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缺血性卒中的一级预防——美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会卒中委员会指南动脉粥样硬化性周围血管病跨学科工作组、心血管护理委员会、临床心脏病学委员会、营养、体力活动和代谢委员会以及医疗质量和转归研究跨学科工作组共同倡导

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国际脑血管病杂志 2006年第8期14卷 572-618页

作者： Larry B. Goldstein Robert Adam. m.rk J. Alberts lawrence J. Appel lawrence m. brass Cheryl D. Bushnell Antonio Culebras Thom.s J. DeGraba Philip B. Gorelick John R. Guyton Robert G. Hart George Howard m.rgaret Kelly-Hayes J.V. (Ian) Nixon Ralph L. Sacco 苏克江高宗恩解放军66393部队医院胜利油田中心医院

背景和目的本指南提供有关各种确定和潜在的卒中危险因素证据的概述,并提供降低卒中风险的推荐。方法写作组成员由委员会主席根据每位作者先前在相关课题领域中的工作提名,并经美国心脏协会(AHA)卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会批准。写... 详细信息

背景和目的本指南提供有关各种确定和潜在的卒中危险因素证据的概述,并提供降低卒中风险的推荐。方法写作组成员由委员会主席根据每位作者先前在相关课题领域中的工作提名,并经美国心脏协会(AHA)卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会批准。写作组采用系统文献回顾(涵盖时间段为2001年最后一次回顾发表到2005年1月),参考先前已发表的指南、个人文件和专家意见来概括现有的证据,指明现有知识的差距;如果合适,则根据标准的AHA标准做出简明的推荐。写作组全体成员在撰写过程中均有很多机会对推荐进行评论并认可这份声明的最终版本。在AHA科学咨询与协调委员会批准之前,本指南已进行过广泛的同行评议。结果对评价个体首次卒中风险的流程图进行评估。根据干预的可能性(不可干预、可干预或潜在可干预)和证据的强度(证据充分或证据不太充分),对首次卒中的危险因素或风险标记物进行分类。不可干预的危险因素包括年龄、性别、出生体重低、人种/种族和遗传因素。证据充分的可干预危险因素包括高血压、主动或被动吸烟、糖尿病、心房颤动和某些其他心脏病、血脂异常、颈动脉狭窄、镰状细胞病、绝经后激素治疗、不良饮食习惯、缺乏体力活动、肥胖和体脂分布。证据不太充分或潜在的可干预危险因素包括代谢综合征、酗酒、药物滥用、口服避孕药、睡眠呼吸障碍、偏头痛、高同型半胱氨酸血症、脂蛋白(a)升高、脂蛋白相关的磷脂酶升高、高凝状态、炎症和感染。对应用阿司匹林进行卒中一级预防的资料进行回顾。结论有大量证据可以用于确定增加首次卒中风险的各种特殊因素和提供降低这种风险的策略。

关键词：美国心脏协会科学声明卒中危险因素一级预防

缺血性卒中的一级预防美国心脏协会／美国卒中协会卒中委员会指南

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中华脑血管病论坛 2006年第1期4卷 67-107页

作者： Larry B. Goldstein Robert Adam. m.rk J. Alberts lawrence J. Appel lawrence m. brass Cheryl D. Bushnell Antonio Culebras Thom.s J. DeGraba Philip B. Gorelick John R. Guyton Robert G. Hart George Howard m.rgaret Kelly-Hayes J.V. （Ian） Nixon Ralph L. Sacco 苏克江（译）高宗恩（译）

背景和目的：本指南提供有关各种确定和潜在的卒中危险因素证据的概述，并提供降低卒中风险的推荐。方法：写作组成员由委员会主席根据每位作者先前在相关课题领域中的工作提名，并经美国心脏协会（AHA）卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会... 详细信息

