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Oxidative stress, antioxidants and intestinal calcium absorption

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第16期23卷 2841-2853页

作者： gabriela Diaz de Barboza Solange Guizzardi Luciana Moine Nori Tolosa de Talamoni Laboratorio“Dr.Fernando Canas” Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología MolecularFacultad de Ciencias MédicasINICSA(CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba)Pabellón ArgentinaCiudad UniversitariaCórdoba 5000Argentina

The disequilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen(ROS) and nitrogen(RNS) species and their elimination by protective mechanisms leads to oxidative stress. Mitochondria are the main source of ROS as by-products of electron transport chain. Most of the time the intestine responds adequately against the oxidative stress, but with aging or under conditions that exacerbate the ROS and/or RNS production, the defenses are not enough and contribute to developing intestinal pathologies. The endogenous antioxidant defense system in gut includes glutathione(GSH) and GSH-dependent enzymes as major components. When the ROS and/or RNS production is exacerbated, oxidative stress occurs and the intestinal Ca2+ absorption is inhibited. GSH depleting drugs such as DLbuthionine-S,R-sulfoximine, menadione and sodium deoxycholate inhibit the Ca2+ transport from lumen to blood by alteration in the protein expression and/or activity of molecules involved in the Ca2+ transcellular and paracellular pathways through mechanisms of oxidative stress, apoptosis and/or autophagy. Quercetin, melatonin, lithocholic and ursodeoxycholic acids block the effect of those drugs in experimental animals by their antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and/or anti-autophagic properties. Therefore, they may become drugs of choice for treatment of deteriorated intestinal Ca2+ absorption under oxidant conditions such as aging, diabetes, gut inflammation and other intestinal disorders.

关键词： Transcellular and paracellular Ca2+pathways DL-buthionine-S R-sulfoximine Menadione Sodium deoxycholate Lithocholic acid Ursodeoxycholic acid Melatonin

Novel genetic markers in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第42期13卷 5560-5570页

作者： Lorena Rodríguez-Bores gabriela C Fonseca Marco A Villeda Jesús K Yamamoto-Furusho IBD Clinic Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Vasco de Quiroga 15 colonia Sección XVI Tlalpan CP 14000 México

Genetic factors play a significant role in determining inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)*** data support genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of IBD,which include familial aggregation,twin studies,racial and ethnic differences in disease *** studies have identified several susceptibility genes contained in different genomic regions named IBD1 to *** oligomerization domain(NOD2)and human leukocyte antigen(HLA)genes are the most extensively studied genetic regions(IBD1 and IBD3 respectively)in *** of the NOD2 gene are associated with Crohn's disease(CD)and several HLA genes are associated with ulcerative colitis(UC)and *** like receptors(TLRs)have an important role in the innate immune response against infections by mediating recognition of pathogen-associated microbial *** single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in molecules involved in bacterial recognition seems to be essential to define genetic backgrounds at risk of ***,numerous new genes have been identified to be involved in the genetic susceptibility to IBD:NOD1/Caspase-activation recruitment domains 4(CARD4),Chemokine ligand 20(CCL20),IL-11,and IL-18 among *** characterization of these novel genes potentially will lead to the identification of therapeutic agents and clinical assessment of phenotype and prognosis in patients with IBD.

关键词： Genetic Inflammatory bowel disease Human leukocyte antigen Nucleotide oligomerizationdomain Toll like receptors Susceptibility

Are extrafloral nectaries efficient against herbivores? Herbivory and plant defenses in contrasting tropical species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第4期13卷 423-430页

作者： Cássio Cardoso Pereira Maria gabriela Boaventura Gislene Carvalho de Castro Tatiana Cornelissen Departamento de Genética Ecologia e EvoluçãoUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais31270-910 Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Departamento de Ciências Naturais Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei36301-160 São João del-ReiMGBrazil

