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Habitat protection for sensitive species: Balancing species requirements and human constraints using bioindicators as examples

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Natural Science 2013年第5期5卷 50-62页

作者： Joanna Burger Michael Gochfeld charles w. powers Law.ence Niles Robert Zappalorti Jeremy Feinberg James Clarke Conserve w.ldlife Foundation of New.Jersey Greenwich NJ USA Consortium for Risk Evaluation w.th Stakeholder Participation Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Division of Life Sciences Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA Ecology and Evolution Graduate Program Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ USA Division of Life Sciences Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA Consortium for Risk Evaluation w.th Stakeholder Participation Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA Consortium for Risk Evaluation w.th Stakeholder Participation Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Environmental and Occupational Medicine UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Piscataway NJ USA Herpetological Associates Inc. Jackson NJ USA

Vertebrates have particular habitat needs as a function of life cycle and reproductive stage. This paper uses four species as examples to illustrate a paradigm of environmental assessment that includes physical, biological, toxicological and human dimensions. Species used include Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshaw.tscha), northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens), northern pine snake (Pituophis m. melanoleucus), and red knot (Calidris canutus rufa, a sandpiper). The life cycles of these species include reliance on habitats that are aquatic, terrestrial, aerial, or combinations of these. Tw. species (frog, snake) are sedentary and tw. (salmon, sandpiper) are long-distance migrants. w.ile some measurement endpoints are similar for all species (reproductive success, longevity, contaminant loads), others vary depending upon life cycle and habitat. Salmon have a restricted breeding habitat requiring coarse sand, moderate current, and high oxygen levels for adequate egg incubation. Leopard frogs require still w.ter of appropriate temperature for development of eggs. Pine snakes require sand compaction sufficient to sustain a nest burrow.w.thout collapsing, and full sun penetration to the sand to allow.their eggs in underground nests to incubate and hatch. Red knots migrate to high Arctic tundra, but incubate their ow. eggs, so temperature is less of a constraint, but feedinging habitat is. These habitat differences suggest the measurement endpoints that are essential to assess habitat suitability and to manage habitats to achieve stable and sustainable populations. Habitat use and population stability have implications for human activities for some, but not all species. Salmon are important economically, recreationally, and as part of Native American culture and diet. Red knots are of interest to people mainly because of their long, intercontinental migrations and declining populations. Other measurement endpoints for these four species illustrate the differences and similarit

关键词： Assessment Environmental Monitoring Bioindicators Habitat vulnerabilities Salmon Frog Snake Bird

Determining Environmental Impacts for Sensitive Species: Using Iconic Species as Bioindicators for Management and Policy

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第8期4卷 87-95页

作者： Joanna Burger Michael Gochfeld charles w. powers James H. Clarke Kevin Brow. David Kosson Law.ence Niles Amanda Dey Christian Jeitner Taryn Pittfield 1Consortium for Risk Evaluation w.th Stakeholder Participation Vanderbilt University Nashville USA 2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and CRESP Vanderbilt University Nashville USA 1Consortium for Risk Evaluation w.th Stakeholder Participation Vanderbilt University Nashville USA 2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and CRESP Vanderbilt University Nashville USA 1Division of Life Sciences Rutgers University Piscataway USA 2Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute Rutgers University Piscataway USA 3Consortium for Risk Evaluation w.th Stakeholder Participation Vanderbilt University Nashville USA 1Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute Rutgers University Piscataway USA 2Consortium for Risk Evaluation w.th Stakeholder Participation Vanderbilt University Nashville USA 3Environmental and Occupational Medicine Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Piscataway USA Conserve w.ldlife Foundation of New.Jersey Greenwich USA Endangered and Nongame Species Program Department of Environmental Protection Trenton USA.

Environmental assessment of impacts, management, and policy are important aspects of protection of human health and the environment. Assessing the impacts of human activities requires selection of bioindicator species that can be used to assess, manage, and develop public policies that ensure ecosystem integrity, and therefore sustainability of social, cultural, and economic systems. w.th the use of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshaw.tscha), Pacific Cod (Gadusmacrocephalus), Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), and Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa), w. explore assessment and measurement endpoints, and their relationship to management and development of public policy. This combination of fish and birds provides a diversity of life histories, ecosystem roles, human values, and resource use to explore their use as bioindicators and endpoints. It also allow. examination of 1) conservation and protection of species and biodiversity, 2) protection of ecosystems, 3) provision of goods and services, and 4) societal w.ll-being.

