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Logic, Pragmatics, and Types of Conditionals

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2016年第2期11卷 279-297页

作者： lopez-Astorga Miguel institute of Humanistic: Studies 'juan ignacio Molina ' University of Talca Lircay AvenueTalca Chile

Johnson-Laird and Byrne distinguished ten kinds of conditionals. Their framework was the mental models theory and they attributed different combinations of semantic possibilities to those ten types of conditionals. Based on such combinations, the mental models theory has clear predictions for reasoning tasks, including those kinds of conditionals and involving reasoning schemata such as Modus Ponens, Modus Tollens, the affirming the consequent fallacy, and the denying the antecedent fallacy. My aim in this paper is to show that the prediction,; of the mental logic theory for those reasoning tasks are exactly the same as those of the mental models theory, and that, therefore, such tasks are not useful to decide which of the two theories is correct.

关键词： conditional mental logic mental-models pragmatics reasoning

Posterior quadrant epilepsy surgery: case series of a South American hospital

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Acta Epileptologica 2022年第4期5卷 227-232页

作者： Mario Velasco Andrés Felipe Cárdenas-Cruz María Paula Aguilera-Pena Alejandro Vargas-moreno Daniel Nariño juan Carlos Pérez Oscar Zorro Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cr16#75-32 apt 203BogotaColombia110221 Neuroscience Department Hospital Universitario San IgnacioCr16#75-32 apt 203BogotaColombia110221

Background Posterior quadrant epilepsy(PCE)is a type of focal epilepsy that originates in the parietal lobe,occipital lobe,and the parietal-occipital border of the temporal lobe,or in any combination of these *** has a low incidence,but it can cause a great burden in disability-adjusted life *** this retrospective cohort,patients of all ages with a diagnosis of PCE between 2006 and 2019 were evaluated in a referral center in Bogotá,Colombia.A descriptive analysis of demographic data,clinical history,imaging findings,type of surgery,histopathological diagnosis,outcome,and follow-up was performed using the Engel *** This study included refractory PCE patients of all ages who were evaluated by the epilepsy surgery group of the Hospital Universitario San ignacio from 2006 to ***,imaging and surgical variables were obtained from the medical records and *** Thirteen patients were included in the study,including 8 males and 5 *** mean age of diagnosis was 8.8 years,while the mean age of surgery was 25 *** most frequent clinical finding was intellectual *** most common findings on magnetic resonance imaging were encephalomalacia and *** 61.5%of the patients,the lateralization of video-EEG matched with brain magnetic resonance imaging *** most frequent types of surgery performed were lobectomies,lesionectomies and cortical ***-freedom was achieved in approximately one third of the patients;however,more than half of the patients were free of disabling seizures or had significant improvement after *** PCE surgery is scarcely performed worldwide,therefore the effectiveness and outcomes are quite variable in the reported *** this study,we show that patients with PCE can obtain great benefits in terms of reduction of seizures with a low risk of surgical complications,encouraging the use of this type of procedure in carefully selected patients.

关键词： Posterior cortex Epilepsy surgery Posterior quadrant epilepsy

Wind effects on the migration routes of trans-Saharan soaring raptors： geographical, seasonal, and interspecific variation

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Current Zoology 2016年第2期62卷 89-97页

作者： Javier ViDAL-MATEO Ugo MELLONE Pascual lopez-lopez Javier De LA PUENTE clara GARCiA-RiPOLLES Ana BERMEJO Vicente URiOS Vertebrates Zoology Research Group Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Universityof Alicante Apdo. 99 E-03080 Alicante Spain SEO/BirdLife Area de Estudio y Seguimiento de AyesC/Melquiades Biencinto 34 E-28053 Madridl Spain