Aims Plants have limited resources for defenses and species that invest in biotic defenses might exhibit leaves that invest less in other types of *** have investigated whether plants that have few mechanical defenses,but have extrafloral nectaries(EFNs)patrolled by ants,are less prone to herbivory,compared with plants without EFNs that have tougher *** Data from the literature were extracted to examine the reported levels of herbivory in plants with or without *** a savanna vegetation in southern Brazil,field data were collected in leaves from six tropical species and herbivory and specific leaf area(SLA)levels were *** further evaluated differences in herbivory and SLA among species and between plants with or without *** order to test the relationship between herbivory and leaf toughness we regressed average herbivory and average SLA per *** Findings Plants exhibited variable levels of leaf damage,but plants without ant defenses experienced the highest levels of leaf area loss to *** of mechanical defenses were also variable among the plant *** without EFNs were tougher,exhibiting lower values of *** plants without EFNs had more sclerophyllous leaves,this mechanical defense was not sufficient to impair and/or reduce herbivore feeding,suggesting that the biotic defenses performed by patrolling ants might be more effective than investment in mechanical defenses associated with leaf palatability.

关键词： ants biotic defenses herbivory leaf palatability specific leaf area

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in South Asians:A Review of the Literature

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2017年第1期5卷 76-81页

作者： Sital Singh gabriela N.Kuftinec Souvik Sarkar Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Department of Internal Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisUSA Department of Internal Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisUSA

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)are national and global *** disease is characterized by a spectrum of liver steatosis(fat deposition),inflammation(in NASH)and *** and specifically NASH can lead to cirrhosis,which carry risks of progression to portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).NASH is also associated with higher mortality from cardiovascular *** of the data for NAFLD has been obtained from the perspective of developed nations,although the disease is increasing and threatening to reach epidemic proportions across the *** data is notable for high prevalence of NAFLD in South Asian populations,presumably resulting from a combination of underlying genetic polymorphisms and changes in socio-economic *** is also notable that an‘Asian Paradox'has been defined for NAFLD based upon the observation of lower than predefined body mass index(BMI),otherwise termed as"lean NAFLD",among this ***,data remains limited in regards to the characteristics of NAFLD/NASH in this *** this article,we present a review of the literature and discuss the prevalence,associated risk factors and burden of HCC in South Asians with NAFLD.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) South Asia

Lack of functional link in the tadpole morphology induced by predators

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Current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 227-235页

作者： Maria gabriela PEROTTI Mariana PUETA Fabian Gaston JARA Carmen Adria UBED Debora Lina MORENO AZOCAR Laboratorio de Fotobiologfa INIBIOMA CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue O.uintral 1250 Bariloche Rio Negro Argentina Departamento de Biologfa General. Universidad Nacional del Comahue Quintral 1250 Bariloche Rio Negro Argentina Departamento de Zoologia INIBIOMA CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue Quintral 1250 8400 Bariloche Rio Negro Argentina

Most studies of predator-induced plasticity have focused on documenting how prey species re- spond to predators by modifying phenotypic traits and how traits correlate with fitness. We have previously shown that Pleurodema thaul tadpoles exposed to the dragonfly Rhionaeschna varie- gata responded strongly by showing morphological changes, less activity, and better survival than non-exposed tadpoles. Here, we tested whether there is a functional link between morphological plasticity and increased survival in the presence of predators. Tadpoles that experienced predation risk were smaller, less developed, and much less active than tadpoles without this experience. Burst speed did not correlate significantly with morphological changes and predator-induced deeper tails did not act as a lure to divert predator strikes away from the head. Although we have previously found that tadpoles with predator-induced morphology survive better under a direct predator threat, our results on the functional link between morphology and fitness are not conclu- sive. Our results suggest that in P. thaultadpoles （1） burst speed is not important to evade preda- tors, （2） those exposed to predators reduce their activity, and （3） morphological changes do not divert predator attacks away from areas that compromise tadpole survivalEE. Our results show that morphological changes in P. thaul tadpoles do not explain burst speed or lure attraction, al- though there was a clear reduction of activity, which itself reduces predation. We propose that changes in tadpole activity could be further analyzed from another perspective, with morphological change as an indirect product of behavior mediated by physiological mechanisms.