关键词： Assessment Bioindicators Contaminants Endpoints Management Public Policy Fish Birds

Leaf habit differentiation explains trait tradeoffs across savanna w.ody plants

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 287-295页

作者： Yangsiding w.ng Da Yang German Vargas G. Guangyou Hao Jennifer S.powers Yan Ke Qin w.ng Yunbing Zhang Jiaolin Zhang CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Biological Sciences University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Department of Ecology Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN 55108USA

Identifying how.leaf habit subdivisions link to the fast–slow.and avoidance–tolerance trait tradeoffs can provide new.insight into divergence in ecophysiological strategies among plant functional groups. Here, w. tested a hypothesis that the differentiation across deciduous, semi-deciduous and evergreen w.ody species contributes to physiological trait tradeoffs in a dry-hot valley savanna. w. investigated 11 photosynthetic, morphological and hydraulic traits of 24 species including 8 deciduous, 10 semi-deciduous and 6 evergreen species. Deciduous species w.re grouped in the fast and avoidance side associated w.th high values of maximum photosynthetic rates,stomatal conductance and leaf size, w.ile evergreen species w.re grouped in the slow.and tolerance side associated w.th high photosynthetic w.ter use efficiency, leaf mass per area, sapw.od density, Huber value, leaf w.ter potential at turgor loss point and w.ter potential causing 50% loss of stem hydraulic conductance. Semideciduous species generally had intermediate trait values and represented different physiological characteristics w.en compared to deciduous and evergreen species. The physiological trait tradeoffs show.d a close linkage to the differentiation of these three leaf habits. Our findings clearly reveal trait tradeoffs related to fast–slow.and avoidance–tolerance strategies among diverse savanna plants, suggesting a syndrome in multiple ecophysiology strategies across different leaf habits.

关键词： Dry-hot habitat Gas exchange Hydraulics Phenology Tolerance Valley savanna

A Case Report: Emergency Management of a Pregnant Trauma Patient—An Anesthesiologist’s Perspective and Role

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第2期14卷 25-39页

作者： Kalpana Tyagaraj Candice Ibarra Kimberly Moy Nina Luksanapol Gianna Torre Raymond powers Anuj Bapodra Maimonides Medical Center New York USA

Trauma is the leading cause of death for all w.men of childbearing age. Motor vehicle accidents account for almost tw.-thirds of all maternal non-obstetric, trauma-related deaths, w.ile falls and domestic violence comprise a large percentage of the rest. The leading causes of obstetric trauma are motor vehicle accidents, falls, assaults, and gunshots, and ensuing injuries are classified as blunt abdominal trauma, pelvic fractures, or penetrating trauma . The causes are different w.th different life styles and different socio-economic and cultural background. Pregnant trauma victims tend to be younger, less severely injured, and more likely African American or of Hispanic descent compared w.th nonpregnant victims of trauma. Drugs and alcohol are a factor in about 20 percent of maternal trauma. w.th pregnancy comes the challenge and responsibility of caring for tw. patients at once, the mother and the fetus. In general, providing optimal maternal care is the best strategy to optimize fetal survival. Decision-making including the condition of the mother, gestational age, status of the fetus, and interventions are based on these key factors. Many providers are involved in the care of the pregnant patient: at the trauma scene, in the emergency department, and in the operating room. The anesthesiologist plays a key role in the care and management of the pregnant trauma patient. All anesthesiologists have ample training in obstetric anesthesia during their residency and frequently cover obstetric units in hospitals w.ere pregnant patients are cared for. On the other hand, most nonobstetric physicians have little obstetric exposure and may be uncomfortable caring for the pregnant patient because of unfamiliarity w.th the physiologic changes of pregnancy or the evaluation of fetal w.ll-being. This is not only a source of stress for other trauma providers, but can put maternal w.ll-being at risk. Non-obstetric physicians may hesitate to order necessary diagnostic and therapeu

关键词： Obstetric Anesthesiology Ob Trauma Maternal and Fetal Resuscitation

Convergence Phenomenon w.th Fourier Series of tg(x2)and Alike

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第7期14卷 556-595页

作者： Alfred w.nsche Institut fr Physik Humboldt-Universitt Berlin Berlin Germany

The Fourier series of the 2π-periodic functions tg(x2)and 1sin(x)and some of their relatives (first of their integrals) are investigated and illustrated w.th respect to their convergence. These functions are Generalized functions and the convergence is w.ak convergence in the sense of the convergence of continuous linear functionals defining them. The figures show.that the approximations of the Fourier series possess oscillations around the function w.ich they represent in a broad band embedding them. This is some analogue to the Gibbs phenomenon. A modification of Fourier series by expansion in powers cosn(x)for the symmetric part of functions and sin(x)cosn−1(x)for the antisymmetric part (analogous to Taylor series) is discussed and illustrated by examples. The Fourier series and their convergence behavior are illustrated also for some 2π-periodic delta-function-like sequences connected w.th the Poisson theorem show.ng non-vanishing oscillations around the singularities similar to the Gibbs phenomenon in the neighborhood of discontinuities of functions. .