Wind is among the most important environmental factors shaping birds＇ migration patterns. Birds must deal with the displacement caused by crosswinds and their behavior can vary according to different factors such as flight mode, migratory season, experience, and distance to goal areas. Here we analyze the relationship between wind and migratory movements of three raptor species which migrate by soaring-gliding flight： Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus, booted eagle Aquila pennata, and short-toed snake eagle Circaetus gallicus. We analyzed daily migratory segments （i.e., the path joining consecutive roosting locations） using data recorded by GPS satellite telemetry. Daily movements of Egyptian vultures and booted eagles were significantly affected by tailwinds during both autumn and spring migrations. in contrast, daily movements of short-toed eagles were only significantly affected by tailwinds during autumn migration. The effect of crosswinds was signifi- cant in all cases. interestingly, Egyptian vultures and booted eagles showed latitudinal differences in their behavior： both species compensated more frequently at the onset of autumn migration and, at the end of the season when reaching their wintering areas, the proportion of drift segments was higher. in contrast, there was a higher drift at the onset of spring migration and a higher compensation at the end. Our results highlight the effect of wind patterns on the migratory routes of soaring raptors, with different outcomes in relation to species, season, and latitude, ultimately shaping the loop migration patterns that current tracking techniques are showing to be widespread in many long distance migrants.

关键词： Neophmn percnopterus Aquila pennata Circaetus gallicus wind drift satellite telemetry migration

Evaluation of activity of triclabendazole against Taenia solium metacestode in naturally infected pigs

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第1期9卷 20-23页

作者： Ana Vargas-Calla Luis A.Gomez-Puerta juan Calcina Omar Gonzales-Viera Cesar Gavidia Maria T.lopez-Urbina Hector H.Garcia Armando E.Gonzalez School of Veterinary Medicine Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Cysticercosis Elimination Program and Center for Global Heath Tumbes Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Department of Microbiology School of SciencesUniversidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

Objective:To assess the efficacy of triclabendazole(TCBZ) in porcine ***:Eighteen naturally infected cysticercotic pigs were divided into 3 groups of 6 individuals *** first group was treated orally with TCBZ at a single dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight,the second group was treated orally with oxfendazole at a single dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight and the third group received a placebo(control group).All animals were kept under the same management *** pigs were euthanized 17 wk post-treatment and the number of surviving cysts in muscles was assessed and compared between ***:All pigs treated with oxfendazole had only degenerated cysts in their *** contrast,TCBZ had very little effect against the parasitic *** from pigs in the TCBZ group looked apparently normal after ***,histological evaluation showed a mild to moderate degree of ***:TCBZ is not an efficacious drug against Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine using a single dose.

关键词： Taenia solium Cysticercosis Triclabendazole Oxfendazole Treatment

Osteoblastoma Mimic Failed Back Surgery

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Surgical Science 2011年第3期2卷 127-129页

作者： juan F. Blanco Susana Gomez-Castro Ruth lopez-Gonzalez juan C. Paniagua 不详

A 44 year-old women with persistent back and irradiate pain after discectomy in L5-S1 lumbar level presented a osteoblastoma in L4-L5 level. The osteoblastoma mimic a failed back surgery. She was successfully treated by removing the tumour with instrumented posteroalateral fusion. This case warns people that a new disease (such as a tumour in this case), irrelevant to the original one, may happen simultaneously even if the original one has been successfully treated and should be differentiated from the previous disease or surgical failure and complications.

关键词： Osteoblastoma Lumber Spine Surgery Back Pain Disc Herniation

Serum levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin are related to cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects

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World Journal of Diabetes 2017年第1期8卷 11-17页

作者： Sergio Sanchez-Enriquez isabel Thalia Ballesteros-Gonzalez JoséRafael Villafán-Bernal Sara Pascoe-Gonzalez Edgar Alfonso Rivera-Leon Blanca Estela Bastidas-Ramirez Jorge David Rivas-Carrillo juan Luis Alcala-Zermeno juan Armendariz-Borunda iris Monserrat Llamas-Covarrubias Abraham Zepeda-moreno Biochemistry Laboratory Molecular Biology and Genomics Department University Center of Health Sciences University of Guadalajara Academic Group UDG-CA-533 Multidisciplinary Study of Chronic and Degenerative Diseases Molecular Biology and Genomics Department University Center of Health Sciences University of Guadalajara Departamento de Jóvenes Investigadores y Cátedras del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) Departamento de Cirugía Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes Physiology Department University Center of Health Sciences University of Guadalajara institute of Degenerative Chronic Diseases Molecular Biology and Genomics Department University Center of Health Sciences University of Guadalajara Molecular Biology and Genomics Department University Center of Health SciencesUniversity of Guadalajara institute of Cancer Research in Child and Adolescent University Center of Health Sciences University of Guadalajara

