Wind effects on the migration routes of trans-Saharan soaring raptors： geographical, seasonal, and interspecific variation
Wind effects on the migration routes of trans-Saharan soaring raptors： geographical, seasonal, and interspecific variation作者机构：Vertebrates Zoology Research Group Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Universityof Alicante Apdo. 99 E-03080 Alicante Spain SEO/BirdLife Area de Estudio y Seguimiento de AyesC/Melquiades Biencinto 34 E-28053 Madridl Spain
出 版 物：《Current Zoology》 (动物学报（英文版）)
年 卷 期：2016年第62卷第2期
页 面：89-97页
核心收录：
学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 07[理学] 09[农学] 0902[农学-园艺学] 071002[理学-动物学] 090202[农学-蔬菜学]
基 金：The “Servicio de Biodiversidad” (Generalitat Valenciana) funded part of this project. Tracking of booted eagle has been made within the “Migra” project SEO/BirdLife and financed by Iberdrola Foundation funded by Gallipoli Cognato Piccole Dolomiti Lucane Regional Park supported by a “Juan de la Cierva” postdoctoral grant of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness
主 题：Neophmn percnopterus Aquila pennata Circaetus gallicus wind drift satellite telemetry migration
摘 要：Wind is among the most important environmental factors shaping birds＇ migration patterns. Birds must deal with the displacement caused by crosswinds and their behavior can vary according to different factors such as flight mode, migratory season, experience, and distance to goal areas. Here we analyze the relationship between wind and migratory movements of three raptor species which migrate by soaring-gliding flight： Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus, booted eagle Aquila pennata, and short-toed snake eagle Circaetus gallicus. We analyzed daily migratory segments （i.e., the path joining consecutive roosting locations） using data recorded by GPS satellite telemetry. Daily movements of Egyptian vultures and booted eagles were significantly affected by tailwinds during both autumn and spring migrations. In contrast, daily movements of short-toed eagles were only significantly affected by tailwinds during autumn migration. The effect of crosswinds was signifi- cant in all cases. Interestingly, Egyptian vultures and booted eagles showed latitudinal differences in their behavior： both species compensated more frequently at the onset of autumn migration and, at the end of the season when reaching their wintering areas, the proportion of drift segments was higher. In contrast, there was a higher drift at the onset of spring migration and a higher compensation at the end. Our results highlight the effect of wind patterns on the migratory routes of soaring raptors, with different outcomes in relation to species, season, and latitude, ultimately shaping the loop migration patterns that current tracking techniques are showing to be widespread in many long distance migrants.
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