Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining “biofilm”,“acute vs. chronic osteomyelitis”, “the immune proteome” and “local antibiotic therapy”

作     者：Elysia A. Masters Ryan P. Trombetta Karen L. de Mesy Bentley Brendan F Boyce Ann Lindley Gill Steven R. Gill Kohei Nishitani Masahiro Ishikawa Yugo Morita Hiromu Ito Sheila N. Bello-Irizarry Mark Ninomiya James D. Brodell Jr. Charles C. Lee Stephanie P. Hao Irvin Oh Chao Xie Hani A. Awad John L. Daiss John R. Owen Stephen L. Kates Edward M. Schwarz Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan 

作者机构：Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Orthopaedics University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center Richmond VA USA 

出 版 物：《Bone Research》 (骨研究（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2019年第7卷第3期

页      面：225-242页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 1002[医学-临床医学] 1001[医学-基础医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 10[医学] 

基　　金：supported by grants from AOTrauma, Clinical Priority Program (Davos, Switzerland) NIH NIAMS (P50 AR072000 and P30 AR069655) supported by grants from NIH NIAMS P30 AR069655 pilot AO Trauma Research Fellowship (Davos, Switzerland) supported by grants from the NIH (R01 AR43510 and R01 AG049994) supported by grants from the NIH (P30 AR061307 and T32 AR53459) the NIH (R21 AR074571 and R21 AR073321) supported by grants from the NIH (R21 AR073321, R21 AR500710 and P30 AR06965501 Pilot) supported by grants from the NIH (R21 AI119646) supported by grants from Amedica Inc supported by grants from Bristol-Myers, Astellas, and Asahi-Kasei supported by the Goldstein Award from the Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 

主　　题：disease caused by soft tissue necrotic tissuel 

摘      要：Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthopedic surgery is low, rates of reinfection are disturbingly high. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the majority of chronic osteomyelitis cases and is often considered to be incurable due to bacterial persistence deep within bone. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on clinical classifications of osteomyelitis and the ensuing treatment algorithm. Given the high patient morbidity,mortality, and economic burden caused by osteomyelitis, it is important to elucidate mechanisms of bone infection to inform novel strategies for prevention and curative treatment. Recent discoveries in this field have identified three distinct reservoirs of bacterial biofilm including: Staphylococcal abscess communities in the local soft tissue and bone marrow, glycocalyx formation on implant hardware and necrotic tissue, and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network(OLCN) of cortical bone. In contrast, *** intracellular persistence in bone cells has not been substantiated in vivo, which challenges this mode of chronic osteomyelitis. There have also been major advances in our understanding of the immune proteome against S. aureus, from clinical studies of serum antibodies and media enriched for newly synthesized antibodies(MENSA), which may provide new opportunities for osteomyelitis diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccine development. Finally, novel therapies such as antimicrobial implant coatings and antibiotic impregnated 3D-printed scaffolds represent promising strategies for preventing and managing this devastating disease. Here, we review these recent advances and highlight translational opportunities towards a cure.