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Colorectal cancer screening:The role of CT colonography

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第32期16卷 3987-3994页

作者： Andrea Laghi franco iafrate Marco Rengo Cesare Hassan Department of Radiological Sciences Sapienza-Università di RomaPolo PontinoLatina 04100Italy Department of Radiological Sciences Sapienza-Università di RomaPoliclinico Umberto IRome 00161Italy Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit ''Nuovo Regina Margherita'' HospitalRome 00153Italy

Computed tomography colonography(CTC) in colorectal cancer(CRC) screening has two roles:one present and the other *** present role is,without any further discussion,the integration into established screening programs as a replacement for barium enema in the case of incomplete *** potential role is the use of CTC as a first-line screening method together with Fecal Occult Blood Test,sigmoidoscopy and ***,despite the fact that CTC has been officially endorsed for CRC screening of average-risk individuals by different scientif ic societies including the American Cancer Society,the American College of Radiology,and the US Multisociety Task Force on Colorectal Cancer,other entities,such as the US Preventive Services Task Force,have considered the evidence insuff icient to justify its use as a mass screening *** has also recently denied reimbursement for CTC as a screening ***,multiple advantages exist for using CTC as a CRC screening test:high accuracy,full evaluation of the colon in virtually all patients,non-invasiveness,safety,patient comfort,detection of extracolonic findings and *** main potential drawback of a CTC screening is the exposure to ionizing ***,this is not a major issue,since low-dose protocols are now routinely implemented,delivering a dose comparable or slightly superior to the annual radiation exposure of any *** evidence exists that such a radiation exposure does not induce additional cancers.

关键词： Computed tomography colonography Colon neoplasms Colon polyps Colorectal cancer screening Computed tomography colonography safety Computed tomography colonography accuracy Computed tomography colonography radiation exposure Computed tomography colonography cost-effectiveness

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Olfactory receptors in neural regeneration in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2480-2494页

作者： Rafael franco Claudia Garrigós Toni Capó Joan Serrano-Marín Rafael Rivas-Santisteban Jaume Lillo Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiomedicineFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain CiberNed Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Spanish National Health Institute Carlos ⅢMadridSpain School of Chemistry Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Department of Biochemistry and Physiology School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Laboratory of Computational Medicine Biostatistics UnitFaculty of MedicineAutonomous University of BarcelonaCampus BellaterraBarcelonaSpain

Olfactory receptors are crucial for detecting odors and play a vital role in our sense of smell,influencing behaviors from food choices to emotional *** receptors also contribute to our perception of flavor and have potential applications in medical diagnostics and environmental *** ability of the olfactory system to regenerate its sensory neurons provides a unique model to study neural regeneration,a phenomenon largely absent in the central nervous *** gained from how olfactory neurons continuously replace themselves and reestablish functional connections can provide strategies to promote similar regenerative processes in the central nervous system,where damage often results in permanent *** the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning olfactory neuron regeneration could pave the way for developing therapeutic approaches to treat spinal co rd injuries and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's *** ctory receptors are found in almost any cell of eve ry orga n/tissue of the mammalian *** ectopic expression provides insights into the chemical structures that can activate olfactory *** addition to odors,olfactory receptors in ectopic expression may respond to endogenous compounds and molecules produced by mucosal colonizing *** analysis of the function of olfactory receptors in ectopic expression provides valuable information on the signaling pathway engaged upon receptor activation and the receptor's role in proliferation and cell differentiation *** review explo res the ectopic expression of olfa ctory receptors and the role they may play in neural regeneration within the central nervous system,with particular attention to compounds that can activate these receptors to initiate regenerative *** suggests that olfactory receptors could serve as potential therapeutic targets for enhancing neural repair and recovery following central nervous syste

关键词： adenosine receptors adrenergic receptors ectopic expression G proteincoupled receptors glia neurons

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Multifaceted superoxide dismutase 1 expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients:a rare occurrence?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 130-138页

作者： Ilaria Martinelli Jessica Mandrioli Andrea Ghezzi Elisabetta Zucchi Giulia Gianferrari Cecilia Simonini Francesco Cavallieri franco Valzania Department of Neurosciences Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly Clinical and Experimental Medicine Ph.D.Program University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly Neurology Unit Neuromotor&Rehabilitation DepartmentAzienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio EmiliaReggio EmiliaItaly

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neuromuscular condition resulting from the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the cortex,brainstem,and spinal *** the typical clinical phenotype of ALS involves both upper and lower motor neurons,human and animal studies over the years have highlighted the potential spread to other motor and non-motor regions,expanding the phenotype of *** superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)mutations represent a minority of ALS cases,the SOD1 gene remains a milestone in ALS research as it represents the first genetic target for personalized *** numerous single case reports or case series exhibiting extramotor symptoms in patients with ALS mutations in SOD1(SOD1-ALS),no studies have comprehensively explored the full spectrum of extramotor neurological manifestations in this *** this narrative review,we analyze and discuss the available literature on extrapyramidal and non-motor features during *** multifaceted expression of SOD1 could deepen our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms,pointing towards a multidisciplinary approach for affected patients in light of new therapeutic strategies for SOD1-ALS.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) autonomic extramotor genotype-phenotype multisystem involvement Parkinson’s disease sensory SOD1 superoxide dismutase 1 urinary vocal cord palsy

