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Suicidal behavior-advances in clinical and neurobiological research and improvement of prevention strategies

World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第9期12卷 1115-1126页

作者： Thomas Sobanski Gregor Peikert Ulrich W Kastner gerd Wagner Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapyand Psychosomatic MedicineTHUERINGEN-Kliniken GmbHSaalfeld 07318Germany Network for Suicide Prevention in Thuringia(NeST) Jena 07743Germany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital JenaJena 07743Germany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Helios Fachkliniken HildburghausenHildburghausen 98646Germany

Suicide is the 14^(th)leading cause of death *** is responsible for 1%-5%of all *** article highlights the latest developments in universal,selective,and indicated prevention *** universal suicide prevention,current research has shown that strategies such as restricting access to lethal means(e.g.,control of analgesics and hot-spots for suicide by jumping)and school-based awareness programs are most *** selective prevention,substantial progress can be expected in psychological screening methods for suicidal *** measurement of implicit cognition proved to be more valid in predicting future suicide attempts than classic clinical *** developments are smartphone-based interventions and realtime monitoring of suicidal *** effort has been made to establish valid neurobiological screening methods(e.g.,genetic and epigenetic risk factors for suicide,hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis)without yielding a major ***,multiple biomarkers rather than a single one are necessary to identify individuals at *** regard to indicated prevention in form of psychopharmacological treatment,recent pharmacoepidemiological studies and meta-analyses have supported a protective role of antidepressants,lithium,and ***,the data concerning a specific anti-suicidal effect of these drugs are currently not *** results exist for ketamine in reducing suicidal ideation,independently of its antidepressant *** psychotherapy,recent findings suggest that psychotherapeutic interventions specifically designed to prevent suicide re-attempts are most ***,cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic therapy approaches proved to decrease the number of suicide re-attempts significantly.

关键词： Antidepressants Biomarkers Cognitive behavioral therapy Ketamine Prevention Suicide

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Alkaline phosphatase predicts relapse in chronic hepatitis C patients with end-of-treatment response

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第19期16卷 2407-2410页

作者： gerd Bodlaj Rainer Hubmann Karim Saleh Tatjana Stojakovic Georg Biesenbach Jrg Berg Second Department of Medicine General Hospital Linz A-4020 Linz Austria Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics Medical University of Graz A-8010 Graz Austria Institute of Laboratory Medicine General Hospital Linz A-4020 Linz Austria

AIM: To investigate relapse predictors in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with end-of-treatment response (ETR), after pegylated interferon-α (PegIFN-α) and ribavirin treatment. METHODS: In a retrospective study we evaluated a spectrum of predictors of relapse after PegIFN-α and ribavirin treatment in 86 CHC patients with ETR. Viral loads were determined with real-time reverse transcrip-tion polymerase chain reaction. Hepatitis C virus geno-typing was performed by sequencing analysis. Patients with genotype 1 were treated for 48 wk with 180 μg PegIFN-α2a or 1.5 μg/kg PegIFN-α2b once weekly plus ribavirin at a dosage of 1000 mg/d for those under 75 kg or 1200 mg/d for those over 75 kg. Patients with geno- types 2 and 3 were treated for 24 wk with 180 μgPegIFN-α2a or 1.5 μg/kg PegIFN-α2b once weekly plus ribavirin at a dosage of 800 mg/d. RESULTS: In all ETR patients, binary logistic regression analysis identif ied absence of complete early virological response (cEVR) (OR 27.07, 95% CI: 3.09-237.26, P 26 kg/m2 (OR: 8.27, 95% CI: 2.22-30.84, P < 0.005) as independent predictors of relapse. When cEVR patients were analyzed exclusively, ALP prior to therapy < 75 U/L remained the only predictor of relapse. CONCLUSION: Lower levels of ALP prior to, during and after therapy seem to be associated with a higher risk of relapse in CHC patients with ETR.

关键词： Alkaline phosphatase Chronic hepatitis C Pegylated interferon Predictor Relapse

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Autoantibodies against G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Modulate Heart Mast Cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2007年第2期4卷 127-133页

作者： Ludmila Okruhlicova Rosemarie Morwinski Wolfgang Schulze Sabine Bartel Peter Weismann Narcisa Tribulova gerd Wallukat Institute for Heart Research Slovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 PO Box 45 840 05 Bratislava 45 Slovak Republic Max-Delbruck-Center for Molecular Medicine Robert Rssle Str. 10 D-13125 Berlin Germany Max-Delbruck-Center for Molecular Medicine Robert Rssle Str. 10 D-13125 Berlin Germany Medical Faculty Comenius University Institute of Anatomy Sasinkova 2 813 72 Bratislava Slovak Republic Institute for Heart Research Slovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 PO Box 45 840 05 Bratislava 45 Slovak Republic

