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Evaluation of Data Replacement Strategies for CASTNET Dry Deposition Modeling

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2012年第6期1卷 789-799页

作者： christopher rogers Thomas Lavery Kevin Mishoe Ralph Baumgardner AMEC Environment & Infrastructure Inc. Jacksonville FL 32207 USA Fuss & O 'Neill Inc. Providence R102908 USA AMEC Environment & Infrastructure Inc. Newberry FL 32669 USA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711 USA

The U.S. EPA （Environmental Protection Agency） established the CASTNET （Clean Air Status and Trends Network） and its predecessor, the NDDN （national dry deposition network）, as national air quality and meteorological monitoring networks. Both CASTNET and NDDN were designed to measure concentrations of sulfur and nitrogen gases and particles. Both networks also estimate dry deposition using an inferential model. The design was based on the concept that atmospheric dry deposition flux could be estimated as the product of a measured air pollutant concentration and a modeled deposition velocity （Vd）. The MLM （multi-layer model）, the computer model used to simulate dry deposition, requires information on meteorological conditions and vegetative cover as model input. The MLM calculates hourly Fa for each pollutant, but any missing meteorological data for an hour renders Vd missing for that hour. Because of percent completeness requirements for aggregating data for long-term estimates, annual deposition rates for some sites are not always available primarily because of missing or invalid meteorological input data. In this work, three methods for replacing missing on-site measurements are investigated. These include （1） using historical values of deposition velocity or （2） historical meteorological measurements from the site being modeled or （3） current meteorological data from nearby sites to substitute for missing inputs and thereby improve data completeness for the network＇s dry deposition estimates. Results for a CASTNET site used to test the methods show promise for using historical measurements of weekly average meteorological parameters.

关键词： Dry deposition deposition velocity leaf area index MLM (Multi-Layer Model)

Magnitude and Trends of High-elevation Cloud Water Pollutant Concentrations and Modeled Deposition Fluxes

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2017年第3期6卷 127-143页

作者： Selma Isil Thomas Lavery Kristi Gebhart christopher rogers Carol Armbrust Wanta Amee Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure Inc. Newberry Florida 32669-3000 USA Air Quality Science Cranston Rhode Island 02920 USA U.S. National Park Service Air Resources Division Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA

Cloud water samples, LWC （Liquid Water Content） and meteorological data were collected at the Clingmans Dome, Tennessee, high-elevation site in Great Smoky Mountains National Park during the warm season from 1994 through 2011. This paper presents results from 2000 through the conclusion of the study in 2011. Samples were analyzed for SO42＂, NO3, NH4＋ and H＋. These measurements were supplemented by measurements of ambient air and precipitation concentrations to estimate dry and wet deposition. Cloud water concentrations, LWC, cloud frequency, various meteorological measurements and information on nearby forest canopy were used to model cloud water deposition to gauge trends in deposition. Total deposition was calculated as the sum of cloud, dry and wet deposition estimates. Concentrations and deposition fluxes declined over the study period. The decreases in cloud water SO42＂ and NO3 concentrations were 40 percent and 26 percent, respectively. Three-year mean 5042 and NO3 deposition rates decreased by 71 percent and 70 percent, respectively. Trends in concentrations and depositions were comparable with trends in SO2 and NOx emissions from Tennessee Valley Authority power plants and aggregated emission reductions from electric generating units in adjacent states. Back trajectories were simulated with the HYSPLIT model and aggregated over cloud sampling periods from 2000 through 2007 and 2009 through 2011. Trajectories during periods with high H＋ concentrations traveled over local EGU （Electric Generating Unit） emission sources in Tennessee and Kentucky to the Ohio River Valley, Alabama and Georgia with the conclusion that these source regions contributed to acidic cloud water deposition at Clingmans Dome. This work was supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Tennessee Valley Authority with infrastructure support provided by the National Park Service.

关键词： Cloud water acid deposition liquid water content emissions back trajectory high elevation.

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由心出发的设计,克里斯托弗·约翰·罗杰斯

艺术与设计 2022年第1期11卷 168-171页

作者：吉丽 christopher JOHN rogers(图) 不详

近期,CFDA时尚大奖(CFDA Fashion Awards)公布2021年获奖名单,其中美国年度女装设计师奖(American Womenswear Designer of the Year)获奖者是克里斯托弗·约翰·罗杰斯(christopher John rogers)。克里斯托弗·约翰·罗杰斯曾就读于萨... 详细信息

近期,CFDA时尚大奖(CFDA Fashion Awards)公布2021年获奖名单,其中美国年度女装设计师奖(American Womenswear Designer of the Year)获奖者是克里斯托弗·约翰·罗杰斯(christopher John rogers)。克里斯托弗·约翰·罗杰斯曾就读于萨凡纳艺术与设计学院,上学期间成立了品牌CJR。

关键词：克里斯托弗约翰·罗杰斯艺术与设计

法医鉴定人／验尸官（法医学专家）的作用与患者医疗质量改善——法医学检验鉴定的新领域

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法医鉴定人／验尸官（法医学专家）的作用与患者医疗质量改善——...