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Adsorption of Methylene Blue on magnesium silicate: Kinetics, equilibria and comparison with other adsorbents

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第3期22卷 467-473页

作者： franco Ferrero Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Polytechnic of Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 I10129 Torino Italy

Batch adsorption from aqueous solutions in a slightly basic medium of Methylene Blue, up to 2500 mg/L, onto synthetic magnesium silicate （Florisil） of three particle size ranges （mean diameters of 112, 200 and 425 μm） was compared to the corresponding adsorption onto activated carbon and Amberlite XAD-2. The best fit of the kinetic results was achieved by a pseudo second-order equation. The equilibrium data were found to be well represented by the Langmuir isotherm equation. Amberlite XAD-2, an unspecific adsorbent capable of adsorbing exclusively through a surface effect, exhibited a poor dye uptake, confirming that the adsorption mechanism on Florisil was due to electrostatic attraction and ion exchange. Moreover, the comparison between Florisil and the other adsorbents was performed on the basis of the evaluation of the surface area and pore volume occupied by the adsorbed dye.

关键词： dye adsorption magnesium silicate Florisil adsorption kinetics adsorption isotherms

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Subaerial hot springs and near-surface hydrothermal mineral systems past and present,and possible extraterrestrial analogues

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1549-1569页

作者： franco Pirajno Centre for Exploration Targeting(CET) The University of Western Australia35Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA6009Australia

The principal features,geotectonic settings and association with near-surface hydrothermal mineral systems of ancient and present subaerial hot springs,fumaroles and geysers are herein *** and geysers usually occur in volcanic craters and are in most cases,part and parcel of hot spring *** hot springs are characterised by siliceous-and carbonate-rich chemical sediments,such as sinters and travertines,*** are commonly enriched in various metalliferous *** springs surface discharges are also characterised by pools,which exhibit bright colours due to the presence of ***-day examples discussed in this paper,include the fumaroles and hot springs of the White Island volcano(New Zealand),the world-renowned Yellowstone caldera(USA)and the Afar region of the East African Rift *** Afar triangle,in the northern part of East African Rift System,provides a good example of hot springs associated with evaporative *** Tuli-Sabi-Lebombo triple junction rifts were formed during the^180 Ma Karoo igneous event in southern Africa,of which the Tuli arm is the failed rift(aulacogen),as is the Afar *** Tuli rift is effectively an unusual,if not unique,tectono-thermal setting,because it comprises Karoo-age hot springs systems and associated vein stockworks and breccias,which includes the Messina Cu deposit as well as currently active hot springs with sinter deposits probably due to post-Karoo *** pipes in ignimbrites of the Erongo Volcano-Plutonic Complex in Namibia are *** is followed by an example of banded chert rocks in the Killara Formation of the Palaeoproterozoic Capricorn Orogen(Western Australia),interpreted as hot spring chemical sediments,which also show evidence of"fossil"microbial *** paper ends with a brief overview of possible analogues of hot springs on planet Mars.

关键词： Subaerial hot springs Fumaroles Chemical sediments Hydrothermal systems Afar Erongo volcano-plutonic complex

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Squeezed quantum hybrid system:Giant enhancement of magnon-phonon-spin interactions

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第11期66卷 233-234页

作者： franco Nori Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory Cluster for Pioneering ResearchRIKENWakoshiSaitama351-0198Japan Quantum Computing Center RIKENWakoshiSaitama351-0198Japan Physics Department The University of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan48109-1040USA

Quantum magnonics has recently attracted considerable interest not only in fundamental physics but also in applications,ranging from quantum information processing to quantum metrology[1].A unique merit of magnons,the quasiparticles or quantized unit of magnetic excitations in solids,is their ability to be effectively coupled with almost all different quantum information carriers,such as optical photons,mechanical phonons,superconducting qubits,and solid-state spins,which are otherwise difficult to be efficiently integrated together.

关键词： quantum magnon otherwise

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Reusing oxide-based pulverised fly ash and medical waste particles to develop electroless nickel composite coatings(Ni–P/fly ash and Ni–P/SiO2–Al2O3)

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第8期27卷 1147-1156页

作者： franco Mayanglambam Mark Russell School of Natural and Built Environment Queen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUK Centre for Nanotechnology Indian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahati 781038India

Recycling and reusing materials from waste have become a nexus in the development of sustainable materials,leading to more balanced *** this study,we developed a composite coating by co-depositing recycled ceramic particles,pulverised fly ash(PFA)and medical ceramics(MC),into a nickel–phosphorus matrix using a typical electroless plating *** electron microscopy(SEM)images indicated well-dispersed particles in the Ni–P ***,compared with the MC particles,the PFA particles were distributed scantily with a lower content in the matrix,which could be due to the less impingement effect during the co-deposition.A modified microstructure with refined grains was obtained for the PFA-incorporated composite coating,as seen in the SEM *** X-ray diffraction result of the MC-incorporated composite coating showed the formation of Nix Siy phases in addition to the typical Ni3 P phases for the heattreated electroless Ni–P *** heat treatment,the PFA-reinforced composite coating,due to a modified microstructure,exhibited a higher microhardness up to HK0.05818,which is comparable to that of the traditional SiC particle-embedded composite coating(HK0.05825).The findings can potentially open up a new strategy to further advance the green approach for industrial surface engineering.