Mast cells are believed to be involved in myocardial tissue remodelling under pathophysiological conditions. We examined the effects of autoantibodies against G-protein-coupled receptors in sera of patients with heart diseases on myocardial mast cells in the cultured neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat heart cells. Cells collected at day 3 and 10 of the culture were preincubated with autoantibodies against α-adrenoceptor and angiotensin Ⅱ ATl-receptor, agonist phenylephrine and angiotensin Ⅱ, and control IgG. The pretreated cultured cells were stained for selected mast cell markers tryptase, chymase and TNF-α The cultured cells were also processed for observation with electron microscopy. The autoantibodies-treatment of the 3-day cultured cells caused both increased intensity of immunofluorescence （p 〈 0.05） and their enlarged diameters of the mast cells when compared to age-matched ones. In contrast, the fluorescence of preincubated 10-day-old mast cells was decreased compared with controls （p 〈 0.01）. In control samples, the fluorescence of 10-day-old mast cells was significantly higher than that of 3-day-old ones （p 〈 0.001）. Results of electron microscopy examination demonstrated there was an increased granulation of treated 3-day-old mast cells, while a degranulation of mast cells at day 10 of application. The results suggest the modulation effect of the autoantibodies against G-protein-coupled receptors on mast cells, indicating a potential functional link between the autoantibodies against G-protein-coupled receptors and the mast cells in progression of heart disease.

关键词： mast cell autoantibody rat heart cell culture immunofluorescence

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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for non-malignant gastrointestinal diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第46期20卷 17368-17375页

作者： Abdulbaqi Al-toma Petula Nijeboer gerd Bouma Otto Visser Chris JJ Mulder Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology 3430 EM NieuwegeinThe Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology VU University Medical Centre1005 MB AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Hematology VU University Medical Centre1005 MB AmsterdamThe Netherlands

Both, autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be used to cure or ameliorate a variety of malignant and non-malignant diseases. The rationale behind this strategy is based on the concept of immunoablation using high-dose chemotherapy, with subsequent regeneration of naive T-lymphocytes derived from reinfused hematopoietic progenitor cells. In addition, the use of HSCT allows for the administration of high-dose chemotherapy (whether or not combined with immunomodulating agents such as antithymocyte globulin) resulting in a prompt remission in therapy-refractory patients. This review gives an update of the major areas of successful uses of HSCT in non-malignant gastrointestinal disorders. A Medline search has been conducted and all relevant published data were analyzed. HSCT has been proved successful in treating refractory Crohn’s disease (CD). Patients with refractory celiac disease type II and a high risk of developing enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma have shown promising improvement. Data concerning HSCT and mesenchymal SCT in end-stage chronic liver diseases are encouraging. In refractory autoimmune gastrointestinal diseases high-dose chemotherapy followed by HSCT seems feasible and safe and might result in long-term improvement of disease activity. Mesenchymal SCT for a selected group of CD is promising and may represent a significant therapeutic alternative in treating fistulas in CD.

关键词： Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Mesenchymal stem cells Non-malignant gastrointestinal diseases Celiac disease Refractory celiac disease Lymphoma Crohn’ s Ulcerative colitis Cirrhosis

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MRI versus 64-row MDCT for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第48期15卷 6044-6051页

作者： Michael Bernhard Pitton Roman Kloeckner Sascha Herber gerd Otto Karl Friedrich Kreitner Christoph Dueber Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Johannes Gutenberg-University Department of Transplantation and Hepatobili-opancreatic Surgery University of Mainz