美国法医在重大灾难事件和预备工作中的作用——恐怖主义对医疗卫生系统和法医鉴定人的影响

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作者： Thomas T.Noguchi christopher rogers Lakshmanan Sathyavagiswaran 南加利福尼亚大学Keck医学院创伤外科与危重病急救部复合外伤死亡评定委员会洛杉矶主检法医局法医处南加利福尼亚大学Keck医学院

当今在美国,医院临床和法医病理学者常规参与质量保证项目、各个医疗层次的患者安全的评价,包括在各类小诊所和大型医疗机构的治疗。美国官方的死亡检验由法医鉴定局来承担,其工作由协调统一的机构网络的协助。这些机构提供全面、综合... 详细信息

当今在美国,医院临床和法医病理学者常规参与质量保证项目、各个医疗层次的患者安全的评价,包括在各类小诊所和大型医疗机构的治疗。美国官方的死亡检验由法医鉴定局来承担,其工作由协调统一的机构网络的协助。这些机构提供全面、综合报告以及在其管辖范围内的死亡调查情况。这些机构包括卫生厅、人口生育与死亡统计管理局、健康设施管理处、医院死亡事务办公室和州医疗执照管理部门,以及各个执法和管理机构、检察院办公室。法医病理学者是常见可以避免的不良事件所造成的致命性后果的见证人。鉴定人需要利用其经验提出和强调总体的防护计划以改善生活质量,告知公众哪些可以避免,但属于可以导致不良后果的行为。在当前日益增加的化学性、生物性和放射性恐怖袭击的危险环境下,健康管理系统,特别是医院,包括急救机构正在行动起来制定计划,满足灾难处理预备工作的可能需要。

关键词：质量保证项目外伤治疗中心解剖治疗并发症医疗过失医生失职法医学法医验尸官死亡调查灾难应急

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美国法医在重大灾难事件和预备工作中的作用——恐怖主义对医疗卫...

Chamber Size Effects on Methane Emissions from Rice Production

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＜正＞引言本文概述了美国重大灾难事件的预备工作和目前发展概况,并重点阐述对医疗卫生和法医学鉴定人体制的影响作用。恐怖袭击几乎每天都发生在世界的一些地区,事实上其中一些是针对美国的驻外机构。我们自以为是的感觉被9．11袭击...

＜正＞引言本文概述了美国重大灾难事件的预备工作和目前发展概况,并重点阐述对医疗卫生和法医学鉴定人体制的影响作用。恐怖袭击几乎每天都发生在世界的一些地区,事实上其中一些是针对美国的驻外机构。我们自以为是的感觉被9．11袭击美国境内本土的目标击得粉碎,我们已经面临着对医疗卫生系统和法医鉴定机构的新挑战。

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2015年第10期5卷 227-235页

作者： Alden D. Smartt Kristofor R. Brye christopher W. rogers Richard J. Norman Edward E. Gbur Jarrod T. Hardke Trent L. Roberts Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA Department of Plant Soil and Entomological Sciences University of Idaho Aberdeen USA Agricultural Statistics Laboratory University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Stuttgart USA

Quantifying methane (CH4) emissions from cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in the field has received increased attention recently due to methane’s importance as a greenhouse gas. The enclosed-headspace chamber technique is the standard methodology for field assessments of trace gas emissions. However, to our knowledge, no direct comparisons of measured CH4 fluxes and emissions from field-grown rice among differing chamber sizes have been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chamber size [15.2- and 30.4-cm inside diameter (id)] on CH4 fluxes and season-long emissions from rice grown on a clay soil in Arkansas. Chamber size did not affect (P > 0.05) CH4 fluxes on 10 sampling dates during the flooded portion of the rice growing season and only affected fluxes on one of four sampling dates after flood release. Total season-long CH4 emissions from optimally N-fertilized rice were 32.6 and 35.6 kg CH4-C haǃ·seasonǃ, which did not differ, and from bare clay soil were 0.74 and 1.75 kg CH4-C haǃ·seasonǃ, which also did not differ, from the 15.2- and 30.4-cm chambers, respectively. Chamber size (i.e., 15.2- or 30.4-cm id) did not result in differences in cumulative CH4 emissions from this flooded-rice study that was conducted on a Sharkey clay soil in northeast Arkansas. Results indicate that both 15.2- and 30.4-cm diameter chambers were similarly adequate for measuring CH4 fluxes and emissions from the clay soil investigated. The similarity in emissions results between chamber sizes also indicates that the 15.2-cm diameter chambers adequately facilitated the quantification of CH4 emissions in this study.

