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Malaria stratification in a malarious area,a field exercise

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第10期3卷 807-811页

作者： Vatandoost Hassan Akbarzadeh Kamran Hanafi- Bojd Ahniad ali Mashayekhi Minoo Saffari Mohammad Malik Elfatih M Kenyi Luka Abakar John Baptist Busaq alikhan Esmailpour Mohammad Hassen Abuelgasim Oshaghi Mohamad ali Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control School of Public Health & National Institute of Health ResearchTehran University of Medical Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences PHC and Preventive Medicine Ministry of Health Baghlan province Urmieh University of Medical Sciences Northern State Ministry of Health Malaria Control Programme

Objective:To conducted a spatial analysis for stratification of priority malaria control areas in Kahnuj County,as part of field exercise.Methods:Information of Health Centers of Kahnuj County has been used for stratification retrospectively.A knowledge,attitudes and practices(KAP) study was arranged to provide preliminary information about the knowledge,attitude and practice related to malaria in the area.Results:Numbers of malaria cases has been decreased in year 2008.There were five important vectors of malaria in this region including:Anopheles stephensi (An.stephensi),Anopheles dthali(An.dthali).Anopheles superpictus(An.superpictus),Anophels culicifacies(An.culicifacies),and Anopheles Jluviatilis(An.Jluviatilis),but majority of malaria cases in this county was related to Plasmodium vivax(P.vivax).Educational levels of community were 38% ,20% ,10% and 32% for illiterate,primary,secondary and university levels,respectively. KAP study revealed that about 37% of people have got malaria at least once and only 27% of people knew that mosquito is the vector of malaria.Conclusions:Malaria in Kahnuj represents a real threat.Transmission occurs in city center.An.stephensi can be suspected for the first peak of malaria cases in late spring in Kahnuj city.An.jluviatilis has a relatively high density in autumn while two malaria cases due to P.falciparum were reported in 2008.Based on KAP study,the knowledge of respondents seems good but the attitude and practice is low.According to the data such as API,main malaria vector,transmission rate,and foreign migrants,the Kahnuj County has been spatially divided into three strata based on various characteristics.The authorities should implement all the interventions based on stratification.

关键词： Malaria Kahnuj Stratification Iran

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Modelling the probability of presence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Iran until 2070

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第1期16卷 16-25页

作者： Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat Faramarz Bozorg Omid Mohammad Karimi Sajjad Haghi Ahmad ali hanafi-bojd Department of Vector Biology&Control School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of GIS Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics EngineeringK.N.Toosi University of TechnologyTehranIran Zoonoses Research Center Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran

Objective:To determine the suitable ecological habitats of Aedes(Ae.)aegypti and Ae.albopictus in Iran due to climate change by the 2070s.Methods:All data relating to the spatial distribution of Ae.aegypti and Ae.albopictus worldwide,which indicated the geographical coordinates of the collection sites of these mosquitoes,were extracted from online scientific websites and entered into an Excel file.The effect of climatic and environmental variables on these mosquitoes was evaluated using the MaxEnt model in the current and future climatic conditions in the 2030s,2050s,and 2070s.Results:The most suitable areas for the establishment of Ae.aegypti are located in the southern and northern coastal areas of Iran,based on the model outputs.The modelling result for suitable ecological niches of Ae.albopictus shows that in the current climatic conditions,the southern half of Iran from east to west,and parts of the northern coasts are prone to the presence of this species.In the future,some regions,such as Gilan and Golestan provinces,will have more potential to exist/establish Ae.albopictus.Also,according to the different climate change scenarios,suitable habitats for this species will gradually change to the northwest and west of the country.The temperature of the wettest season of the year(Bio8)and average annual temperature(Bio1)were the most effective factors in predicting the model for Ae.aegypti and Ae.albopictus,respectively.Conclusions:It is required to focus on entomological studies using different collection methods in the vulnerable areas of Iran.The future modelling results can also be used for long-term planning to prevent the entry and establishment of these invasive Aedes vectors in the country.

关键词： Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus Dengue fever Chikungunya Ecological Niche Modeling Climate change

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Situation analysis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area,south of Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第1期10卷 88-93页

作者： Mansour Nazari Saman Nazari Ahmad ali hanafi-bojd ali Najafi Sasan Nazari Department of Medical Entomology School of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran Medical student Students Research CenterHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Master of Medical Entomology Health Center of Kazerun cityIran

Objective: To update current situation of the cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL) in Kazerun County,southwest of Iran and to analyze the epidemiological aspects of the disease during 2005-2015,Methods: Data on CL were obtained from the Health Center of Kazerun County,and then were analyzed and mapped using SPSS and Arc GIS 10.3,Results: A total of 700 cases of CL were recorded during the study period with an overall decreasing trend from 2005 to 2015,More than 60% of the patients were inhabitants of rural areas and males were infected more than females,Although there was not a significant difference between gender,job categories,residence and CL infection(P>0.05),age groups were significantly different(P0.05),Most of the acute lesions were found to be present on the hand,leg and face,respectively,The average CL incidence in the study area was calculated as 24.9/100 000 population,A hot spot for the disease was found in southern part of the area(P<0.05),Conclusions: This study revealed that CL is present in Kazerun country,Thus,effective monitoring and sustained suveillance system is crucial in counteracting the disease,and if possible,to eliminate it.