关键词： electroless plating waste ceramics fly ash particles microstructure microhardness

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Symptomatic and pathogenetic treatment of diabetic neuropathy Role of alpha-lipoic acid

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Neural Regeneration Research 2010年第10期5卷 781-788页

作者： franco Gemignani Department of Neurosciences University of Parma

Diabetic neuropathy, the most common form of peripheral neuropathy, presents as different forms of focal or diffuse neuropathy, including the disabling, or potentially life-threatening clinical entities of painful diabetic neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, and diabetic foot. The pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy results from the concurrent action of various intersecting factors of nerve damage, such as oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, microangiopathy and ischemia, triggered by hyperglycemia and related biochemical changes. Symptomatic treatment of diabetic neuropathy mainly concerns therapies for neuropathic pain, interventions targeted at the organ systems involved in autonomic neuropathy, and management of diabetic foot. Therapeutic approaches to the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy have focused on the different components of the causes of nerve damage, particularly oxidative stress, which has been demonstrated to play a central role. Alpha-lipoic acid, a potent lipophilic free radical scavenger, has been used in treatment of patients with diabetic neuropathy, displaying efficacy on the chief symptoms, including neuropathic pain, and showing that neuropathic deficits may be improved by treatment. Current evidence suggests a possible efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid not only for neuropathic symptoms, but also for reducing the risk factors for diabetic neuropathy.

关键词： diabetic neuropathy/therapy symptomatic treatment pathogenetic treatment alpha-lipoic acid literature reviews

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Intestinal dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第33期17卷 3761-3775页

作者： Sergio Rutella franco Locatelli Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology IRCCS Children's Hospital"Bambino Gesù"00165 RomeItaly Catholic University Medical School 00168 RomeItaly franco Locatelli University of Pavia27100 PaviaItaly

The gastrointestinal tract harbors a large number and diverse array of commensal bacteria and is an important entry site for *** these reasons,the intestinal immune system is uniquely dedicated to protect against infections,while avoiding the development of destructive inflammatory responses to the *** models have been proposed to explain how the immune system discriminates between,and appropriately responds to,commensal and pathogenic *** cells(DCs)and regulatory T cells(Treg)are instrumental in maintaining immune homeostasis and tolerance in the *** are virtually omnipresent and are remarkably plastic,having the ability to adapt to the influences of the *** DC populations with partially overlapping phenotypic and functional properties have been described in different anatomical *** in the draining mesenteric lymph nodes,in the intestinal lamina propria and in Peyer's patches partake both in the control of intestinal inflammation and in the maintenance of gut *** this respect,gutresident DCs and macrophages exert tolerogenic functions as they regularly encounter and sense commensal *** contrast,migrating DC subsets that are recruited to the gut as a result of pathogenic insults initiate immune ***,tolerogenic DCs act by promoting the differentiation and expansion of Treg cells that efficiently modulate gut inflammation,as shown both in preclinical models of colitis and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).This article reviews the phenotypic and functional features of gut DC subsets and discusses the current evidence underpinning the DC contribution to the pathogenesis of the major clinical subtypes of human *** also addresses the potential clinical benefit derived from DC targeting either in vivo or in vitro.

关键词： Dendritic cell Tolerance Gut Inflammatory bowel disease Cytokine Regulatory T cells

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A Parametric Genetic Algorithm Approach to Assess Complementary Options of Large Scale Wind-solar Coupling

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2017年第2期4卷 260-272页

作者： Tim Mareda Ludovic Gaudard franco Romerio Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Geneva School of Economics and Management(GSEM) University of Geneva

The transitional path towards a highly renewable power system based on wind and solar energy sources is investigated considering their intermittent and spatially distributed characteristics. Using an extensive weather-driven simulation of hourly power mismatches between generation and load, we explore the interplay between geographical resource complementarity and energy storage strategies. Solar and wind resources are considered at variable spatial scales across Europe and related to the Swiss load curve, which serve as a typical demand side reference. The optimal spatial distribution of renewable units is further assessed through a parameterized optimization method based on a genetic algorithm. It allows us to explore systematically the effective potential of combined integration strategies depending on the sizing of the system, with a focus on how overall performance is affected by the definition of network boundaries. Upper bounds on integration schemes are provided considering both renewable penetration and needed reserve power capacity. The quantitative trade-off between grid extension, storage and optimal wind-solar mix is *** paper also brings insights on how optimal geographical distribution of renewable units evolves as a function of renewable penetration and grid extent.

关键词： Energy optimization grid integration genetic algorithm optimal spatial distribution power system modeling

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