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Land use impacts on parasitic infection: a cross-sectional epidemiological study on the role of irrigated agriculture in schistosome infection in a dammed landscape

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第2期10卷 78-78页

作者： andrea J.lund David HRehkopf Susanne HSokolow MMoustapha Sam Nicolas Jouanard Anne-Marie Schacht Simon Senghor Assane Fall Gilles Riveau Giulio ADe Leo David Lopez-Carr Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources Stanford University473 Via Ortega Suite 226StanfordCAUSA 不详

Background:Water resources development promotes agricultural expansion and food security.But are these benefits offset by increased infectious disease risk?Dam construction on the Senegal River in 1986 was followed by agricultural expansion and increased transmission of human schistosomes.Yet the mechanisms linking these two processes at the individual and household levels remain unclear.We investigated the association between household land use and schistosome infection in children.

关键词： Agriculture Exposure Livelihoods Planetary health Senegal Schistosomiasis Water contact

Time-crystal ground state and production of gravitational waves from QCD phase transition

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Chinese Physics C 2019年第6期43卷 115-125页

作者： andrea Addazi Antonino Marcianò Roman Pasechnik Department of Physics &Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics Lund University Lund SE-223 62 Sweden

We propose a novel mechanism for the production of gravitational waves in the early Universe that originates from the relaxation processes induced by the QCD phase transition. While the energy density of the quark-gluon mean-field is monotonously decaying in real time, its pressure undergoes a series of violent oscillations at the characteristic QCD time scales that generate a primordial multi-peaked gravitational waves signal in the radio frequencies’ domain. The signal is an echo of the QCD phase transition that is accessible by planned measurements at the FAST and SKA telescopes.

关键词： primordial gravitational waves homogeneous gluon condensate effective Yang-Mills theory QCD phase tran sition

4^(th) generation synchrotron source boosts crystalline imaging at the nanoscale

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第4期11卷 662-673页

作者： Peng Li Marc Allain Tilman A.Grunewald Marcus Rommel andrea Campos Dina Carbone Virginie Chamard Aix-Marseille Univ CNRSCentrale MarseilleInstitut FresnelMarseilleFrance Nanofabrication Laboratory Department of Microtechnology and NanoscienceMC2Chalmers University of TechnologySE-41296 GothenburgSweden Aix Marseille Univ CNRSCentrale MarseilleFSCM(FR1739)CP2M13397 MarseilleFrance. MAX IV Laboratory Fotongatan 222594 LundSweden Present address:Diamond Light Source Harwell Science and Innovation CampusFermi AveDidcot OX110DEUK

New 4^(th)-generation synchrotron sources,with their increased bilince,promise to greatly improve the performances of coherent X-ray microscopy.This perspective is of major interest for crystal microscopy,which aims at revealing the 3D crystalline structure of matter at the nanoscale,an approach strongly limited by the available coherent flux.Our results,based on Bragg ptychography experiments performed at the frst 4-generation synchrotron source,demonstrate the possibility of retrieving a high-quality image of the crystalline sample,with unprecedented quality.Importantly,the larger available coherent flux produces datasets with enough information to overcome experimental limitations,such as strongly deteriorated scanning conditions.We show this achievement would not be posible with 30-generation sources,a limit that has inhibited the development of this otherwise powerful microscopy method,so far.Hence,the advent of next-generation synchrotron sources not only makes Bragg ptychography suitable for high throughput studies but also strongly relaxes the associated experimental constraints,making it compatible with a wider range of experimental set-ups at the new synchrotrons.

关键词： crystalline coherent source

SmartFlare^(TM) is a reliable method for assessing mRNA expression in single neural stem cells

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2021年第12期13卷 1918-1927页

作者： andrea Diana Maria Dolores Setzu Zaal Kokaia Roxana Nat Cristina Maxia Daniela Murtas Department of Biomedical Sciences University of CagliariMonserrato 09042CagliariItaly Laboratory of Stem Cells&Restorative Neurology Lund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLund SE-22184LundSweden Institute of Neuroscience Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck 6020Austria

