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Combined use of lactoferrin and vitamin D as a preventive and therapeutic supplement for SARS-CoV-2 infection: Current evidence

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第32期10卷 11665-11670页

作者： Massimiliano Cipriano enzo Ruberti Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone Department of Laparoscopic Surgery Umberto I General HospitalMedical School Sapienza UniversityRome 161Italy Department of Human Neuroscience Sapienza University of RomeRome 00185Italy Department of Research Analytics Saveetha Dental College and HospitalsSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennai 600077India

Lactoferrin is a multifunctional protein that exhibits anti-inflammatory,immune regulating and anti-infective *** of its receptor sites is located on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus *** binding of lactoferrin with heparin sulfate proteoglycans may prevent the first contact between the virus and host cells,thus preventing subsequent *** that lactoferrin may act as a natural mucosal barrier,an intranasal treatment together with its oral intake can be hypothesized to prevent the spread,infection and inflammation caused by coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Moreover,the literature reports that vitamin D plays an essential role in promoting immune *** its antiinflammatory and immunoregulatory properties,vitamin D is critical for activating the immune system’s defenses,improving immune cell *** studies also demonstrate that lactoferrin is a potential activator of the vitamin D *** this sense,the combined use of lactoferrin(through an association of oral intake and a nasal spray formulation)and vitamin D could represent a valuable therapy for COVID-19 treatment and ***,further randomized clinical trials are needed before recommending/prescribing them.

关键词： Lactoferrin Vitamin D SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Pandemics

Magnitude of the contralateral efferent olivocochlear effect as a function of the frequency

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Journal of Otology 2022年第2期17卷 67-71页

作者： Fernanda Anza Miranda enzo Aguilar-Vidal Laboratorio de a.diología y Percepcion a.ditiva Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileChile Escuela de Tecnología Medica Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileChile Departamento de Tecnología Medica Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileChile

Background:The activation of the medial olivocochlear reflex reduces the cochlear gain,which is manifested perceptually as decreased a.ditory ***,it has remained unclear whether the extent of this suppression varies according to the cochlear region *** we aims to assess the magnitude of contralateral efferent suppression across human cochlea,at low levels,and its impact on hearing ***:Assuming that acoustic stimulation activates the contralateral medial olivocochlear reflex,we evaluated the magnitude of the suppressive effect as a function of frequency in 17 subjects with normal *** thresholds were measured for bursts tones of various durations(10,100,and 500 ms)and frequencies(250,500,1000,4000,and 8000 Hz)in the presence or absence of contralateral white noise at 60 d B ***:We found that contralateral noise raised the absolute threshold for the burst tones *** effect was greater at lower than higher frequencies(3.85 d B at 250 Hz vs.2.22 d B at 8000 Hz).Conclusions:Our findings suggest that in humans,the magnitude of this suppression varies according to the cochlear region stimulated,with a greater effect towards the apex(lower frequencies)than the base(higher frequencies)of the cochlea.

关键词： a.ditory perception Efferent system Medial olivocochlear reflex Absolute threshold

Intraepithelial lymphocytes: bystanders or causative factors in functional gastrointestinal disorders?

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第7期18卷 1620-1621页

作者： Giuseppe Losurdo Domenico Piscitelli enzo Iera.di Alfredo di Leo Section of Gastroenterology Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationUniversity of BariBariItaly Ph.D.Course in Organs and Tissues Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationUniversity of BariBariItaly Section of Pathology Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationUniversity of BariBariItaly

Intraepithelial lymphocytes(IELs)are immune cells located in the epithelium of the mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal tract that typically show a CD3-positive *** are T lymphocytes that are involved in the primary immune response to several luminal antigens,such as food proteins and infectious *** this reason,their increase may be pathogenetic in several diseases,the most important being celiac ***,an increase above 25 IELs/100 enterocytes in the duodenum,which is considered the cutoff value for celiac disease,may occur in several conditions,such as nonceliac gluten sensitivity,food allergy,Helicobacter pylori(***)infection,gastroenteritis,and even irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).Therefore,the generic term“microscopic enteritis”or“duodenal lymphocytosis”has been proposed for this condition.

