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Ferroelectricity Induced by Oxygen Vacancies in Rhombohedral ZrO_(2) thin Films

Energy & Environmental materials 2024年第1期7卷 229-237页

作者： Veniero Lenzi José P.B.Silva Břetislav Šmíd Vladimir matoín Cosmin M.Istrate Corneliu Ghica judith L.macmanus-Driscoll Luís marques Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities(CF-UM-UP) University of MinhoCampus de Gualtar 4710-057Braga Portugal Laboratory of Physics for materials and Emergent technologies LapMETUniversity of Minho4710-057Braga Portugal Department of Surface and Plasma Science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityV Holešovičkách 218000Prague 8 Czech Republic National Institute of materials Physics 105 bis Atomistilor 077125Magurele Romania Department of materials Science and Metallurgy 27 Charles Babbage Rd.Cambridge CB3 OFSUK

Rhombohedral phase Hf_(x)Zr_(1.x)O_(2)(HZO,x from 0 to 1)films are promising for achieving robust ferroelectric polarization without the need for an initial wake-up pre-cycling,as is normally the case for the more commonly studied orthorhombic ***,a large spontaneous polarization observed in rhombohedral films is not fully understood,and there are also large discrepancies between experimental and theoretical *** this work,in rhombohedral ZrO_(2)thin films,we show that oxygen vacancies are not only a key factor for stabilizing the phase,but they are also a source of ferroelectric polarization in the *** is shown experimentally through the investigation of the structural properties,chemical composition and the ferroelectric properties of the films before and after an annealing at moderate temperature(400℃)in an oxygen environment to reduce the V_(o)concentration *** experimental work is supported by density functional theory(DFt)calculations which show that the rhombohedral phase is the most stable one in highly oxygen defective ZrO_(2)*** DFt calculations also show that V_(o)contribute to the ferroelectric *** findings reveal the importance of V_(o)for stabilizing rhombohedral ZrO_(2)thin films with superior ferroelectric properties.

关键词： charged defects ferroelectric polarization rhombohedral phase stability zirconia

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CD200Rhigghh neutrophils with dysfunctional autophagy establish systemic immunosuppression by increasing regulatory t cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 349-361页

作者： Ye Seon Kim Yu Sun Jeong Geon ho Bae Ji Hyeon Kang Mingyu Lee Brian A.Zabel Yoe-Sik Bae Department of Biological Sciences Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea Department of Health Science and technology SAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul06351Republic of Korea Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research Veterans Affairs HospitalPalo AltoCA94304USA

Distinct neutrophil populations arise during certain pathological *** generation of dysfunctional neutrophils during sepsis and their contribution to septicemia-related systemic immune suppression remain *** this study,using an experimental sepsis model that features immunosuppression,we identified a novel population of pathogenic CD200R^(high) neutrophils that are generated during the initial stages of sepsis and contribute to systemic immune suppression by enhancing regulatory t(t_(reg))*** to their CD200R^(low)counterparts,sepsis-generated CD200Rhigh neutrophils exhibit impaired autophagy and dysfunction,with reduced chemotactic migration,superoxide anion production,and tNF-α*** soluble CD200 blocks autophagy and neutrophil maturation in the bone marrow during experimental sepsis,and recombinant CD200 treatment in vitro can induce neutrophil dysfunction similar to that observed in CD200R^(high) *** administration of anα-CD200R antibody effectively reversed neutrophil dysfunction by enhancing autophagy and protecting against a secondary infection challenge,leading to increased *** analysis revealed that CD200R^(high) neutrophils expressed high levels of Igf1,which elicits the generation of treg cells,while the administration of anα-CD200R antibody inhibited treg cell generation in a secondary infection *** together,our findings revealed a novel CD200R^(high) neutrophil population that mediates the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced systemic immunosuppression by generating treg cells.

关键词： Sepsis Neutrophils CD200R Autophagy IGF-1 Regulatory t cells

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Changes in structural plasticity of hippocampal neurons in an animal model of multiple sclerosis

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 398-414页

作者： Poornima D.E.Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage Sohi Kang Joong-Sun Kim Sung-ho Kim hongbing Wang taekyun Shin Changjong Moon Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR ProgramChonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science Institute of Health SciencesCollege of MedicineGyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52727Republic of Korea Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Veterinary Anatomy College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research InstituteJeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea

Structural plasticity is critical for the functional diversity of neurons in the *** autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)is the most commonly used model for multiple sclerosis(MS),successfully mimicking its key pathological features(inflammation,demyelination,axonal loss,and gliosis)and clinical symptoms(motor and non-motordysfunctions).Recentstudieshave demonstrated the importance of synaptic plasticity in EAE *** the present study,we investigated the features of behavioral alteration and hippocampal structural plasticity in EAE-affected mice in the early phase(11 days post-immunization,DPI)and chronic phase(28DPI).EAE-affected mice exhibited hippocampus-related behavioral dysfunction in the open field test during both early and chronic *** complexity was largely affected in the cornu ammonis 1(ca1)and ca3 apical and dentate gyrus(DG)subregions of the hippocampus during the chronic phase,while this effect was only noted in the ca1 apical subregion in the early ***,dendritic spine density was reduced in the hippocampal ca1 and ca3 apical/basal and DG subregions in the early phase of EAE,but only reduced in the DG subregion during the chronic ***,mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines(Il1β,tnfα,and Ifnγ)and glial cell markers(Gfap and Cd68)were significantly increased,whereas the expression of activity-regulated cytoskeletonassociated protein(ARC)was reduced during the chronic ***,exposure to the aforementioned cytokines in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons reduced dendritic complexity and ARC *** cultures of hippocampal neurons also showed significantly reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)phosphorylation upon treatment with proinflammatory ***,these results suggest that autoimmune neuroinflammation alters structural plasticity in the hippocampus,possibly through the ERK-ARC pathway,indicating that this alteration may be associated with hi

关键词： Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein Anxiety-like behavior Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Hippocampal dysfunction Neuroinflammation

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Chemical and mechanical properties of stainless, environment-friendly, and nonflammable Mg alloys (SEN alloys): A review

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 841-872页

作者： Jong Un Lee Hyun Ji Kim Sang-Cheol Jin Ye Jin Kim Young Min Kim Bong Sun You Jun ho Bae Sung Hyuk Park Advanced Metals Division Korea Institute of Materials ScienceChangwon 51508Republic of Korea Department of materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Missile Research Institute Agency for Defense DevelopmentDaejeon 34060Republic of Korea

this review article provides overall understanding of stainless,environment-friendly,and nonflammable Mg alloys(SEN alloys)recently developed at the Korea Institute of materials *** alloys are produced by adding small amounts of ca and Y(eacht%)into commercial Mg–Al based alloys,resulting in exceptional ignition and corrosion resistances and impressive mechanical *** main advantages of SEN alloys are as follows.(1)A dense multi-oxide layer of SEN alloys comprising MgO,caO,and Y_(2)O_(3) impedes the outward dispersion of Mg vapor and the inward penetration of O_(2) during oxidation,thereby enhancing the oxidation and ignition resistances.(2)the presence of ca-and Y-based second-phase particles in SEN alloys can enhance their corrosion resistance because ca-containing particles prevent the spread of corrosion,and the replacement of Al-containing particles with less noble ones containing Y(e.g.,Al–Mn–Y or Al–Y particles)retards corrosion.(3)the addition of minor amounts of ca and Y renders excellent mechanical properties due to improved strengthening *** enhanced properties are attributed to more pronounced dynamic recrystallization and grain refining behaviors caused by the second-phase particles during extrusion.(4)Despite the presence of various types of second-phase particles,the fatigue properties of SEN9 alloys are similar to those of commercial AZ91 alloys.(5)Simultaneous introduction of ca and Y suppresses the formation of Mg17Al12 discontinuous precipitates during aging,leading to the enhanced elongation of aged SEN alloys.(6)Adding mischmetal into the SEN9 alloy leads to a six-fold enhancement in ***,the studies conducted on SEN alloys demonstrate their excellent ignition and corrosion resistances and mechanical properties,which broaden the industrial applications of Mg alloys by addressing their inherent weaknesses.

关键词： SEN magnesium alloy Corrosion resistance Ignition resistance Mechanical properties Extrudability.

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Apolipoprotein A-I binding protein-mediated neuroprotection in glaucomatous neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1414-1415页

作者： Sinwoo Hwang Seunghwan Choi Soo-ho Choi Keun-Young Kim Yury I.Miller Won-Kyu Ju Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute The Viterbi Family Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Medicine University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

Glaucoma is a multifactorial eye disorder that can cause vision loss and irreversible blindness,affecting individ uals aged 40 to 80 yea rs *** to the aging population,it is expected that the number of people affected by glaucoma will surpass 111 million by 2040 as the disease becomes more *** primarily contributes to optic nerve axon loss and the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),subsequently leading to vision impairment.

关键词： irreversible pass primarily

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Posterior gut development in Drosophila:a model system for identifying genes controlling epithelial morphogenesis

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Cell Research 1998年第4期8卷 273-284页

作者： LENGYEL judith A XUE JUN LIU (Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology University of california at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, ca USA, 90095-1606 USA) Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles USA

the posterior gut of the Drosophila embryo, consisting of hindgut and malpighian tubules, provides a simple,well-defined system where it is possible to use a genetic approach to define components essential for epithelial *** review here the advantages of Drosophila as a model genetic organism, the morphogenesis of the epithelial structures of the posterior gut, and what is known about the genetic requirements to form these *** overview, primordia are patterned by expression of hierarchies of transcription factors; this leads to localized expression of cell signaling molecules, and finally, to the least understood step: modulation of cell adhesion and cell shape. We describe approaches to identify additional genes that are required for morphogenesis of these simple epithelia, particularly those that might play a structural role by affecting cell adhesion and cell shape.