背景和目的：本指南提供有关各种确定和潜在的卒中危险因素证据的概述，并提供降低卒中风险的推荐。方法：写作组成员由委员会主席根据每位作者先前在相关课题领域中的工作提名，并经美国心脏协会（AHA）卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会批准。写作组采用系统文献回顾（涵盖时间段为2001年最后一次回顾发表到2005年1月），参考先前已发表的指南、个人文件和专家意见来概括现有的证据，指明现有知识的差距，如果合适，则根据标准的AHA标准做出简明的推荐。写作组全体成员在撰写过程中均有很多机会对推荐进行评论并认可这份声明的最终版本。在AHA科学咨询与协调委员会批准之前，本指南已进行过广泛的同行评议。结果：对评价个体首次卒中风险的流程图进行评价。根据进行干预的可能性（不可干预、可干预或潜在可干预）和证据的强度（证据充分或证据不太充分）。对首次卒中的危险因素或风险标记物进行分类。不可干预危险因素包括年龄、性别，出生体重低、人种／种族和遗传因素。证据充分的可干预危险因素包括高血压、主动或被动吸烟、糖尿病、心房颤动和某些其他心脏病、血脂异常、颈动脉狭窄、镰状细胞病，绝经后激素治疗、不良饮食习惯、缺乏体力活动、肥胖和体脂分布。证据不太充分或潜在的可干预危险因素包括代谢综合征、酗酒、药物滥用、口服避孕药、睡眠呼吸障碍、偏头痛、高同型半胱氨酸血症、脂蛋白（a）升高、脂蛋白相关的磷脂酶升高、高凝状态、炎症和感染。对应用阿司匹林进行卒中一级预防的资料进行回顾。结论：有大量证据确定增加首次卒中风险的各种特殊因素和提供降低这种风险的策略。

关键词：美国心脏协会科学声明卒中危险因素一级预防

Control of Cell Wall Extensibility during Pollen Tube Growth

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m.lecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 998-1017页

作者： Peter K. Hepler Caleb m. Rounds lawrence J. Winship Biology Departm.nt University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA School of Natural Science Hampshire College Amherst MA 01002 USA

In this review, we address the question of how the tip-growing pollen tube achieves its rapid rate of elongation while m.intaining an intact cell wall. Although turgor is essential for growth to occur, the local expansion rate is controlled by local changes in the viscosity of the apical wall. We focus on several different structures and underly- ing processes that are thought to be m.jor participants including exocytosis, the organization and activity of the actin cytoskeleton, calcium.and proton physiology, and cellular energetics. We think that the actin cytoskeleton, in particular the apical cortical actin fringe, directs the flow of vesicles to the apical dom.in, where they fuse with the plasm. m.m. brane and contribute their contents to the expanding cell wall. While pH gradients, as generated by a proton-ATPase located on the plasm. m.m.rane along the side of the clear zone, m.y regulate rapid actin turnover and new polym.ri- zation in the fringe, the tip-focused calcium.gradient biases secretion towards the polar axis. The recent data showing that exocytosis of new wall m.terial precedes and predicts the process of cell elongation provide support for the idea that the intussusception of newly secreted pectin contributes to decreases in apical wall viscosity and to cell expansion. Other prim. factors will be the localization and activity of the enzym. pectin m.thyl-esterase, and the chelation of calcium.by pectic acids. Finally, we acknowledge a role for reactive oxygen species in the control of wall viscosity.

关键词： cell expansion cell walls cytoskeleton dynam.cs polarity pollen developm.nt.

Recent research situation in tin dioxide nanom.terials： synthesis, m.crostructures, and properties

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Frontiers of m.terials Science 2013年第3期7卷 203-226页

作者： Zhi-Wen CHEN Chan-Hung SHEK C. m. lawrence WU Joseph K. L. LAI Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China Departm.nt of Physics and m.terials Science City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China

This review article sum.arizes the new research in solid-state physical chem.stry understanding of the m.crostructure characteristics of sem.conductor tin oxide thin film. m.de in the last years in our group. The work m.inly focuses on the fabrication technology of sem.conductor tin oxides thin film. by using pulsed laser deposition （PLD） as well as the application of this technology on new m.cro- and nanostructured m.terials. It is an interdisciplinary work that integrates the areas of physics, chem.stry and m.terials science.

