Subaerial hot springs and near-surface hydrothermal mineral systems past and present,and possible extraterrestrial analogues

作     者：Franco Pirajno Franco Pirajno

作者机构：Centre for Exploration Targeting(CET)The University of Western Australia35Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA6009Australia 

出 版 物：《Geoscience Frontiers》 (地学前缘（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2020年第11卷第5期

页      面：1549-1569页

核心收录：

学科分类：070801[理学-固体地球物理学] 07[理学] 0708[理学-地球物理学] 

基　　金：China University of Geosciences, Beijing, CUGB Università di Bologna, UNIBO 

主　　题：Subaerial hot springs Fumaroles Chemical sediments Hydrothermal systems Afar Erongo volcano-plutonic complex 

摘      要：The principal features,geotectonic settings and association with near-surface hydrothermal mineral systems of ancient and present subaerial hot springs,fumaroles and geysers are herein *** and geysers usually occur in volcanic craters and are in most cases,part and parcel of hot spring *** hot springs are characterised by siliceous-and carbonate-rich chemical sediments,such as sinters and travertines,*** are commonly enriched in various metalliferous *** springs surface discharges are also characterised by pools,which exhibit bright colours due to the presence of ***-day examples discussed in this paper,include the fumaroles and hot springs of the White Island volcano(New Zealand),the world-renowned Yellowstone caldera(USA)and the Afar region of the East African Rift *** Afar triangle,in the northern part of East African Rift System,provides a good example of hot springs associated with evaporative *** Tuli-Sabi-Lebombo triple junction rifts were formed during the^180 Ma Karoo igneous event in southern Africa,of which the Tuli arm is the failed rift(aulacogen),as is the Afar *** Tuli rift is effectively an unusual,if not unique,tectono-thermal setting,because it comprises Karoo-age hot springs systems and associated vein stockworks and breccias,which includes the Messina Cu deposit as well as currently active hot springs with sinter deposits probably due to post-Karoo *** pipes in ignimbrites of the Erongo Volcano-Plutonic Complex in Namibia are *** is followed by an example of banded chert rocks in the Killara Formation of the Palaeoproterozoic Capricorn Orogen(Western Australia),interpreted as hot spring chemical sediments,which also show evidence offossilmicrobial *** paper ends with a brief overview of possible analogues of hot springs on planet Mars.