关键词： Organogenesis cell rearrangement convergent extension hindgut malpighian tubule

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the evolving roles of Wnt signaling in stem cell proliferation and differentiation, the development of human diseases, and therapeutic opportunities

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 155-187页

作者： Michael Yu Kevin Qin Jiaming Fan Guozhi Zhao Piao Zhao Wei Zeng Connie Chen Annie Wang Yonghui Wang jiamin Zhong Yi Zhu William Wagstaff Rex C.Haydon Hue H.Luu Sherwin ho Michael J.Lee Jason Strelzow Russell R.Reid tong-Chuan He School of Medicine Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth ChicagoIL 60064USA Molecular Oncology Laboratory Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation MedicineThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and Department of Clinical BiochemistryThe School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Orthopedic Surgery The First Affliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200000China Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Laboratory of Craniofacial Suture Biology and Development Department of Surgery Section of Plastic SurgeryThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Neurology The First Dongguan Affiliated HospitalGuangdong Medical UniversityDongguanGuangdong 523475China

the evolutionarily conserved Wnt signaling pathway plays a central role in develop-ment and adult tissue homeostasis across *** proteins are secreted,lipid-modified signaling molecules that activate the canonical(β-catenin dependent)and non-canonical(β-catenin independent)Wnt signaling *** behaviors such as proliferation,differ-entiation,maturation,and proper body-axis specification are carried out by the canonical pathway,which is the best characterized of the known Wnt signaling *** signaling has emerged as an important factor in stem cell biology and is known to affect the self-renewal of stem cells in various *** includes but is not limited to embryonic,hematopoietic,mesenchymal,gut,neural,and epidermal stem *** signaling has also been implicated in tumor cells that exhibit stem cell-like *** signaling is crucial for bone formation and presents a potential target for the development of therapeutics for bone *** surprisingly,aberrant Wnt signaling is also associated with a wide variety of diseases,including *** of Wnt pathway members in cancer can lead to unchecked cell proliferation,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and ***,advances in the understand-ing of dysregulated Wnt signaling in disease have paved the way for the development of novel therapeutics that target components of the Wnt *** with a brief overview of the mechanisms of canonical and non-canonical Wnt,this review aims to summarize the cur-rent knowledge of Wnt signaling in stem cells,aberrations to the Wnt pathway associated with diseases,and novel therapeutics targeting the Wnt pathway in preclinical and clinical studies.

关键词： β-catenin cancer canonical Wnt Disease Non-canonical Wnt Stem cells targeted therapy Wnt signaling

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Differential Inhibition of Nav1.7 and Neuropathic Pain by Hybridoma-Produced and Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies that target Nav1.7

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第1期34卷 22-41页

作者： Sangsu Bang Jiho Yoo Xingrui Gong Di Liu Qingjian Han Xin Luo Wonseok Chang Gang Chen Sang-taek Im Yong ho Kim judith A.Strong ma-Zhong Zhang Jun-Ming Zhang Seok-Yong Lee Ru-Rong Ji Department of Anesthesiology Duke University Medical Center Department of Biochemistry Duke University Medical Center Pain Research Center Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Cincinnati Department of Anesthesiology Shanghai Children's Medical Center Department of Physiology and Biophysics College of Medicine Eulji University Department of Physiology College of Medicine Gachon University

Abstract the voltage-gated Na＋ channel subtype Nav1.7 is important for pain and itch in rodents and humans. We previously showed that a Nav1.7-targeting monoclonal antibody （SVmab） reduces Na＋ currents and pain and itch responses in mice. Here, we investigated whether recom- binant SVmab （rSVmab） binds to and blocks Nav1.7 similar to SVmab. ELISA tests revealed that SVmab was capable of binding to Nav1.7-expressing HEK293 cells, mouse DRG neurons, human nerve tissue, and the voltagesensor domain II of Nav1.7. In contrast, rSVmab showed no or weak binding to Nav1.7 in these tests. Patch-clamp recordings showed that SVmab, but not rSVmab, markedly inhibited Na＋ currents in Nav1.7-expressing HEK293 cells. Notably, electrical field stimulation increased the blocking activity of SVmab and rSVmab in Nav1.7- expressing HEK293 cells. SVmab was more effective than rSVmab in inhibiting paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia. SVmab also bound to human DRG neurons and inhibited their Na＋ currents. Finally, potential reasons for the differential efficacy of SVmab and rSVmab and future directions are discussed.