AIM： To compare the diagnostic capability of multidetector computed tomography （MDCT） and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） tumour nodules and their effect on patient management. METHODS： A total of 28 patients （25 male, 3 female, mean age 67 ± 10.8 years） with biopsy-proven HCC were investigated with 64-row MDCT （slice 3 mm native, arterial and portal-venous phase, 120 mL Iomeprol, 4 mL/s, delay by bolus trigger） and MRI （Tlfs fl2d TE/ TR 2.72/129 ms, T2tse TE/TR 102/4000 ms, 5-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced Tlfs fl3d TE/TR 1.56/4.6, Gadolinium-DTPA, slice 4 mm）. Consensus reading of both modalities was used as reference. Tumour nodules were analyzed with respect to number, size, and location. RESULTS： In total, 162 tumour nodules were detected by consensus reading. MRI detected significantly more tumour nodules （159 vs 123, P 〈 0.001） compared to MDCT, with the best sensitivity for early arterial phase MRI. False-negative CT findings included nodules ≤ 5 mm （n = 5）, ≤ 10 mm （n = 17）, ≤ 15 mm （n= 12）,≤20mm（n=4）,andlnodule〉*** missed 2 nodules ≤ 10 mm and 1 nodule ≤ 15 mm. On MRI, nodule diameters were greater than on CT （29.2 ≤25.1 mm, range 5-140 mm vs 24.1 ± 22.7 mm, range 4-129 mm, P 〈 0.005）. In 2 patients, MDCT showed only unilobar tumour spread, whereas MRI revealed additional nodules in the contralateral lobe. Detection of these nodules could have changed the therapeutic strategy. CONCLUSION： Contrast-enhanced MRI is superior to 64-row MDCT for the detection of HCC nodules. Patients should be allocated to interventional or operative treatment according to a dedicated MRI-protocol.

关键词： American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases European Association for the Study of the Liver Hepatocellular carcinoma Multidetector computed tomography Magnetic resonance imaging

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Aquaporin-8 expression is reduced in ileum and induced in colon of patients with ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第11期13卷 1687-1695页

作者： Alexandra Zahn Christoph Moehle Thomas Langmann Robert Ehehalt Frank Autschbach Wolfgang Stremmel gerd Schmitz Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg 69120 Germany Institute of Clinical Chemistry University of Regensburg Regensburg 93042 Germany Institute of Pathology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg 69120 Germany

AIM： To study susceptibility genes which may play a potential role in the pathogenesis and etiology of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）. METHODS： To identify potential susceptibility genes we performed global gene expression profiling in patients with IBD and control specimens. For determination of an intrinsic gene expression profile in ulcerative colitis （UC） and Crohn＇s disease （CD） compared to normal subjects, mucosal biopsies of non-inflamed regions of the colon and the terminal ileum were subjected to DNA microarray analysis. Real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used for verification of selected regulated candidate genes and a genetic analysis was performed. RESULTS： We could show that aquaporin-8 （AQP8） mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased in the colon of UC patients compared to controls. Genetic analysis of the six exons and the promoter region of AQPS, however, revealed no mutations or polymorphisms in IBD patients. CONCLUSION： Our results suggest that upregulation of AQP8 in the colon of UC patients represents a secondary phenomenon which may, due to altered water exchange of the distal intestinal mucosa, disturb the physiologic colonic mucus barrier and thus lead to chronic inflao mmation and ulceration.

关键词： Aquaporin-8 Colonic mucus barrier DNA microarrays Expression profiling Ulcerative colitis

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Facile synthesis of ( β -chlorodifluoroethyl)phosphonates via chlorination reaction of difluoroalkyl diazo derivatives with HCl

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第5期33卷 2429-2432页

作者： Jiang Liu Romana Pajkert Li Wang Haibo Mei gerd-Volker Röschenthaler Jianlin Han Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsCollege of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen gGmbHCampus Ring 1Bremen 28759Germany

An efficient chlorination reaction of in situ generated(β-diazo-α,α-difluoroethyl)phosphonates has been achieved with hydrochloric acid as a chlorine source under mild and operationally convenient *** reaction does not need any catalyst and tolerates a wide scope of substrates,which affords the(β-chlorodifluoroethyl)phosphonate products in good to excellent *** reaction represents the first example of the halogenation of difluoroalkyl diazo compounds,and also provides an easy way for the synthesis of difluoromethylenephosphonate-containing compounds.

关键词： Difluorodiazoethane (β-Diazo-α,α-difluoroethyl)phosphonates Halogenation reaction Difluoroalkyl diazo Hydrochloric acid Masked carbene

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Laboratory evaluation of higher-order aberrations and light scattering in explanted opacified intraocular lenses

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Eye and Vision 2021年第1期8卷 124-134页

作者： GrzegorzŁabuz Timur M.Yildirim gerd U.Auffarth Hyeck-Soo Son Ramin Khoramnia David J Apple Center for Vision Research Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 40069120 HeidelbergGermany