BACKGROUND One of the most challenging tasks of modern biology concerns the real-time tracking and quantification of mRNA expression in living cells.On this matter,a novel platform called SmartFlare^(TM) has taken advantage of fluorophore-linked nanoconstructs for targeting RNA transcripts.Although fluorescence emission does not account for the spatial mRNA distribution,NanoFlare technology has grown a range of theranostic applications starting from detecting biomarkers related to diseases,such as cancer,neurodegenerative pathologies or embryonic developmental disorders.AIM To investigate the potential of SmartFlare^(TM) in determining time-dependent mRNA expression of prominin 1(CD133)and octamer-binding transcription factor 4(OCT4)in single living cells through differentiation.METHODS Brain fragments from the striatum of aborted human fetuses aged 8 wk postconception were processed to obtain neurospheres.For the in vitro differentiation,neurospheres were gently dissociated with Accutase solution.Single cells were resuspended in a basic medium enriched with fetal bovine serum,plated on poly-L-lysine-coated glass coverslips,and grown in a lapse of time from 1 to 4 wk.Live cell mRNA detection was performed using SmartFlare^(TM) probes(CD133,Oct4,Actin,and Scramble).All the samples were incubated at 37°C for 24 h.For nuclear staining,Hoechst 33342 was added.SmartFlare^(TM) CD133-and OCT4-specific fluorescence signal was assessed using a semiquantitative visual approach,taking into account the fluorescence intensity and the number of labeled cells.RESULTS In agreement with previous PCR experiments,a unique expression trend was observed for CD133 and OCT4 genes until 7 d in vitro(DIV).Fluorescence resulted in a mixture of diffuse cytoplasmic and spotted-like pattern,also detectable in the contacting neural branches.From 15 to 30 DIV,only few cells showed a scattered fluorescent pattern,in line with the differentiation progression and coherent with mRNA downregulation of these stemness-related genes.CONCLUSION SmartFl

关键词： mRNA detection SmartFlareTM NanoFlare Live staining Nanotechnology Neural stem cell genes

Correlative optical photothermal infrared and X-ray fluorescence for chemical imaging of trace elements and relevant molecular structures directly in neurons

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第8期10卷 1536-1545页

作者： Nadja Gustavsson Agnes Paulus Isak Martinsson Anders Engdahl Kadda Medjoubi Konstantin Klementiev andrea Somogyi Tomas Deierborg Ferenc Borondics Gunnar K Gouras Oxana Klementieva Medical Microspearoscopy Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund University22180 LundSweden. Experimental Neuroinflammation Lab Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund University22180 LundSweden. Experimental Dementia Research Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund University22180 LundSweden. Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des Merisiers91192 Gif Sur Yvette CedexFrance. MAX IV Laboratory 22100 LundSweden. lund Institute for advanced Neutron and X-ray Science(LINXS) 22370 LundSweden

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common cause of dementia,costing about 1%of the global economy.Failures of clinical trials targeting amyloid-βprotein(Aβ),a key trigger of AD,have been explained by drug inefficiency regardless of the mechanisms of amyloid neurotoxicity,which are very difficult to address by available technologies.Here,we combine two imaging modalities that stand at opposite ends of the electromagnetic spectrum,and therefore,can be used as complementary tools to assess structural and chemical information directly in a single neuron.Combining label-free super-resolution microspectroscopy for sub-cellular imaging based on novel optical photothermal infrared(O-PTIR)and synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence(S-XRF)nano-imaging techniques,we capture elemental distribution and fibrillary forms of amyloid-βproteins in the same neurons at an unprecedented resolution.Our results reveal that in primary AD-like neurons,iron clusters co-localize with elevated amyloidβ-sheet structures and oxidized lipids.Overall,our O-PTIR/S-XRF results motivate using high-resolution multimodal microspectroscopic approaches to understand the role of molecular structures and trace elements within a single neuronal cell.

