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A potato late blight resistance gene protects against multiple Phytophthora species by recognizing a broadly conserved RXLR-WY effector

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Molecular Plant 2022年第9期15卷 1457-1469页

作者： Xiao Lin Andrea Olave-Achury Robert Heal Marina Pais Kamil Witek Hee-Kyung Ahn He Zhao Shivani Bhanvadia Hari S.Karki Tianqiao Song Chih-hang Wu Hiroaki Adachi Sophien Kamoun Vivianne G.A.A.Vleeshouwers Jonathan D.G.Jones The Sainsbury Laboratory University of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNR47UH NorwichUK Wageningen UR Plant Breeding Wageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands present address:Institute of Plant Protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014P.R.China present address:Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology Academia SinicaTaipei 11529 Taiwan present address:Laboratory of Crop Evolution Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityMozumeMukoKyoto 617-0001Japan present address:Lipman Family Farms 21106 Six Ls Farm RdEsteroFloridaUnited States

Species of the genus Phytophthora,the plant killer,cause disease and reduce yields in many crop *** many Resistance to Phytophthora infestans(Rpi)genes effective against potato late blight have been cloned,few have been cloned against other Phytophthora *** Rpi genes encode nucleotide-binding domain,leucine-rich repeat-containing(NLR)immune receptor proteins that recognize RXLR(Arg-X-Leu-Arg)***,whether NLR proteins can recognize RXLR effectors from multiple Phytophthora species has rarely been ***,we identified a new RXLR-WY effector AVRamr3 from *** that is recognized by Rpi-amr3 from a wild Solanaceae species Solanum ***-amr3 associates with AVRamr3 in ***3 is broadly conserved in many different Phytophthora species,and the recognition of AVRamr3 homologs by Rpi-amr3 activates resistance against multiple Phytophthora pathogens,including the tobacco black shank disease and cacao black pod disease pathogens *** and ***-amr3 is thus the first characterized resistance gene that acts against *** or *** findings suggest a novel path to redeploy known R genes against different important plant pathogens.

关键词： Rpi-amr3 AVRamr3 potato late blight Phytophthora disease RXLR-WY effector Solanum americanum

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Temporal and Spatial Requirement of EMF1 Activity for Arabidopsis Vegetative and Reproductive Development

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Molecular Plant 2009年第4期2卷 643-653页

作者： Rosario Sanchez Minjung Y. Kim Myriam Calonje Yong-Hwan Moon Z. Renee Sung Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA present address: Heidelberg Institute for Plant Science Biodiversity and Plant Systematics Heidelberg University 69120 Heidelberg Germany present address: Department of Molecular Biology Pusan National University 30 Jangjeon-dong Geumjeong-gu Busan 609-735 Korea

EMBRYONIC FLOWER （EMF） genes are required to maintain vegetative development via repression of flower homeotic genes in Arabidopsis. Removal of EMF gene function caused plants to flower upon germination, producing abnormal and sterile flowers. The pleiotropic effect of ernfl mutation suggests its requirement for gene programs involved in diverse developmental processes. Transgenic plants harboring EMF1 promoter：：glucuronidase （GUS） reporter gene were generated to investigate the temporal and spatial expression pattern of EMF1. These plants displayed differential GUS activity in vegetative and flower tissues, consistent with the role of EMF1 in regulating multiple gene programs. EMFI：：GUS expression pattern in emf mutants suggests organ-specific auto-regulation. Sense- and antisense （as） EMF1 cDNA were expressed under the control of stage- and tissue-specific promoters in transgenic plants. Characterization of these transgenic plants showed that EMF1 activity is required in meristematic as well as differentiating tissues to rescue emf mutant phenotype. Temporal removal or reduction of EMF1 activity in the embryo or shoot apex of wild-type seedlings was sufficient to cause early flowering and terminal flower formation in adult plants. Such reproductive cell memory is reflected in the flower MADS-box gene activity expressed prior to flowering in these early flowering plants. However, temporal removal of EMF1 activity in flower meristem did not affect flower development. Our results are consistent with EMF1＇s primary role in repressing flowering in order to allow for vegetative growth.

关键词： EMF1 stage-specific promoter early flowering reproductive cell memory vegetative/reproductive development repression of flower MADS-box genes.