关键词： Cutaneous leishmaniasis Epidemiological study Southern Iran

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Spatio-temporal distribution of malaria vectors(Diptera:Culicidae) across different climatic zones of Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第6期4卷 498-504页

作者： Ahmad ali hanafi-bojd Shahyad Azari-Hamidian Hassan Vatandoost Zabihollah Charrahy Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran School of Health Guilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran Department of Education Jehad-e-Daneshgahi of Tehran UniversityTehranIran

Malaria is a main vector-borne public health problem in Iran.The last studies on Iranian mosquitoes show 31 Anopheles species including different sibling species and genotypes,eight of them are reported to play role in malaria transmission.The objective of this study is to provide a reference for malaria vectors of Iran and to map their spatial and temporal distribution in different climatic zones.Shape files of administrative boundaries and climates of Iran were provided by National Cartographic Center.Data on distribution and seasonal activity of malaria vectors were obtained from different sources and a databank in district level was created in Excel 2003, inserted to the shape files and analyzed by ArcGIS 9.2 to provide the maps.Anopheles culicifacies Giles s.l.,Anopheles dthali Patton,Anopheles fluviatilis James s.L,Anopheles maculipennis Meigen s.L,Anopheles sacharovi Favre,Anopheles stephensi IJston,and Anopheles superpictus Grassi have been introduced as primary and secondary malaria vectors and Anopheles puicherrimus Theobald as a suspected vector in Iran.Temporal distribution of anopheline mosquitoes is restricted to April_December in northern Iran,however mosquitoes can be found during the year in southern region.Spatial distribution of malaria vectors is different based on species,thus six of them(except for Anopheles maculipennis s.***.and Anopheles sacharovi) are reported from endemic malarious area in southern and southeastern areas of Iran.The climate of this part is usually warm and humid,which makes it favorable for mosquito rearing and malaria transmission.Correlation between climate conditions and vector distribution can help to predict the potential range of activity for each species and preparedness for malaria epidemics.

关键词： Anopheles Malaria Distribution GIS Iran

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Bio-ecology of malaria vectors in an endemic area,Southeast of Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第1期9卷 29-35页

作者： Masoud Yeryan Hamid Rreza Basseri Ahamd ali hanafi-bojd Ahmad Raeisi Hamideh Edalat Reza Safari Minab District Health Center Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences National Malaria Elimination Program Manager CDCMOH & ME Deputy of Health Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences

Objective:To determine some bio-ecological aspects of malaria vectors in Jask County,where is targeted for malaria elimination in the national program.Methods:Mosquitoes were collected monthly during 2013-2014 using different collection methods.Subsequently,ELISA test was used to detect the human blood index of mosquitoes.The susceptibility status of Anopheles stephensi was evaluated against the diagnostic dosages of seven WHO recommended insecticides.Results:A total of 3 650 female and 4 736 Anopheles larvae were collected including Anopheles stephensi,Anopheles culicifacies s.l.,Anopheles dthali.Anopheles fluviatilis s.l.,Anopheles moghulensis and Anopheles turkhodi species.Anopheles stephensi was the dominant collected species on human baits and indoors with high rate of unfed and gravid specimens in internal and external window traps.Human blood index was calculated as 14.3%for this species.It was also found to be resistant to DDT and Dieldrin.Conclusions:The collected species had a wide range of habitats,and resting behaviors.With regarding to the presence of most important malaria vectors in Jask.control of the disease may be so complicated;as based on the weather condition it can be transmitted during the whole year,except for cold months.With this strong potential of transmission,existing population movements in the area may lead to imported cases of malaria and local outbreak(s).So,more specific studies on malaria vectors in high risk areas of Jask County are recommended.

