of log-normal distributed domain sizes and the interpore distances combined by Matthiessen’s rule.

关键词： thermal conductivity mesoporous silicon porosity spark plasma sintering nanoscale modeling

Visual pathways involvement in clinically isolated syndrome in children

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2015年第2期8卷 382-384页

作者： Vladislav Voitenkov natalia Skripchenko Andrey Klimkin Scientific Research Institute of Children's Infections Professora Popova 9

AIM: To investigate extent and nature of visual pathways involvement in children with clinically isolated syndrome(CIS).METHODS: Forty-seven patients(age 11-17y) with CIS, which later proved to be multiple sclerosis(MS)onset, and 30 controls underwent visual evoked potentials(VEP) investigation within 12 d from the appearance of the first signs of disease. Latency and amplitude of P100 peak were compared with normative data and between ***: In 58% patients, including those without signs of retrobulbar neuritis, significant slowing of conduction along the central visual pathways(P100latency lengthening) is seen. P100 amplitudes drop(signs of axonal damage) are registered less frequently(29% cases).CONCLUSION: The results indicate that visual pathways are often affected in the MS onset; mostly demyelination signs are seen. Despite MRI significance for MS diagnostic, VEPs proved to be still effective in early diagnosis of MS in children.

关键词： visual evoked potentials multiple sclerosis clinically isolated syndrome children visual pathway

Diversity of coronaviruses in wild and domestic birds in Vietnam

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第10期15卷 442-450页

作者： Vasily y.Marchenko natalia P.Kolosova Alexey V.Danilenko Maria K.Bragina Tran Thi Nhai Alexander B.Ryzhikov Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology“Vector”Rospotrebnadzor 630559Novosibirsk regionKoltsovoRussia Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technology Centre 650000Nguyen Van HuyenNghia DoCau GiayHanoiVietnam

Objective:To investigate the genetic diversity of coronaviruses in wild and domestic birds in the bird park and live poultry markets of Ca Mau province in Vietnam in ***:A total of 228 samples(121 from wild birds and 107 from poultry)were collected in the territory of Ca Mau province of Vietnam in *** avian samples were tested for the presence of the four genera of coronaviruses using reverse transcription and nested *** genetic analysis using targeted NGS sequencing of RdRp gene was performed for 29 representative samples(12 samples from wild birds and 17 from poultry).Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the neighbour joininig method with 1000 bootstrap replications using MEGA X ***:Among wild birds,21.5%samples were positive for the genetic material of coronaviruses and 38.3%samples were positive for coronaviruses among *** analysis of the partial sequence of RdRp gene from representative samples revealed that wild birds were carriers of gammacoronaviruses and *** poultry,three genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus(QX,Mass and Q1)were detected in chickens,with QX genotypes being predominant,and viruses of DCoV group were detected in domestic *** was no detection of alphacoronaviruses or betacoronaviruses in the studied ***:Coronaviruses of genera Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus were detected in wild birds.A high percentage of infectious bronchitis virus was detected in ***,there is a need for broader surveillance of coronaviruses in birds,which can be used for evaluation of diversity,evolution and distribution of coronaviruses in *** surveillance of coronaviruses circulation in wild and domestic animals is necessary for implementing strategic measures for poultry and domestic animal protection and for evaluation of possible risk of circulating coronaviruses to human health.

关键词： Avian coronavirus Gammacoronavirus Deltacoronavirus Surveillance Wild birds Poultry Vietnam

The mystery of molten metal

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China Foundry 2010年第4期7卷 425-437页

作者： natalia Sobczak Jerzy Sobczak Rajiv Asthana Robert Purgert Foundry Research Institute Department of Engineering & Technology University of Wisconsin-Stout Energy Industries of Ohio

Recent advances in scientific understanding of high-temperature materials processing using novel experimental methodologies have shed light on the complex role of surface and interface phenomena. New in-situ studies on molten metal/solid ceramic interactions using a unique experimental complex at the Foundry Research Institute, Krakow, have revealed a number of unusual observations in materials processing at high temperatures. We present some such unusual observations and their explanation with reference to liquid metal processing of Al, Ni, and Ti, and their alloys in contact with oxide ceramics. In particular, we focus on the following aspects: primary oxidation of Al from residual water vapor or oxygen, capillary purification to remove surface oxide, substrate protection by CVD carbon, roughening due to spinel whisker formation, inclusions in castings due to mechanical detachment, floatation due to buoyancy forces, and segregation due to directional solidifciation, modification of the solid surface morphology by metal vapor ahead of the liquid, and the complication due to multi-component alloys melted in crucibles made from complex oxide-based ceramics. In the case of Ti, rapid reactions with oxides result in undesirable volumetric changes that create difficulty in casting high-quality Ti parts, particularly by investment casting. Nanoscale (e.g., colloidal) coatings based on y2O3 protect crucibles and hold ladles against such attack. Practical insights and recommendations for materials processing emerging from the fundamental studies on high-temperature interfacial phenomena have been described.

关键词： molten metal high-temperature phenomena in-situ observation casting defects

Polarization effect in tip-enhanced infrared nanospect- roscopy studies of the selective y5 receptor antagonist Lu AA33810

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Nano Research 2018年第8期11卷 4401-4411页

作者： natalia Piergies Ewa Pinta Czestawa Paluszkiewicz Helena Domin Wojciech M.Kwiatek Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences PL-31342 Krakow Poland Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences Department of Neurobiology 31-343 Krakow Smetna Street 12 Poland natalia Piergies and Ewa Pieta contributed equally to this work.

A novel approach of combining conventional infrared spectroscopy （IR） and atomic force microscopy （AFM） is presented to better understand the behavior of a drug adsorbed on a metal substrate at the nanoscale level. Tip-enhanced infrared nanospectroscopy （TEIRA） was used for the first time to investigate Lu AA33810, a selective brain-penetrating y5 receptor antagonist, after immobilization on gold nanopartides （GNPs）. Here, a gold coated AFM tip and gold substrate were used to obtain the near-field electromagnetic field trapping effect. Because of the huge signal enhancement, it was possible to obtain the spectral information regarding the self-assembled monolayer of the investigated molecule. The effect of two orthogonal polarizations （p- and s-polarization modulations） of the excitation laser beam on the spectral patterns is also discussed. The results show that there is a strong relationship between the state of polarization of the incident radiation and the relative infrared band intensities. Another factor affecting the observed spectral differences is the topology of the metal substrate, which may result in the induction of a cross-polarization effect. The performed analysis indicates that the C--C bond from the cyclohexyl group is oriented almost parallel to the metal surface. Conversely, the p- and s-polarized spectral variations suggest that the O=S---O angle is high enough to enable the simultaneous interaction of both oxygen atoms with the GNPs.

关键词： tip-enhanced infrared nanospectroscopy polarization modulation y5 receptor antagonist gold nanoparticles adsorption

Rifampicin quinone pretreatment improves neuronal survival by modulating microglia inflammation induced by α-synuclein

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1473-1474页

作者： Leonardo Acuna natalia S.Corbalán Rita Raisman-Vozari Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Universidad Nacional de Salta(UNSa)SaltaArgentina Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelleépinière(ICM) Inserm U 1127CNRS UMR 7225Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance

The World Health Organization has predicted that neurodegenerative diseases affecting the motor function will become the second most prevalent cause of death in the next 20 *** therapies can result from three main sources:synthetic compounds,natural products,and existing ***’s disease(PD)is a common neurodegenerative disease affecting 1–3%of the adult population over 50 years of age *** is initially characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compact and later by the widespread loss of nondopaminergic neurons,including those in the cortex.

关键词： inflammation death drugs