关键词： Primary afferent neuron Patch clamping (electrophysiology) Sodium channels Animal models

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canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling: Multilayered mediators, signaling mechanisms and major signaling crosstalk

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 103-134页

作者： Kevin Qin Michael Yu Jiaming Fan hongwei Wang Piao Zhao Guozhi Zhaoo Wei Zeng Connie Chen Yonghui Wang Annie Wang Zander Schwartz Jeffrey hong Lily Song William Wagstaff Rex C.Haydon Hue H.Luu Sherwin H.ho Jason Strelzow Russell R.Reid tong-Chuan He Lewis L.Shi Chicago Medical School Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth ChicagoIL 60064USA Molecular Oncology Laboratory Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation MedicineThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and Department of Clinical BiochemistryThe School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Interventional Neurology The First Dongguan Affiliated HospitalGuangdong Medical UniversityDongguanGuangdong 523475China Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200000China School of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235USA Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development Department of Surgery Section of Plastic SurgeryThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA

Wnt signaling plays a major role in regulating cell proliferation and *** Wnt ligands are a family of 19 secreted glycoproteins that mediate their signaling effects via binding to Frizzled receptors and LRP5/6 coreceptors and transducing the signal either throughβ-catenin in the canonical pathway or through a series of other proteins in the nonca-nonical *** of the individual components of both canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling have additional functions throughout the body,establishing the complex interplay between Wnt signaling and other signaling *** crosstalk between Wnt signaling and other pathways gives Wnt signaling a vital role in many cellular and organ ***-regulation of this system has been implicated in many diseases affecting a wide array of organ systems,including cancer and embryological defects,and can even cause embryonic *** complexity of this system and its interacting proteins have made Wnt signaling a target for many therapeutic ***,both stimulatory and inhibitory treatments come with potential risks that need to be *** review synthesized much of the current knowl-edge on the Wnt signaling pathway,beginning with the history of Wnt *** thoroughly described the different variants of Wnt signaling,including canonical,noncanonical Wnt/PCP,and the noncanonical Wnt/ca2+*** description involved each of its components and their involvement in other cellular ***,this review explained the various other pathways and processes that crosstalk with Wnt signaling.

关键词： β-catenin canonical Wnt Noncanonical Wnt Signal transduction Signaling crosstalk

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PM_(2.5) and PM_(10-2.5) chemical composition and source apportionment near a hong Kong roadway

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Particuology 2015年第1期13卷 96-104页

作者： Yan Cheng Shuncheng Lee Zhaolin Gu Kinfai ho Yunwei Zhang Yu Huang judith C.Chow John G.Watson Junji cao Renjian Zhang Department of Environmental Science and technology School of Human Settlements and Civil EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Loess Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth and EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Research Center for Environmental Technology and ManagementThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University School of Public Health and Primary care The Chinese University of Hong Kong Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research Institute Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

twenty-four-hour PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected simultaneously at a highly trafficked road-side site in hong Kong every sixth day from October 2004 to September 2005. the mass concentrations of PM2.5, PMlo-2.5 （defined as PM10 - PM2.5）, organic carbon （OC）, elemental carbon （EC）, water-soluble ions, and up to 25 elements were determined. Investigation of the chemical compositions and potential sources revealed distinct differences between PM2.5 and PM10-2.5. the annual average mass concentrations were 55.5 ＋ 25.5 and 25.9±15.7μg/m^3 for PM2.5 and PM10-2.5, respectively. EC, OM （OM = OC × 1.4）, and ammonium sulfate comprised over -82% of PM2.5, accounting for -29%, -27%, and -25%, respectively, of the PM2.5 mass. Low OC/EC ratios （less than 1） for PM2.5 suggested that fresh diesel-engine exhaust was a major contributor. Seven sources were resolved for PM2.5 by positive matrix factorization （PMF） model, including vehicle emissions （-29%）, secondary inorganic aerosols （-27%）, waste incinera- tor/biomass burning （-23%）, residual oil combustion （-10%）, marine aerosols （-6%）, industrial exhaust （-4%）, and resuspended road dust （-1%）. EC and OM comprised only -19% of PM10-2.5. the average OC/EC ratio of PM10-2.5 was 7.8± 14.2, suggesting that sources other than vehicular exhaust were important contributors. the sources for PM10-2.5 determined by the PMF model included -20% traffic-generated resuspension （e.g., tire dust/brake linear/petrol evaporation）, -17% locally resuspended road dust, -17% marine aerosols, -12% secondary aerosols/field burning, and -11% vehicle emissions.

关键词： PM2.5 PM10-2.5 Roadside Chemical composition Source apportionment hong Kong

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