关键词： Malaria Ecology Anopheles stephensi Insecticide resistance Southern Iran

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Spatial distribution and infection rate of leishmaniasis vectors(Diptera: Psychodidae) in Ardabil Province, Northwest of Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2019年第5期9卷 181-187页

作者： Eslam Moradi-Asl Yavar Rassi Ahmad ali hanafi-bojd Abedin Saghafipour Department of Public Health School of Public Health Ardabil University of Medical Science Vectors Research Center Ardabil University of Medical Science Department of Medical Entomology Faculty of Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Public health Faculty of Health Qom University of Medical Sciences

Objective: To determine the spatial distribution and infection rate of sand flies as vectors of Leishmania parasite in Ardabil province, northwest of Iran.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sand flies were collected from 30 areas in all 10 districts of Ardabil province during 2017. The specimens were caught using the sticky traps. The head and genitalia of sand flies were separated and mounted in Berlese solution for microscopic identification. The Geographical Information System ArcMap10.4.1 software was used to provide the spatial maps. Results: A total of 2 794 sand flies specimens were collected and 22 species of sand flies were identified from the two genera: Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia from Ardabil province. The highest frequency was found in Phlebotomus papatasi(23.7%) followed by Phlebotomus kandelakii(13.0%). The promastigote form of Leishmania infantum parasite has been reported from the three main vectors of visceral leishmaniasis(Phlebotomus kandelakii, Phlebotomus perfiliewi and Phlebotomus tobbi) from Ardabil province, where the spatial distribution map of these visceral leishmaniasis vectors was prepared. Some important species of sand flies such as Phlebotomus kandelakii, Phlebotomus perfiliewi and Phlebotomus tobbi were reported and identified as main and probable vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Ardabil. Conclusions: According to the Geographic Information System based maps, the frequency of the sand flies as leishmaniasis vectors, the leishmania parasite infection rate and the prevalence of the disease in the central areas of Ardabil province are higher than in other areas in Ardabil province.

关键词： Leishmaniasis Psychodidae Iran

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Effect of climate change on spatial distribution of scorpions of significant public health importance in Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020年第11期13卷 503-514页

作者： Javad Rafinejad Mehran Shahi Shahrokh Navidpour Elham Jahanifard Ahmad ali hanafi-bojd Department of Medical Entomology&Vector Control School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of Medical Entomology&Vector Control School of Public HealthHormozgan University of Medical SciencesBandar AbbasIran Infectious&Tropical Diseases Research Center Hormozgan Health InstituteHormozgan University of Medical SciencesBandar AbbasIran Razi Reference Laboratory of Scorpion Research Razi Vaccine and Serum Research InstituteAgricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO)KarajIran Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control School of Public HealthAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran

Objective:To establish a spatial geo-database for scorpions in Iran,and to identify the suitable ecological niches for the most dangerous scorpion species under different climate change scenarios.Methods:The spatial distribution of six poisonous scorpion species of Iran were modeled:Hemiscorpius lepturus,Androctonus crassicauda,Mesobuthus eupeus,Hottentotta saulcyi,Hottentotta zagrosensis,and Odontobuthus(O.)doriae,under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios.The Max Ent ecological niche model was used to predict climate suitability for these scorpion species in the 2030 s and 2050 s,and the data were compared with environmental suitability under the current bioclimatic data.Results:A total of 73 species and subspecies of scorpions belonging to 19 genera in Iran were recorded.Khuzestan Province has the highest species diversity with 34 species and subspecies.The most poisonous scorpion species of Iran are scattered in the semi-arid climates,at an altitudinal range between 11 m and 2954 m above sea level.It is projected that O.doriae,Androctonus crassicauda and Mesobuthus eupeus species would be widely distributed in most parts of the country,whereas the most suitable ecological niches for the other species would be limited to the west and/or southwestern part of Iran.Conclusions:Although the environmental suitability for all the species would change under the two climate change scenarios,the change would be more significant for O.doriae under RCP8.5 in the 2050 s.These findings can be used as basis for future studies in the areas with the highest environmental suitability for the most dangerous scorpion species to fill the gaps in the ecology of scorpion species in these areas.

关键词： Scorpion Niche modeling Climate change Iran

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Fauna and some biological characteristics of Anopheles mosquitoes(Diptera:Culicidae) in Kalaleh County,Golestan Province,northeast of Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第9期6卷 730-734页

作者： Aioub Sofizadeh Hamideh Edalat Mohammad Reza Abai Ahmad ali hanafi-bojd Infectious Diseases Research Center Golestan University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences

Objective:To determine fauna and some ecological aspects of Anopheles mosquitoes in northeast of Iran.Methods:In this descriptive study,3 villages in Kalaleh County were selected in different geographical zones.Anopheles mosquitoes were collected biweekly from May to October using standard dipping method for larvae,and hand catch,total catch,artificial pit shelter as well as night-biting collections on human and animal baits for adults.Results:Totally 399 larvae and 2 602 adults of Anopheles mosquitoes were collected and identified as 2 species:Anopheles superpictus s.l.(An.superpictus s.l.) and Anopheles maculipennis s.l.The dominant species was An.superpictus s.l.(92.1%).Activity of these mosquitoes found to be started from middle of May and extended till September with two peaks of activity in July and August.Conclusions:An.superpictus s.***.as one of the main malaria vectors in Iran as well as some other parts of the world is the dominant species in the study area.This species has high potential for transmission and possibility of establishing a transmission cycle with low abundance.Other species,Anopheles maculipennis s.***.also has introduced as a malaria vector in northern parts of Iran.As this Anopheles is a complex species,genetic studies are recommended to determine the members of this complex in the study area.