关键词： elevated elements complementary

New fecal test for non-invasive Helicobacter pylori detection:A diagnostic accuracy study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第27期24卷 3021-3029页

作者： andrea Iannone Floriana Giorgio Francesco Russo Giuseppe Riezzo Bruna Girardi Maria Pricci Suetonia C Palmer Michele Barone Mariabeatrice Principi Giovanni FM Strippoli Alfredo Di Leo Enzo Ierardi Section of Gastroenterology Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationUniversity of BariBari 70124Italy Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation University of BariBari 70124Italy THD SpA Correggio(Reggio Emilia)42015Italy National Institute of Gastroenterology “S De Bellis”Research HospitalCastellanaGrotte(Bari)70013Italy Department of Medicine University of Otago ChristchurchChristchurch 8011New Zealand Diaverum Academy Lund 22229Sweden Diaverum Medical Scientific Office Lund 22229Sweden Sydney School of Public Health University of SydneySydney NSW-2000Australia Section of Nephrology Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationUniversity of BariBari 70124Italy

AIM To assess the diagnostic accuracy of a new fecal test for detecting Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori), using ^(13)Curea breath test as the reference standard, and explore bacterial antibiotic resistance. METHODS We conducted a prospective two-center diagnostic test accuracy study. We enrolled consecutive people≥ 18 years without previous diagnosis of H. pylori infection, referred for dyspepsia between February and October 2017. At enrollment, all participants underwent 13 C-urea breath test. Participants aged over 50 years were scheduled to undergo upper endoscopy with histology. Participants collected stool samples 1-3 d after enrollment for a new fecal investigation(THD fecal test). The detection of bacterial 23 S rRNA subunit gene indicated H. pylori infection. We also used the index diagnostic test to examine mutations conferring resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin. Independent investigators analyzed index test and reference test standard results blinded to the other test findings. We estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive(PPV) and negative(NPV) predictive value, diagnostic accuracy, positive and negative likelihood ratio(LR), together with 95% confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS We enrolled 294 consecutive participants(age: Median 37.0 years, IQR: 29.0-46.0 years; men: 39.8%). Ninetyfive(32.3%) participants had a positive ^(13)C-urea breath test. Twenty-three(7.8%) participants underwent upper endoscopy with histology, with a full concordance between ^(13)C-urea breath test and histology in detecting H. pylori infection. Four(1.4%) out of the 294 participants withdrew from the study after the enrollment visit and did not undergo THD fecal testing. In the 290 participants who completed the study, the THD fecal test sensitivity was 90.2%(CI: 84.2%-96.3%), specificity 98.5%(CI:96.8%-100%), PPV 96.5%(CI: 92.6%-100%), NPV 95.6%(CI: 92.8%-98.4%), accuracy 95.9%(CI: 93.6%-98.2%), positive LR 59.5(CI: 19.3-183.4), negative LR 0.10(CI: 0.05-0.18). Out of 83 infected participants identified with the THD

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Fecal test Feces Stools 23S rRNA Molecular analysis Antibiotic resistance Diagnostic accuracy

Nutritional Status of Children with Intestinal Parasites from a Tropical Area of Bolivia,Emphasis on Zinc and Iron Status

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第4期6卷 399-411页

作者： Claudia E.Lazarte andrea Soto Leovegildo Alvarez Bjorn Bergenstahl Nora Medrano Yvonne Granfeldt Department of Food Technology Engineering and NutritionLund UniversityLundSweden Food and Natural Products Center San Simón UniversityCochabambaBolivia Chagas Disease and Immunoparasitology Laboratory San Simon UniversityCochabambaBolivia Albina Patiño Pediatrics Hospital CochabambaBolivia

Malnutrition and parasitic diseases are within the major issues in rural areas in developing countries. In this study, the nutritional status, dietary intake including mineral absorption inhibitor (phytate), hematological indicators and trace element status (zinc, iron) were evaluated and associated to the presence of intestinal parasites in a group of children from a rural area of Bolivia. The results showed that 96% of the children had intestinal parasites;7 types of parasites (Ascaris lumbricoides, Giardia lamblia, Ancylostoma duodenale, Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercolaris) were identified. Anthropometric measurements indicated that 37% of the children were stunted and 17% were underweight. Iron and zinc intake showed that 34% and 30% of children had inadequate intake of these nutrients respectively. Phytate: zinc molar ratios were between 6.5 and 21, and from 6.2 to 15 for phytate: iron, indicating that the absorption of zinc and iron might be compromised by the level of phytate in the diet. The serum zinc was below the lower cut-off in 87% of the children, indicating zinc deficiency. Moreover, a multiple regression model showed the significant effect of the presence of the parasite Giardia lamblia and phytate intake on the serum zinc levels. Regarding the iron status, 30% of the children presented with anemia and about 66% had iron deficiency;a simple linear regression model showed the significant negative effect of the presence of the parasite Ancylostoma duodenale on iron status. In conclusion, the levels of zinc and iron, which were low in this child population, were greatly affected by the presence of intestinal parasites;in addition, the consumption of plant-based diets with high levels of phytate also impaired the zinc absorption.