关键词： induced morphology lure effect predator exposure swimming performance tadpoles.

Occupational risk of exposure to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and the quality of infection hygiene in nursing homes

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第3期15卷 111-121页

作者： Pil Uthaug Rasmussen Katrine Uhrbrand Mette Damkjaer Bartels Helle Neustrup Dorina gabriela Karottki Ute Biiltmann Anne Mette Madsen National Research Centre for the Working Environment Lerso Parkalle 1052100 Copenhagen 0Denmark Department of Clinical Microbiology Hvidovre HospitalKettegdrd Alle 302650 HvidovreDenmark The Danish Working Environment Authority Landskronagade 332100 CopenhagenDenmark University Medical Center Groningen Department of Health SciencesCommunity&Occupational MedicineUniversity of Groningen9700 GroningenThe Netherlands

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)is an increasing health concern across the globe and is often prevalent at long-term care facilities,such as nursing ***,we know little of whether nursing home staff is exposed to MRSA via air and *** investigated whether staff members at nursing homes are colonised with and exposed to culturable MRSA,and assessed staff members'self-reported knowledge of MRSA and compliance with infection hygiene *** nursing homes with MRSA positive residents were visited in Copenhagen,*** bioaerosol exposure samples and environmental samples from surfaces,sedimented dust and bioaerosols were examined for MRSA and methicillin-suscqjtible ***(MSSA)to determine occupational *** were taken from staffs*nose,throat,and hands to determine whether they were colonised with *** online questionnaire about MRSA and infection control was *** staff members were colonised with MRSA,but MRSA was detected in the rooms of the colonised residents in two out of the five nursing *** was observed in air(n=4 out of 42,ranging from 2.9-1.9 CFU/m^(3)),sedimented dust(n=1 out of 58,1.1 ×10^(3) CFU/m^(2)/d),and on surfaces(n=9 out of 113,0.04-70.8 CFU/m^(2)).The questionnaire revealed that half of the staff members worry about spreading MRSA to *** aspects for improvement were improved availability and use of protective equipment,not transferring cleaning supplies(e.g.,vacuum cleaners)between residents'rooms and to reduce worry of MRSA,e.g.,through education.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance Airborne MRSA Bioaerosols Healthcare-associated infections Healthcare worker Occupational health

A randomized,fellow eye,comparison of keratometry,aberrometry,tear film,axial length and the anterior chamber depth after eye rubbing in non-keratoconic eyes

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Eye and Vision 2017年第1期4卷 106-113页

作者： Jordan V.Chervenkoff Elizabeth Hawkes gabriela Ortiz Deborah Horney Mayank A.Nanavaty Sussex Eye Hospital Brighton&Sussex University Hospitals NHS TrustEastern RoadBrighton BN25BFUK

Background:To investigate the effect of eye rubbing on keratometry(K),aberrometry,tear film break-up-time(TFBUT)and anterior chamber depth(ACD).Methods:Volunteers without any corneal pathology or dry eyes were randomised to rubbing in one eye and the fellow-eye was *** rubbing was performed for 2 *** outcomes studied were anterior and posterior K *** outcomes were changes in TFBUT,axial length(AL)&ACD,K changes in various zones,asphericity and *** and post rubbing K,aberrometry,ACD and TFBUT were assessed in a predetermined *** relationship of the above parameters to axial length(AL)was also *** was analysed using vector ***:Pre versus post rubbing,anterior flatter K further flattened(42.51±1.52 D vs.42.36±1.53 D,p=0.003)and the changes to J0 vector in central cornea(−0.16±0.26 D vs.-0.27±0.33 D,p=0.038)suggested change to against-the-rule(ATR)*** was significant change in Z^(+2)_(2) polynomial following *** found a positive correlation between axial length and change in posterior K(r=0.335,p=0.020).The TFBUT reduced following eye rubbing(15.3 s vs.13.9 s,p=0.0001).There was a positive correlation between AL and increase in ACD post rubbing(r=0.300,p=0.038).There was a positive correlation between ACD and change in mean posterior K(r=0.305,p=0.035).Conclusions:In healthy eyes,following eye rubbing,there is a significant change in TFBUT and central anterior K changes towards ATR *** eyes had more changes in posterior K and ***,eyes with deeper ACD showed more steepness of posterior K.