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Universal switching of plasmonic signals using optical resonator modes

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 135-142页

作者： Cillian PT McPolin Nicolas Olivier Jean-Sebastien Bouillard Daniel O’Connor Alexey V Krasavin Wayne Dickson Gregory A Wurtz Anatoly V Zayats Department of Physics King’s College LondonStrandLondon WC2R 2LSUK present address:University of Sheffield Hounsfield RoadSheffield S37RHUK present address:University of Hull Cottingham RoadHull HU67RXUK present address:National Physical Laboratory Hampton RoadTeddingtonMiddlesex TW110LWUK University of North Florida 1 UNF DriveJacksonvilleFL 32224USA

We propose and investigate,both experimentally and theoretically,a novel mechanism for switching and modulating plasmonic signals based on a Fano interference process,which arises from the coupling between a narrow-band optical Fabry–Pérot cavity and a surface plasmon polariton(SPP)*** SPP wave emitted from the cavity is actively modulated in the vicinity of the cavity resonances by altering the cavity Q-factor and/or resonant *** experimentally demonstrate dynamic SPP modulation both by mechanical control of the cavity length and all-optically by harnessing the ultrafast nonlinearity of the Au mirrors that form the *** electro-optical modulation scheme is also proposed and numerically *** operation of the switch via mechanical means yields a modulation in the SPP coupling efficiency of~80%,while the all-optical control provides an ultrafast modulation with an efficiency of 30%at a rate of~0.6 *** experimental observations are supported by both analytical and numerical calculations of the mechanical,all-optical and electro-optical modulation methods.

关键词： Fano resonances optical signal processing plasmonics ultrafast switching

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SWI1 Is Required for Meiotic Chromosome Remodeling Events

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Molecular Plant 2008年第4期1卷 620-633页

作者： Kingsley A. Boateng Xiaohui Yang Fuqui Dong Heather A. Owen Christopher A. Makaroff Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA present address: Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee Wl 53211 USA

The Arabidopsis dsy10 mutant was previously identified as being defective in the synapsis of meiotic chromosomes resulting in male and female sterility. We report here the molecular analysis of the mutation and show that it represents a T-DNA insertion in the third exon of the SWll gene. Four mutations have now been identified in SWI1, several of which exhibit different phenotypes. For example, the swil- 1 and dyad mutations only affect meiosis in megasporocytes, while the swil-2 and dsy10 mutations block both male and female meiosis. Furthermore, as part of a detailed cytological characterization of dsy10 meiocytes, we identified several differences during male meiosis between the swil-2 and dys10 mutants, including variations in the formation of axial elements, the distribution of cohesin proteins and the timing of the premature loss of sister chromatid cohesion. We demonstrate that dsy10 represents a complete loss-of-function mutation, while a truncated form of SWll is expressed during meiosis in swil-2 plants. We further show that dys10 meiocytes exhibit alterations in modified histone patterns, including acetylated histone H3 and dimethylated histone H3-Lysine 4.

关键词： Arabidopsis meiosis sister chromatid cohesion chromatin remodeling histone.

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Using high-throughput data and dynamic flux balance modeling techniques to identify points of constraint in xylose utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2021年第1期1卷 58-75页

作者： William Hohenschuh Ronald E.Hector Frank Chaplen Ganti S.Murthy Oregon State University CorvallisUSA USDA ARSNCAURPeoriaUSA present address:EMD Serono Inc. RocklandUSA present address:Indian Institute of Technology-Indore IndoreIndia

Background Several enzymes and cofactors have been identified as contributing to the slow utilization of xylose by xylose-fermenting strains of Saccharomyces ***,there has been no consensus on which of these possible bottle-necks are the most important to address.A previous strain characterization study from our lab suggested that insufficient NAD+limits fermentation and may be the most important bottleneck affecting utilization of xylose for the production of *** development and validation of a genome scale dynamic flux balance model would help to verify the existence and extent of this and other metabolic bottlenecks and suggest solutions to guide future strain development thereby minimiz-ing bottleneck impact on process *** A dynamic flux balance model was developed to identify bottlenecks in several strains of ***,both with wild-type pentose phosphate pathway expression and with the pathway over ***1 was found to be limiting in the oxidative portion of the pentose phosphate pathway under oxygen replete *** pathway is used to regenerate *** oxygen limiting conditions,respiration of xylose was limited by the lack of oxygen as a terminal electron *** production was also limited under these conditions due to the inability to balance NAD+/*** model suggests the use of the anaplerotic glyoxylate pathway to improve NAD+/NADH balance,increasing ethanol produc-tion by 50%while producing succinate as a coproduct at upwards of 20 g/*** In the production of high value chemicals from biomass,the use of the respiratory metabolism is a waste of feedstock *** previously identified in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway are currently only relevant under oxygen-replete conditions and cannot impact the partitioning of carbon between the respiratory and fermentative *** future efforts on the non-respiratory balancing of NAD+/NADH,perhaps through th

关键词： Xylose Ethanol Biofuel Lignocellulose Metabolic bottlenecks Flux balance analysis Modeling Cofactor imbalance Glyoxylate pathway NAD+ NADH

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Defective Etioplasts Observed in Variegation Mutants May Reveal the Light-Independent Regulation of White/Yellow Sectors of Arabidopsis Leaves