关键词： Nutritional Status Dietary Intake Zinc Iron Deficiency Phytate Intestinal Parasites

Top quark pair production at complete NLO accuracy with NNLO+NNLL′corrections in QCD

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Chinese Physics C 2020年第8期44卷 40-45页

作者： MichałCzakon andrea Ferroglia Alexander Mitov Davide Pagani Andrew S.Papanastasiou Benjamin D.Pecjak Darren J.Scott Ioannis Tsinikos Xing Wang 杨李林 Marco Zaro Institut für Theoretische Teilchenphysik und Kosmologie RWTH Aachen UniversityD-52056 AachenGermany New York City College of Technology BrooklynNY 11201USA The Graduate School and University Center The City University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10016 USA Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeCB30HE CambridgeUK Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str.1D-85748 GarchingGermany Theory Group Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron(DESY)D-22607 HamburgGermany Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology University of DurhamDH13LE DurhamUK Institute for Theoretical Physics University of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XH AmsterdamThe Netherlands Nikhef Theory GroupScience Park 1051098 XGAmsterdamThe Netherlands Theoretical Particle Physics Department of Astronomy and Theoretical PhysicsLund UniversitySölvegatan 14ASE-22362 LundSweden PRISMA+Cluster of Excellence Johannes Gutenberg UniversityD-55128 MainzGermany Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics Department of PhysicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China INFN Sezione di MilanoVia Celoria 1620133 MilanoItaly

We describe predictions for top quark pair differential distributions at hadron colliders,by combining the next-to-next-to-leading order quantum chromodynamics calculations and next-to-leading order electroweak corrections with double resummation at the next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy of threshold logarithms and small-mass logarithms.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first study to present such a combination,which incorporates all known perturbative information.Numerical results are presented for the invariant-mass distribution,transverse-momentum distribution,and rapidity distributions.

关键词： top quark production QCD electroweak

Potential role of an athlete-focused echocardiogram in sports eligibility

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World Journal of Cardiology 2021年第8期13卷 271-297页

作者： Stefano Palermi Alessandro Serio Marco Vecchiato Felice Sirico Francesco Gambardella Fabrizio Ricci Franco Iodice Juri Radmilovic Vincenzo Russo Antonello D'andrea Department University of Naples Federico IINaples 80131Italy Sport and Exercise Medicine Division Department of MedicineUniversity Hospital of PadovaPadova 35128Italy Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences“G.d’Annunzio”University of Chieti-PescaraChieti 66100Italy Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityClinical Research CenterMalmö21428Sweden Casa di Cura Villa Serena Pescara 65013Italy Unit of Cardiology Department of Translational Medical SciencesUniversity of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Monaldi HospitalNaples 80131Italy Unit of Cardiology and Intensive Coronary Care “Umberto I”HospitalNocera Inferiore 84014Italy

Sudden cardiac death(SCD)of an athlete is a rare but tragic event and sport activity might play a trigger role in athletes with underlying structural or electrical heart diseases.Preparticipation screenings(PPs)have been conceived for the potential to prevent SCD in young athletes by early identification of cardiac diseases.The European Society of Cardiology protocol for PPs includes history collection,physical examination and baseline electrocardiogram,while further examinations are reserved to individuals with abnormalities at first-line evaluation.Nevertheless,transthoracic echocardiography has been hypothesized to have a primary role in the PPs.This review aims to describe how to approach an athlete-focused echocardiogram,highlighting what is crucial to focus on for the different diseases(cardiomyopathies,valvulopathies,congenital heart disease,myocarditis and pericarditis)and when is needed to pay attention to overlap diagnostic zone(“grey zone”)with the athlete's heart.Once properly tested,focused echocardiography by sports medicine physicians may become standard practice in larger screening practices,potentially available during first-line evaluation.

关键词： Echocardiogram Athletes Sport eligibility Pre-participation screening Sudden cardiac death Sport cardiology