关键词： Eye rubbing Ectasia Tear film break up time Astigmatism Aberrations

Oxidative stress in Microcystis aeruginosa as a consequence of global climate change

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BIOCELL 2016年第1期40卷 23-25页

作者： MARCELO HERNANDO CHRISTIAN HOUGHTON LEDA GIANNUZZI BERND KROCK DARIO ANDRINOLO gabriela MALANGA Departamento de Radiobiología Comisión Nacional de Energía AtómicaBuenos AiresArgentina Area de Toxicología Dpto.de Cs BiológicasFacultad de Ciencias Exactas.UNLP Alfred Wegener Institute BremerhavenGermany Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular(IBIMOL)-Universidad de Buenos Aires(UBA) CONICETFisicoquímicaFacultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaJunín 956(C1113AAD)Buenos Aires.Argentina

Cyanobacteria are phototrophic organisms with great ecological and economical *** of the genus Microcystis are known for their potential ability to synthesize toxins,notably *** is a growing interest in the evaluation of oxidative stress in relation to the impact of global climate change on natural ecosystems in different trophic *** studies have focused on the analysis of organismal responses to mitigate the damage by controlling the generation of reactive oxygen *** in environ-mental factors caused by climate change generate a situation of oxidative damage in Microcystis aeruginosa as a direct or indirect *** this study we evaluate the effects of ultraviolet radiation and temperature on physiological and biochemical responses of a native ***(strain CAAT 2005-3).The results from the exposure to ultraviolet radiation doses and temperature changes suggest a high ability of *** to detect a potential stress situation as a consequence of reactive species production and to rapidly initiate antioxidant *** catalase activity is an antioxidant protection mechanism in *** for short and long term exposure to different changes in environmental ***,we found a ultraviolet-B radiation threshold dose above which oxidative stress exceeds the antioxidant protection and damage *** addition our results are in agreement with recent findings suggesting that microcystins may act as protein-modulating metabolites and protection against reactive oxygen *** is concluded that cyanobacteria have adaptative mechanisms that could lead to the replacement of species highly susceptible to oxidative stress by others with a higher system of antioxidant protection.

关键词： oxidative stress Cyanobacteria UVR temperature

Frontiers of Ionic Liquids

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Green Chemical Engineering 2021年第4期2卷 337-338页

作者： gabriela Gurau Małgorzata Swadzba-Kwasny Xingmei Lu Sheng Dai 525 Solutions Inc.TuscaloosaAL35403USA QUILL School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University BelfastBelfastBT95AGUK Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process Key Laboratory of Green Process EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA

Researchers around the globe are no strangers to the term“Ionic Liquids(ILs)”.With diverse applicability in chemistry,materials,chemical engineering,medicines,biochemistry to name a few,ILs are doing exactly what the researchers in the field predicted they will do,during the first international meeting devoted entirely to ILs research held on Greek grounds in Crete,back in April 2000:ILs are sustainable and decrease the environmental burden(*** reliance on fossil fuel feedstock and replace them with renewable,increase energy efficiency,improved and/or new chemical and separation processes,etc.),while still being economically feasible in an industrial scale.

关键词： entirely replace devoted