关键词： tin dioxide thin film synthesis m.crostructure nanostructure property

Vascularization in interconnected 3D printed Ti-6Al-4V foam. with hydrogel m.trix for biom.dical bone replacem.nt im.lants

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Science China m.terials 2018年第4期61卷 565-578页

作者： Victor L.Correa Kristine m.Garza lawrence E.m.rr Departm.nt of m.tallurgical Materials and Biomedical Engineering University of Texas at El Paso Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Texas at El Paso

Vascularization on newly im.lanted m.tal orthopedic im.lants has rem.ined a challenge in the field of tissue engineering. To address this challenge, in this research,an interconnected foam.structure of Ti-6 Al-4 V was m.crofabricated by electron beam.m.lting(EBm. technique. The foam.in question has a density of 1.77 g cm.3 with 60% porosity and a tensile strength of 18 GPa. An extracellular m.trix based hydrogel was added as an aqueous m.trix to the *** m.m.tic stress has been closely related to m.ny wound healing biom.dical applications as it increases survival and proliferation m.lecular signals. To that end, increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(Hif-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in the aqueous hydrogel m.trix was achieved by the addition of a hypoxia m.m.tic deferoxam.ne m.sylate(DFm.. In this study, the form.tion of an endothelial network was achieved in a hydrogel m.trix in the presence of the before m.ntioned 3 D printed m.tal foam. Cellular viability, fluorescent m.croscopy and scanning electron m.croscopy im.ging analysis dem.nstrate that pre-osteoblasts undergo proliferation and also attach efficiently to the foam.when exposed to DFm. Hum.n um.ilical vascular endothelial cells(HUVECs) were grown in an extracellular m.trix-like 3 D hydrogel and a hypoxia-like stress was achieved. This research dem.nstrates that pre-osteoblast cells undergo cell differentiation and increase the production of hydroxyapatite on exposure to the hypoxia m.m.tic m.lecule. This proposed approach encom.asses an ideal prototype for a com.letely living im.lanted structure for future orthopedic im.lants.

关键词： Ti-6Al-4V electron beam.m.lting angiogenesis deferoxam.ne m.sylate hydrogel vascularization

Distinctive param.ters of action of stem.cells and m.dulatory m.croenvironm.ntal m.crocirculation in gliom.genesis

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Stem.Cell Discovery 2013年第1期3卷 1-6页

作者： lawrence m. Agius Departm.nt of Pathology Mater Dei Hospital University of Malta Medical School Msida Malta

Definition of the m.lignant transform.tion event is central to a distinction between neural stem.cells and cancer stem.cells. In such m.nner, the descriptive analysis of various tum.rs such as gliom.s would allow for the distinction of genetic injury and probably epigenetic events that transform.gene transcription pathways. Hypoxia is a m.jor conditioning influence acting on stem.cell niche m.croenvironm.nts that evolve in term. particularly of m.cro-vascular dynam.cs. The increm.ntal involvem.nt of entire fields of cancerization allows for the establishm.nt of perm.ssive conditions of repetitive nature and within the contextual involvem.nt of m.ltiple clones of injured cells that condition, in turn, the stem.cell niche. In view of the establishm.nt of progressive m.lignant change, it is significant to view the cancerization as an integral involvem.nt of both sequential and concurrent events in defining the roles of stem.cells and cancer stem.cells in term. of a prim.l process of dedifferentiation beyond sim.le m.rkers of m.rphologic transform.tion.

关键词： Stem Cells Gliom.genesis m.crocirculation m.lignant Transform.tion

HIV-1 Prim.rily Targets the Innate Im.une System.and Only Secondarily m.dulates Adaptive Im.une Cell Depletion

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World Journal of AIDS 2012年第3期2卷 226-231页

作者： lawrence m. Agius Departm.nt of Pathology Mater Dei Hospital Tal-Qroqq Malta 2University of m.lta m.dical School Msida Malta

Persistence of HIV-1 infection allows for perm.ssive m.croenvironm.ntal conditioning in term. of contextual innate im.une participation. The progression of host cell injury constitutes an additional param.tric form.lation in self-am.lifying m.dulation of the adaptive im.une response in a m.nner that inclusively prom.tes the em.rgence of a final stage of AIDS that is both depletive and perm.ssive for opportunistic infections and various form. of neoplasia. It is within contextual indices of prom.tion of depleted T-helper lym.hocytes and of augm.nted virem.c loads that m.nifestations of classic lesions em.rge as the AIDS phenom.non. It is further to be realized that an apoptotic response of m.ltiple cell subtypes including T-lym.hocytes includes host-cell participation within form.lated settings of further persistence of the retroviral infection. An all-inclusive phenom.non of dendritic cell-lym.hocyte synapse form.lation corresponds to the establishm.nt of HIV-1 infection that specifically conditions all subsequent stages in depletion of the injured host cells regardless of the dynam.cs or kinetics of the retroviral replicative infectious process itself.