关键词： lymphocytes gastrointestinal epithelium

Serologic diagnosis of celiac disease: May it be suitable for adults?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第42期27卷 7233-7239页

作者： Giuseppe Losurdo Milena.di Leo Edoardo Santamato Monica Arena Maria Rendina Carmelo Luigiano enzo Iera.di Alfredo di Leo Section of Gastroenterology Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationUniversity of BariBari 70124Italy Unit of digestive Endoscopy San Paolo HospitalMilan 20090Italy

The diagnosis of coeliac disease(CD)in adult patients requires the simultaneous assessment of clinical presentation,serology,and typical histological picture of villous ***,several years ago,the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology,Hepatology,and Nutrition guidelines approved new criteria for the diagnosis in children:Biopsy could be avoided when antitransglutaminase antibody(TGA)values exceed the cut-off of×10 upper limit of normal(ULN)and anti-endomysium antibodies are positive,independently from ***“no biopsy”approach is a decisive need for pediatric population,allowing to avoid stressful endoscopic procedures in children,if *** approach relies on the correlation existing in children between TGA levels and assessment of mucosal atrophy according to Marsh’s *** lines of evidence have shown that patients with villous atrophy have markedly elevated TGA ***,we aim to perform a narrative review on the topic in *** that some studies confirmed that the×10 ULN threshold value has a very good diagnostic performance,several lines of evidence in adults suggest that TGA cut off should be different from that of pediatric population for reaching a good correlation with histological *** conclusion,the heterogeneity of study reports as well as some conditions,which may hamper the serological diagnosis of CD(such as seronegative CD and non-celiac villous atrophy)and are much more common in adults than in children,could represent a limitation for the“no biopsy”approach to CD diagnosis in patients outside the pediatric age.

关键词： Celiac disease Villous atrophy Serology Biopsy Anti-transglutaminase antibody

discussion 2 on "Introspection on improper seismic retrofit of Basilica Santa Maria.di Collemaggio after 2009 Italian earthquake" by ***,*** and *** Stefano

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2012年第2期11卷 289-290页

作者： enzo Cartapati Department of Structural & Geotechnical Engineering(diSG) University of Rome 'La Sapienza'RomeItaly

This discussion will address two aspects found in the paper:lack of proper information and some mistakes. Lack of proper information In Section 2 of the paper,a short review of the seismic events suffered by the Basilica and of the interventions of reconstruction which have followed is presented,but the main effects of these events are not

关键词： by G.P.Cimellaro,A.M.Reinhorn and A.De Stefano discussion 2 on De

A geomorphological model of susceptibility to the effect of human interventions for environmental licensing determination(SHIELD)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 284-294页

作者： Cristina I.Pereira Celene B.Milanes Ivan Correa enzo Pranzini Benjamin Cuker Camilo M.Botero EAFIT University Earth Sciences DepartmentMedellínColombia Coastal Systems Research Group Playas Corporation Ltda.BogotáColombia Civil and Environmental Department Universidad De La CostaBarranquillaColombia Department of Earth Sciences University of FlorenceFirenzeItaly Department of Marine and Environmental Science Hampton UniversityHamptonUnited States University Sergio Arboleda School of LawSanta

Almost every country requires some form of environmental licensing prior to the inception of development projects that may affect the integrity of the environment and its social *** developed a new conceptual and methodological model to instruct the assessment of the potential impacts posed by proposed *** to Human Interventions for Environmental Licensing Determination(SHIELD)includes a novel geomorphological interpretation of the Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA).It considers the impact of human interventions on geomorphological processes and landscape functioning in the context of the entire ecosystem,going further than the classical concept of *** susceptibility of the site informs the screening stage,allowing local conditions to help define the criteria used in the ***,the level of detail of the environmental baseline is scoped by considering the degree of disturbance of natural processes posed by human *** this geomorphological susceptibility model on different kinds of environments would allow shifting the environmental licensing practices from the prevailing anthropocentric and static conception of the environment towards an Ecosystem *** addresses the need to improve the screening and scoping stages that form the basis of the rest of any *** introduces several innovations to EIA including the incorporation of fuzzy logic,a preassembled database of contributions form experts,and a shifting of emphasis from the type of proposed intervention to the type of environment and its relative susceptibility.

