Strategies for creating living, additively manufactured, open-cellular metal and alloy implants by promoting osseointegration,osteoinduction and vascularization: An overview

作     者：Lawrence E.Murr 

作者机构：Department of Metallurgical Materials and Biomedical Engineering The University of Texas at El Paso W.M.Keck Center for 3D Innovation The University of Texas at El Paso 

出 版 物：《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》 (材料科学技术（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2019年第35卷第2期

页      面：231-241页

核心收录：

学科分类：08[工学] 0805[工学-材料科学与工程（可授工学、理学学位）] 

主　　题：Additive manufacturing Open cellular metal and alloy implants Electron beam melting Living implant strategies Vascularization Osseointegration Osteoinduction 

摘      要：Additive manufacturing of porous, open-cellular metal or alloy implants, fabricated by laser or electron beam melting of a powder bed, is briefly reviewed in relation to optimizing biomechanical compatibility by assuring elastic(Young s) modulus matching of proximate bone, along with corresponding pore sizes assuring osseointegration and vasculature development and migration. In addition, associated, requisite compressive and fatigue strengths for such implants are described. Strategies for optimizing osteoblast(bone cell) development and osteoinduction as well as vascularization of tissue in 3 D scaffolds and tissue engineering constructs for bone repair are reviewed in relation to the biology of osteogenesis and neovascularization in bone, and the role of associated growth factors, bone morphogenic proteins, signaling molecules and the like. Prospects for infusing hydrogel/collagen matrices containing these cellular and protein components or surgically extracted intramedullary(bone marrow) concentrate/aspirate containing these biological and cell components into porous implants are discussed, as strategies for creating living implants, which over the long term would act as metal or alloy scaffolds.