关键词： Anopheles superpictus s.l. Anopheles maculipennis s.l. Ecology Larval habitat Iran

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Molecular characterization,biological forms and sporozoite rate of Anopheles stephensi in southern Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第1期4卷 47-51页

作者： ali Reza Chavshin Mohammad ali Oshaghi Hasan Vatandoost Ahmad ali hanafi-bojd Ahmad Raeisi Fatemeh Nikpoor Social Determinants of Health Research Center Urmia University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control School of Public HealthUrmia University of Medical Sciences(UMSU) Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences(TUMS)

Objective:To identify the biological forms,sporozoite rate and molecular characterization of the Anopheles stephensi(An.stephensi)in Hormozgan and Sistan-Baluchistan provinces,the most important malarious areas in Iran.Methods:Wild live An.stephensi samples were collected from different malarious areas in southern Iran.The biological forms were identified based on number of egg-ridges.Molecular characterization of biological forms was verified by analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and II(mtDNA-COI/COII).The Plasmodium infection was examined in the wild female specimens by species-specific nested-PCR method.Results:Results showed that all three biological forms including mysorensis,intermediate and type are present in the study areas.Molecular investigations revealed no genetic variation between mtDNA COI/COII sequences of the biological forms and no Plasmodium parasites was detected in the collected mosquito samples.Conclusions:Presence of three biological forms with identical sequences showed that the known biological forms belong to a single taxon and the various vectorial capacities reported for these forms are more likely corresponded to other epidemiological factors than to the morphotype of the populations.Lack of malaria parasite infection in An,stephensi,the most important vector of malaria,may be partly due to the success and achievement of ongoing active malaria control program in the region.

关键词： Anopheles stephensi Mysorensis Type Intermediate mtDNA markers Molecular systematic Iran

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Environmental characteristics of anopheline mosquito larval habitats in a malaria endemic area in Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第7期6卷 510-515页

作者： Moussa Soleimani-Ahmadi Hassan Vatandoost Ahmad-ali hanafi-bojd Mehdi Zare Reza Safari Abdolrasul Mojahedi Fatemeh Poorahmad-Garbandi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control.School of Public Health Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences.Bandar Abbas.Iran Infectious Diseases Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences.Bandar AbbasIran Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control School of Public Health & National Institute of Health ResearchTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of Occupational Health Engineering School of Public HealthHormozgan University of Medical SciencesBandar AbbasIran Hormozgan Health Center Hormozgan University of Medical SciencesBandar AbbasIran

Objective:To determine the effects of environmental parameters of lanal habitats on distribution and abundance of anopheline mosquitoes in Rudan county of Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted during the mosquito breeding season from February 2010 to October 2011. The anopheline larvae were collected using the standard dipping method,the specimens were identified using a morphological-based key.Simultaneously with larvay collection,environmental parameters of the larval habitats including water current and turbidity,sunlight situation,and substrate type of habitats were recorded.Water samples were taken from breeding sites during lanal collection.Before collection of samples,the water temperature was measured.The water samples were analysed for turbidity,conductivity,total alkalinity,total dissolved solid.pH and ions including chloride,sulphate,calcium,and magnesium.Statistical correlation analysis and ANOVA test were used to analyze the association between environmental parameters and larval mosquito abundance.Results:In total 2 973 lanae of the genus Anopheles were collected from 25 larval habitats and identified using morphological characters.They comprised of six species: An.dthali(53.21%),An.stephensi(24.22%),An.culicifacies(14.06%),An.superpictus(4.07%),An. turkhudi(3.30%),and An.apoci(1.14%).The most abundant species was An.dthali which were collected from all of the study areas.Larvae of two malaria vectors.An.dthali and An.stephensi, co-existed and collected in a wide range of habitats with different physico-chemical parameters. The most common larval habitats were man-made sites such as sand mining pools with clean and still water.The anopheline mosquitoes also preferred permanent habitats in sunlight with sandy substrates.The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between mean physicochemical parameters such as water temperature,conductivity,total alkalinity,sulphate,chloride, and mosquito distribution and abundance.Conclusions:The results of this study showed a cor

关键词： Anopheles Larval habitats Malaria Rudan Iran

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