AiM To determine a potential relationship between serum undercarboxylated(uc OC) concentration and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes(T2D) patients and healthy subjects(HS).METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 subjects classified into two groups, 70 with T2D and 70 HS. Medical history and physical examination with anthropometric measurements were obtained from all subjects. Body fat percentage was determined by bioelectrical impendency analysis. Serum uc OC concentration was determined by enzyme immunoassay,while serum levels of insulin and hsC RP were obtained using high sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. insulin resistance was determined using the homeostasis model assessment-iR. Lipid profile [triglycerides,total cholesterol(TC), high-density lipoproteins(HDL-c),low density lipoproteins(LDL-c), very low-density lipoproteins] was determined by spectrophotometry and standard formulas when applicable. RESULTS The T2D patient group showed significantly higher values of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP),current smoking, and alcohol use when compared to the HS group(P ignificantly lower serum ucO C concentration in T2D than in HS(1.5 ± 1.4vs 2.3 ± 1.8, P in the whole study population,ucO C concentration was inversely correlated with body mass index(BMi)(r =-0.236, P ing plasma glucose(r =-0.283, P itively correlated with LDL-c/HDL-c ratio(r = 0.306, P io(r =0.284, P in the T2D group, serum uc OC concentration was inversely correlated with BMi(r =-0.310, P itively correlated with DBP(r = 0.450,P in HS group a positive correlation between serum levels of uc OC and SBP(r = 0.277, P iON Serum uc OC is a potential marker for cardiovascular risk in Mex

关键词： Bone Osteocalcin Glucose metabolism Diabetes Cardiovascular risk

Study of the Textural Properties of Bovine Bones Char under Different Conditions

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2011年第3期3卷 176-181页

作者： juan C. moreno-Piraján Liliana Giraldo Vanessa S. García-Cuello 不详

Environmental pollution is today a very important issue and the development of low cost materials and different sources need to be investigated. Our research group for several years she has been the development of adsorbent materials for industrial wastewater treatment and rivers. in this research compares the porosity developed by two different treatments using bovine bones to adsorb metal ions. Using bovine bones as raw material, two carbonized samples were obtained under different conditions. One of the carbonized samples was obtained in an oxidizing atmosphere at up to 600℃ for 2 hours. The other was obtained in an inert atmosphere at up to 800℃, during 2 hours. Different textural characteristics were obtained in each of the carbonized samples according to the conditions of synthesis. The carbonized sample obtained in the oxidizing atmosphere, CHUOX, produces a great pore distribution, with a significant mesopore volume, reflected in the hysteresis loop, while in carbonized bone obtained in an inert atmosphere, CHUN, a formation of micropores and mesopores smaller than that obtained in the other carbonized sample is observed. The surface area obtained is 130 m2 g-1 for CHUOX and 170 m2 g-1 for CHUN. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of Ni2+ and Cu2+ ions from solution was measured for these two carbonized samples, and a higher retention of both ions in the carbonized sample obtained in the inert atmosphere was found, with values between 28.57 and 67.56 mg g-1. The immersion enthalpies of carbonized samples in ion solutions are determined with an exothermic effect for the solution-solid interaction.