Background:Intraocular lens(IOL)calcification is a serious condition that can only be treated by removing the clouded *** explantation bears the risk of complications,it is often deferred until the patient finds the symptoms ***,as the IOL opacifies,visual acuity is minimally affected early *** this study,we assessed the impact of IOL opacification on optical ***:We analyzed ten opacified explanted IOLs(Oculentis GmbH).Wavefront aberrations were obtained with a SHSOphthalmic device(Optocraft GmbH),which features a Hartmann-Shack *** root mean square(RMS)of higher-order aberrations(HOAs)was *** effect of calcification on image quality was assessed through the Strehl ratio(SR).We detected light scattering with a C-Quant(Oculus GmbH)and expressed it as a straylight ***:At 2 mm,3mm and 4 mm,the mean RMS(±standard deviation)was 0.033μm(±0.026μm),0.044μm(±0.027),and 0.087μm(±0.049),*** mean SR value was 0.81±0.15 at 3 mm,with four IOLs showing a nearly diffraction-limited performance,but in two explants,opacification precluded reliable *** straylight was found in all opacified IOLs with a mean value of 150.2±56.3 deg^(2)/sr at 3 ***:We demonstrated that IOL opacification induces ***,the RMS remained low,which resulted only in a slight reduction of the SR-derived optical *** the other hand,we found a severe straylight elevation in the opacified lenses,which may result in dysphotopsia,such as glare,and subjective complaints,despite good visual acuity.

关键词： Higher-order aberrations Intraocular lens Straylight IOL opacification

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Use of geochemical fingerprints to trace sediment sources in an agricultural catchment of Argentina

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第4期8卷 410-417页

作者： Romina Torres Astorga Yanina Garcias Gisela Borgatello Hugo Velasco Román Padilla gerd Dercon Lionel Mabit IMASL UNSLCONICET.Ejde los Andes 950San LuisArgentina Nuclear Science and Instrumentation Laboratory Division of Physical and Chemical SciencesIAEASeibersdorfAustria Soil and Water Management&Crop Nutrition Laboratory Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and AgricultureSeibersdorfAustria

Soil erosion and associated sediment redistribution are key environmental problems in Central *** land uses and management practices,such as intensive grazing and crop cultivation,are considered to be significantly driving and accelerating these *** research focuses on the identification of suitable soil tracers from hot spots of land degradation and sediment fate in an agricultural catchment of central Argentina with erodible loess *** Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence(EDXRF),elemental concentrations were determined and later used as soil tracers for geochemical *** best set of tracers were identified using two artificial mixtures composed of known proportions of soil sources collected from different lands having contrasting soil ***,calcium,iron,phosphorus,and titanium were identified for obtaining the best suitable reconstruction of source proportions in the laboratory-prepared artificial ***,these elements,as well as the total organic carbon,were applied for pinpointing critical hot spots of erosion within the studied *** were identified to be the main source of sediments,river banks and dirt roads together are the second most important *** investigation provides key information for optimizing soil conservation strategies and selecting land management practices and land uses which do not generate great contribution of sediment,preventing pollution of the waterways of the region.

关键词： Fingerprinting Geochemical elements Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence Soil erosion Mixing models

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Complications of dexamethasone implants:risk factors,prevention,and clinical management

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第10期13卷 1612-1620页

作者： Nil Celik Ramin Khoramnia gerd.U Auffarth Saadettin Sel Christian S Mayer Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of HeidelbergHeidelberg 69120Germany

AIM:To evaluate major complications after intravitreal injection of dexamethasone implants(Ozurdex)and their clinical ***:In a retrospective observational study between 2014 and 2016 at two university hospitals,we reviewed the clinical records of 1241 consecutive macular edema patients treated with the dexamethasone implant,and separated severe adverse events in the injection procedure from those that were post-injection *** evaluated the cause and the outcomes in each ***:In twenty-one procedures(1.69%)we noticed significant complications during and after intravitreal injection of the dexamethasone *** related to the injection procedure were in one case,that a second implant was injected by mistake in the same eye on the same *** another case,the implant lodged in the sclera during retraction of the injector *** scleral tunnel at the injection site led to hypotony in another *** were 10 cases of post-injection displacement of the implant into the anterior chamber and one case with a migrated and trapped device between the intraocular lens and an artificial *** typically occurred in patients with preexisting risk factors:eyes with complicated intraocular lens implantation,iris reconstruction or iris defects or pseudophakic eyes after vitrectomy were prone to develop this *** led to secondary corneal decompensation with *** case developed an endophthalmitis,and we observed four cases of retinal *** eyes presented with long-lasting hypotony due to ciliary ***:Treatment with the dexamethasone implant may cause various expected or unexpected complications that may have serious consequences for the patient and require further *** reduce complications,clinicians should evaluate certain risk factors before scheduling patients for dexamethasone implant treatment and use proper injection techniques.

关键词： intravitreal implants dexamethasone implants Ozurdex intravitreal injection slow release drug

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