关键词： Gibbs Phenomenon Generalized Functions w.ak Convergence Chebyshev Polynomials of First and Second Kind Even and Odd Generating Functions for Chebyshev Polynomials Polylogarithms Completeness Relations

Chinese Political Theory in Dialogue w.th Rousseau

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Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2022年第1期6卷 123-140,155页

作者： Martin powers University of Michigan

w.thin the vast body of scholarship on the Enlightenment,only a small portion addresses the role of China in the debates of that *** those,scarcely any concerns the relationship betw.en China and Rousseau's *** the connections are many,and *** essay surveys a body of Chinese political theory available to Rousseau,then compares Rousseau's understanding of sovereignty,the“people,”popular w.ll,public opinion,and the authority of office,w.th comparable terms present in the Chinese theory available to *** aim of this exercise is not so much to establish influence,though that can be dificult to ***,the essay attermpts to show.that Rousseau's system generates contradictions in part because he attempts to combine parliamentary procedure w.th the conception of sovereignty and the popular w.ll found in his Chinese sources.

关键词： China political theory Rousseau sovereignty popular w.ll checks and balances public opinion corruption

New.Formula for Computing Quaternion powers

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Applied Mathematics 2022年第3期13卷 282-294页

作者： w. Eltayeb Ahmed Department of Mathematics and Statistics Faculty of Science Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Basics and Engineering Sciences Faculty of Engineering University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan

In this w.rk, w. create a new.mathematical formula that computes the pow.r of a quaternion number raised to a positive integer by reducing the real matrix of order 4 × 4 that w. take to represent this quaternion number to a matrix that makes the process of multiplying this quaternion number by itself simpler. w. also present a new.method for computing the pow.r of a real matrix of order 2 × 2 as an application of this formula.

关键词： Quaternions Matrix Algebra Kayley-Dickson Construction

New.Chinese Military History, 1839-1951： w.at＇s the Story？

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Frontiers of History in China 2018年第1期13卷 90-126页

作者： charles w. Hayford Independent Scholar

Since 1990, New.Chinese Military History in the w.st has remedied scholarly neglect of Chinese w.rfare and changed the usual stories of modern China. These studies disproved Orientalist assumptions of a unique ＂Chinese w.y of w.r＂ or a strategic culture that avoided aggressive confrontation. Scholars also challenge the assumption that Confucian immobility led to a clash of civilizations and decisive defeat in the Opium w.rs, First Sino-Japanese w.r, and Boxer w.r of 1900. In fact, Qing officials w.re quick and successful in creating a new.military regime. New.military histories of the w.rlords, the Sino-Japanese w.rs, and the Chinese Civil w.r show.that developing new.types of w.rfare w.s central in creating the new.nation. All these w.rs split the country into factions that w.re supported by outside powers： they w.re internationalized civil w.rs. The article also asks how.the choice of terms, labels, and categories shapes interpretations and political messages.

关键词： historiography New.Military History New.Chinese MilitaryHistory w.r w.rfare Opium w.rs Taiping Rebellion Boxer Uprising Sino-Japanese w.r w.r of Resistance w.rld w.r Tw. in Asia

Mending a broken heart w.th novel cardiogenic small molecules

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Cell Regeneration 2022年第1期11卷 188-191页

作者： Nevan powers Guo N.Huang Cardiovascular Research Institute&Department of Physiology University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94158USA Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94158USA

Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes are unable to proliferate to regenerate lost tissue after heart *** et al.,reporting in Cell Stem Cell,employ a FUCCI-and MADM-based system to screen for small molecules combinations that produced a collaborative effect on cardiomyocyte cycling and *** authors generate a cocktail of five small molecules that increase cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration in vitro and in vivo w.th high efficiency,and explore its potential in cardiac regenerative repair after myocardial infarction through a new.potential pathw.y for cardiomyocyte cell-cycle re-entry.

关键词： cardio cardiac