关键词： Processes and landforms Expert knowledge Ecosystem approach Screening Scoping

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for a patient with chylothorax in cryptogenic/metabolic cirrhosis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic diseases International 2020年第3期19卷 303-304页

作者： Francesco Cocomazzi Nicola Maurizio Castellaneta Antonino Castellaneta Fabio Fucilli enzo Iera.di Alfredo di Leo Section of Gastroenterology Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationUniversity of BariBariItaly Radiology Unit IRCCS De BellisCastellana GrotteBariItaly

To the Editor:Chylothorax is a rare pleural effusion with a milky appearance due to triglycerides and chylomicrons[1];About 1%of cases are associated with liver cirrhosis[2].Incidentally,it has been hypothesized that chylothorax originates from the passage of chylous ascites into pleural cavity owing to diaphragmatic defects and negative thoracic pressure[3].Chylous ascites represents the 1%of ascites in liver cirrhosis(1:20,000 hospitalizations)[4].Pathophysiological mechanism is mediated by increased hepatic and gastrointestinal lymphatic flow due to portal hypertension[5]。

关键词： cirrhosis ascites pleural

Extra-intestinal manifestations of non-celiac gluten sensitivity: an expa.ding paradigm

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第14期24卷 1521-1530页

作者： Giuseppe Losurdo Mariabeatrice Principi Andrea Iannone Annacinzia Amoruso enzo Iera.di Alfredo di Leo Michele Barone Section of Gastroenterology Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation University "Aldo Moro" of Bari

Non celiac gluten sensitivity(NCGS) is a syndrome characterized by a cohort of symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten-containing food in subjects who are not affected by celiac disease(CD) or wheat allergy. The possibility of systemic manifestations in this condition has been suggested by some reports. In most cases they are characterized by vague symptoms such as ‘foggy mind', headache, fatigue, joint and muscle pain, leg or arm numbness even if more specific complaints have been described. NCGS has an immune-related background. Indeed there is a strong evidence that a selective activation of innate immunity may be the trigger for NCGS inflammatory response. The most commonly autoimmune disorders associated to NCGS are Hashimoto thyroiditis, dermatitis herpetiformis, psoriasis and rheumatologic diseases. The predominance of Hashimoto thyroiditis represents an interesting finding, since it has been indirectly confirmed by an Italian study, showing that autoimmune thyroid disease is a risk factor for the evolution towards NCGS in a group of patients with minimal duodenal inflammation. On these bases, an autoimmune stigma in NCGS is strongly supported; it could be a characteristic feature that could help the diagnosis and be simultaneously managed. A possible neurological involvement has been underlined by NCGS association with gluten ataxia, gluten neuropathy and gluten encephalopathy. NCGS patients may show even psychiatric diseases such as depression, anxiety and psychosis. Finally, a link with functional disorders(irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia) is a topic under discussion. In conclusion, the novelty of this matter has generated an expansion of literature data with the unavoidable consequence that some reports are often based on low levels of evidence. Therefore, only studies performed on large samples with the inclusion of control groups will be able to clearly establish whether the large information from the literature rega.ding extra-intestinal

关键词： Non celiac gluten sensitivity celiac disease gluten gluten ataxia autoimmunity gluten-related disorders thyroiditis extra-intestinal

Fabrication and Applications of Micro/Nanostructured Devices for Tissue Engineering

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Nano-Micro Letters 2017年第1期9卷 1-13页

作者： Tania Limongi Luca Tirinato Francesca Pagliari Andrea Giugni Marco Allione Gerardo Perozziello Patrizio Candeloro enzo di Fabrizio SMILEs Lab Physical Science and Engineering(PSE)and Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering(BESE)DivisionsKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering(BESE) King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Laboratory of Nanotechnology BioNEM Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity"Magna Graecia"of CatanzaroViale Europa-Loc.Germaneto88100 CatanzaroItaly

Nanotechnology allows the realization of new materials and devices with basic structural unit in the range of1–100 nm and characterized by gaining control at the atomic, molecular, and supramolecular level. Reducing the dimensions of a material into the nanoscale range usually results in the change of its physiochemical properties such as reactivity,crystallinity, and solubility. This review treats the convergence of last research news at the interface of nanostructured biomaterials and tissue engineering for emerging biomedical technologies such as scaffolding and tissue regeneration. The present review is organized into three main sections. The introduction concerns an overview of the increasing utility of nanostructured materials in the field of tissue engineering. It elucidates how nanotechnology, by working in the submicron length scale, assures the realization of a biocompatible interface that is able to reproduce the physiological cell–matrix interaction. The second, more technical section, concerns the design and fabrication of biocompatible surface characterized by micro- and submicroscale features, using microfabrication, nanolithography, and miscellaneous nanolithographic *** the last part, we review the ongoing tissue engineering application of nanostructured materials and scaffolds in different fields such as neurology, ca.diology, orthopedics, and skin tissue regeneration.

关键词： Nanomaterials Nanostructures Microfabrication Nanofabrication Device Tissue engineering