关键词： Adsorption Heavy Metals Water immersion Calorimetry Bovine Bone

Use of agents stimulating erythropoiesis in digestive diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第37期15卷 4675-4685页

作者： Rosario moreno López Beatriz Sicilia Aladrén Fernando Gomollón García Department of Nephrology San Juan de Dios Hospital Paseo Colón 14 50006 Zaragoza Spain Department of Medicine Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology) Alcaiz Hospital 44600 Alcaiz (Teruel) Spain Department of Gastroenterology Clinical University Hospital "Lozano Blesa" Department of Medicine University of Zaragoza IACS CIBEREHD 50009 Zaragoza Spain

Anemia is the most common complication of inflammatory bowel disease (iBD). Control and inadequate treatment leads to a worse quality of life and increased morbidity and hospitalization. Blood loss, and to a lesser extent, malabsorption of iron are the main causes of iron def iciency in iBD. There is also a variable component of anemia related to chronic inflammation. The anemia of chronic renal failure has been treated for many years with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO), which significantly improves quality of life and survival. Subsequently, rHuEPO has been used progressively in other conditions that occur with anemia of chronic processes such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis or iBD, and anemia associated with the treatment of hepatitis C virus. Erythropoietic agents complete the range of available therapeutic options for treatment of anemia associated with iBD, which begins by treating the basis of the inflammatory disease, along with intravenous iron therapy as f irst choice. in cases of resistance to treatment with iron, combined therapy with erythropoietic agents aims to achieve near-normal levels of hemoglobin/hematocrit (11-12 g/dL). New formulations of intravenous iron (iron carboxymaltose) and the new generation of erythropoietic agents (darbepoetin and continuous erythropoietin receptor activator) will allow better dosing with the same eff icacy and safety.

关键词： Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents Recom-binant human erythropoietin Darbepoetin Continuous erythropoietin receptor activator inflammatory bowel disease Anemia

Clinical and prognostic implications of delirium in elderly patients with non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2019年第2期16卷 121-128页

作者： Miquel Vives-Borras Manuel Martinez-Selles Albert Ariza-Sole Maria T.Vidan Francesc Formiga Hector Bueno juan Sanchis Oriol Alegre Albert Duran-Cambra Ramon lopez-Palop Emad Abu-Assi Alessandro Sionis LONGEVO-SCA investigators Department of Cardiology Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauInstitute of Biomedical Research I1B Sant PauCIBERCVUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain department of Cardiology Hospital General Universitario Gregorio MarahonC1BERCVUniversidad ComplutenseUniversidad EuropeaMadridSpain Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon IiSGMCIBERFESUniversidad ComplutenseMadrid.Spain Hospital Doce de Octubre Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain Hospital Clinico de Valencia INCLIVAUniversidad de ValenciaCIBERCVSpain Hospital Universitario San juan AlicanteSpain Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro VigoSpain 不详

Background Elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes(NSTE-ACS)may present delirium but its clinical relevance is *** study aimed at detennining the clinical associated factors,and prognostic implications of delirium in old-aged patients admitted for *** LONGEVO-SCA is a prospective multicenter registry including unselected patients with NSTE-ACS aged>80 *** variables and a complete geriatric evaluation were assessed during *** association between delirium and 6-month mortality was assessed by a Cox regression model weighted for a propensity score including the potential confounding *** also analysed its association with 6-month bleeding and cognitive or functional *** Among 527 patients included,thirty-seven(7%)patients presented delirium during the *** was more frequent in patients with dementia or depression and in those from nursing homes(27.0%vs.3.1%,24.3%vs.11.6%,and 11.1%V5.2.2%,respectively;all Pirium was significantly associated with in-hospital infections(27.0%vs.5.3%,Piuretics(70.3%vs.49.8%,P=0.02).Patients with delirium had longer hospitalizations[median 8.5(5.5-14)vs.6.0(4.0-10)days,P=0.02]and higher incidence of 6-month bleeding and mortality(32.3%vs.10.0%and 24.3%vs.10.8%,respectively;both Pimilar cognitive or functional *** was independently associated with 6-month mortality(HR=1.47,95%Ci:1.02-2.13,P=0.04)and 6-month bleeding events(OR=2.87;95%Ci:1.98-4」6,Pions in-hospital delirium in elderly patients with NSTE-ACS is associated with some preventable risk factors and it is an independent predictor of 6-month mortality.

关键词： Acute coronary syndromes Delirium Prognosis The elderly