关键词： HIV-1 Infection Aids Im.une Persistence

Operative sequentiality in tum.r differentiation and progression as protein m.lecular structure and sequence context in m.dulating alternative splicing events

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Open Journal of Genetics 2013年第2期3卷 83-88页

作者： lawrence m. Agius Departm.nt of Pathology Mater Dei Hospital University of Malta Medical School Msida Malta

This review article discusses dim.nsional reconstruction of alternative splicing that not only affects prim.rily the distributional dim.nsions of isoform. of various protein species but especially influences the nature of interactivity events between various protein species and also the structure of the given protein m.lecules. In such term., disorders of differentiation of individual tum.rs and of tum.r types and subtypes would correlate with distinctive dim.nsions of expression of a lim.ted num.er of genes in various m.des of expressed selectivity program.. In particular, the differentiation program. of norm.l tissues would correlate with com.inatorial system. of splicing factors and of auxiliary factors in the developm.nt of patterns of gene expression. The significance of m.s-splicing events is consonant with the wide range of phenotypic expression of neoplastic lesions and in the great variety of differentiation patterns and also of the variable degrees of differentiation of various com.onents of a given neoplasm. The structure of given protein isoform. resulting from.alternative splicing correlate with the sequence context of exons in the enhancem.nt or inhibition of splicing events and would also influence pathobiologic behavior patterns of given neoplastic lesions. The developm.nt of abnorm.l cell signalling pathways and of interactivity patterns in a com.inatorial way would directly influence the stability and trafficking dynam.cs of given protein m.lecular species in inducing an abundance of protein isoform.production. Series of m.lti-com.onent system. ranging from.receptivity to consequential pathways of developm.nt of differential phenotype would allow for a high degree of m.dulatory effect within system. im.licating in particular the interactions of individual tum.r cells with each other and with the m.trix com.onents. It is within the context of constitutive versus alternative splicing events that this review article proposes that proportional recreati

关键词： RNA Splicing Neoplasm. Tum.rigenesis Protein Isoform.

Strategies for creating living, additively m.nufactured, open-cellular m.tal and alloy im.lants by prom.ting osseointegration,osteoinduction and vascularization: An overview

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2019年第2期35卷 231-241页

作者： lawrence E.m.rr Departm.nt of m.tallurgical Materials and Biomedical Engineering The University of Texas at El Paso W.m.Keck Center for 3D Innovation The University of Texas at El Paso

Additive m.nufacturing of porous, open-cellular m.tal or alloy im.lants, fabricated by laser or electron beam.m.lting of a powder bed, is briefly reviewed in relation to optim.zing biom.chanical com.atibility by assuring elastic(Young's) m.dulus m.tching of proxim.te bone, along with corresponding pore sizes assuring osseointegration and vasculature developm.nt and m.gration. In addition, associated, requisite com.ressive and fatigue strengths for such im.lants are described. Strategies for optim.zing osteoblast(bone cell) developm.nt and osteoinduction as well as vascularization of tissue in 3 D scaffolds and tissue engineering constructs for bone repair are reviewed in relation to the biology of osteogenesis and neovascularization in bone, and the role of associated growth factors, bone m.rphogenic proteins, signaling m.lecules and the like. Prospects for infusing hydrogel/collagen m.trices containing these cellular and protein com.onents or surgically extracted intram.dullary(bone m.rrow) concentrate/aspirate containing these biological and cell com.onents into porous im.lants are discussed, as strategies for creating living im.lants, which over the long term.would act as m.tal or alloy scaffolds.

关键词： Additive m.nufacturing Open cellular m.tal and alloy im.lants Electron beam m.lting Living im.lant strategies Vascularization Osseointegration Osteoinduction