关键词： Methane Emissions Rice Production Clay Soil Arkansas

Designing user-centric transport strategies for urban road space redistribution

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Communications in Transportation Research 2023年第1期3卷 230-248页

作者： Manu Sasidharan Mehran Eskandari Torbaghan Yasmin Fathy christopher D.F.rogers Nicole Metje Jennifer Schooling Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridgeCB21PZUK School of Engineering University of BirminghamBirminghamEdgbastonB152TTUK

Cities worldwide are geared to promote economic growth,improve accessibility,address environmental issues,and enhance the quality of ***,the processes that lead to the design of urban roads,particularly the space distribution,reflect the inequalities existing in the fabric of our *** often have shorter travel time and more space than passengers of other ***,the existing transport appraisal and planning tools that frame sustainable transport policies fall short of considering the dimension of social ***,our urban transport systems are essential areas for advancing sustainability through a transport justice-based approach to planning that can pivot the distribution of infrastructure investments over different social groups and transport *** study proposes such an approach by which such suitable urban transport strategies can be identified,co-created with users and appraised while considering the commuters’***,the interaction between the multidimensional characteristics of sustainability and the principles of transport justice are *** proposed approach is applied to London and *** results show that a transparent and holistic approach to integrating users within transport planning is an effective way to reflect diverse needs and local circumstances and thereby ensure a just transition to sustainable urban transport *** results from the case studies highlight a strong rationale for the centrality of justice in any urban transport planning and policy making efforts,particularly in the allocation of road space.

关键词： Urban transport Sustainability Road space allocation Cost-benefit analysis

Verification and Dosimetric Impact of Acuros XB Algorithm for Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) and RapidArc Planning for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2013年第1期2卷 6-14页

作者： Suresh Rana Kevin rogers Terry Lee Daniel Reed christopher Biggs Department of Medical Physics ProCure Proton Therapy Center Oklahoma City USA Department of Radiation Oncology Arizona Center for Cancer Care Peoria USA

Purpose: The experimental verification of the Acuros XB (AXB) algorithm was conducted in a heterogeneous rectangular slab phantom, and compared to the Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA). The dosimetric impact of the AXB for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and RapidArc planning for 16 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients was assessed due to the dose recalculation from the AAA to the AXB. Methods: The calculated central axis percentage depth doses (PDD) in a heterogeneous slab phantom for an open field size of 3 ×3 cm2 were compared against the PDD measured by an ionization chamber. For 16 NSCLC patients, the dose-volume parameters from the treatment plans calculated by the AXB and the AAA were compared using identical jaw settings, leaf positions, and monitor units (MUs). Results: The results from the heterogeneous slab phantom study showed that the AXB was more accurate than the AAA;however, the dose underestimation by the AXB (up to ?3.9%) and AAA (up to ?13.5%) was observed. For a planning target volume (PTV) in the NSCLC patients, in comparison to the AAA, the AXB predicted lower mean and minimum doses by average 0.3% and 4.3% respectively, but a higher maximum dose by average 2.3%. The averaged maximum doses to the heart and spinal cord predicted by the AXB were lower by 1.3% and 2.6% respectively;whereas the doses to the lungs predicted by the AXB were higher by up to 0.5% compared to the AAA. The percentage of ipsilateral lung volume receiving at least 20 and 5 Gy (V20 and V5 respectively) were higher in the AXB plans than in the AAA plans by average 1.1% and 2.8% respectively. The AXB plans produced higher target heterogeneity by average 4.5% and lower plan conformity by average 5.8% compared to the AAA plans. Using the AXB, the PTV coverage (95% of the PTV covered by the 100% of the prescribed dose) was reduced by average 8.2% than using the AAA. The AXB plans required about 2.3% increment in the number of MUs in order to achieve the sa

关键词： Acuros XB AAA Heterogeneity Correction SBRT RapidArc Lung Cancer

Development of a multiple level underground limestone mine from geology through mine planning

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 63-67页

作者： christopher Newman David Newman Robert Dupuy Appalachian Mining&Engineering Inc.LexingtonKYUSA rogers Group Inc.NashvilleTNUSA

The development of a multiple level underground mine is a complex task in which geology,engineering,ground control,and unit operations are integrated into a single mine *** components are interdependent and must function cohesively to ensure a profitable underground mining *** optimize reserve recovery,mine planning should begin from the lowest level and progress *** limits any misjudgments or oversights of a given level affecting the underlying levels and ensures the ability to maximize recovery from each *** planning should start with the exploration and characterization of the geologic *** the reserve geology and quality is well understood,then mine planning can begin with respect to the following:(1)orientation of mine works with respect to horizontal stress;(2)access to the reserve;(3)determination of opening widths;(4)selection of back,floor horizons and pillar centers;(5)selection of development and secondary mining heights;(6)appropriate inter-burden thicknesses;and(7)examining the stability of the multiple level mine through numerical *** multiple level mine design process and decisions are presented through a case history *** theme is that there is one opportunity to"get it right"and many chances to overlook a small aspect within the design that will plague the mine throughout all levels and through the entirety of its operating life.

关键词： Limestone Mine planning Geology Multiple level Rock mechanics