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第11期53卷 846-857页

作者： Wenjuan Wu Nabil Elsheery Qing Wei Lingang Zhang Jirong Huang National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Institute of Plant-PhysTology and-Ecology Shanghai Institutesfor Biological Sciences the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China present address： Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA present address： Institute of Plant Science and Resources okayama University Kurashiki Okayama Japan

Leaf variegation resulting from nuclear gene mutations has been used as a model system to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of chloroplast development. Since most variegation genes also function in photosynthesis, it remains unknown whether their roles in photosynthesis and chloroplast development are distinct. Here, using the variegation mutant thylakoid formation1 （thfl） we show that variegation formation is light independent. It was found that slow and uneven chloroplast development in thfl can be attributed to defects in etioplast development in darkness. Ultrastructural analysis showed the coexistence of plastids with or without prolamellar bodies （PLB） in cells of thfl, but not of WT. Although THF1 mutation leads to significant decreases in the levels of Pchlide and Pchliide oxidoreductase （POR） expression, genetic and 5-aminolevulinic acid （ALA）-feeding analysis did not reveal Pchlide or POR to be critical factors for etioplast formation in thfl. Northern blot analysis showed that plastid gene expression is dramatically reduced in thfl compared with that in WT, particularly in the dark. Our results also indicate that chlorophyll biosynthesis and expression of plastidic genes are coordinately suppressed in thfl. Based on these results, we propose a model to explain leaf variegation formation from the plastid development perspective.

关键词： Arabidopsis chloroplast etioplast THF1/Psb29 variegation Pchllide oxidoreductase Pchlide oxidoreductase chloroplastdevelopment.

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Salinity Stress in Roots of Contrasting BarleyGenotypes Reveals Time-Distinct and Genotype-Specific Patterns for Defined Proteins

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Molecular Plant 2014年第2期7卷 336-355页

作者： Katja Witzel Andrea Matros Marc Strickert Stephanie Kaspar Manuela Peukert Karl H. Mühling Andreas Börner Hans-Peter Mock Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research Corrensstrasse 3 06466 Gatersleben Germany present address: Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1 14979 Großbeeren Germany present address: University of Siegen Media Systems Group Hölderlinstrasse 3 57068 Siegen Germany present address: Bruker Daltonik GmbH Fahrenheitstrasse 4 28359 Bremen Germany Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science Christian Albrechts University Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany

Soil salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stress factors threatening agriculture worldwide. Hence,particular interest exists in unraveling mechanisms leading to salt tolerance and improved crop plant performance onsaline soils. Barley is considered to be one of the most salinity-tolerant crops, but varying levels of tolerance are wellcharacterized. A proteomic analysis of the roots of two contrasting cultivars （cv. Steptoe and cv. Morex） is *** plants were exposed to a period of 1, 4, 7, or 10 d at 0, 100, or 150mM NaCI. The root proteome was analyzedbased on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. A number of cultivar-specific and salinity stress-responsive proteins wereidentified. Mass spectrometry-based identification was successful for 74 proteins, and a hierarchical clustering analysisgrouped these into five clusters based on similarity of expression profile. The rank product method was applied to sta-tistically access the early and late responses, and this delivered a number of new candidate proteins underlying salinitytolerance in barley. Among these were some germin-like proteins, some pathogenesis-related proteins, and numerousas-yet uncharacterized proteins. Notably, proteins involved in detoxification pathways and terpenoid biosynthesis weredetected as early responsive to salinity and may function as a means of modulating growth-regulating mechanisms andmembrane stability via fine tuning of phytohormone and secondary metabolism in the root.

关键词： barley genotypes mass spectrometry proteome analysis salinity stress two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

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Past,present and future of indium phosphide quantum dots

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Nano Research 2022年第5期15卷 4468-4489页

作者： Houman Bahmani Jalali Sadra Sadeghi Itir Bakis Dogru Yuksel Asim Onal Sedat Nizamoglu Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering KoçUniversityIstanbul 34450Turkey Department of Electric and Electronics Engineering KoçUniversityIstanbul 34450Turkey Department of Material Science and Engineering KoçUniversityIstanbul 34450Turkey present address:Photonic Nanomaterials Group Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova 16124Italy present address:Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Queen's UniversityKingston K7L 3N6Canada present address:Nanophotonics Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrecht 3508 TAThe Netherlands

Indium phosphide(InP)colloidal quantum dots(QDs)have been drawn significant attention as a potentially less toxic alternative to cadmium-based QDs over the past two *** advances in their colloidal synthesis methods have allowed for the synthesis of a wide variety of compositions,heterojunctions,dopants,and ligands that enabled spectral tunability from blue to near-infrared,narrow emission linewidths,and perfect quantum yields approaching ***,it has higher covalency compared to cadmium chalcogenides leading to improved optical *** state-of-the-art InP QDs with appealing optical and electronic properties have excelled in many applications such as light-emitting diodes,luminescent solar concentrators(LSCs),and solar cells with high potential for *** review focuses on the history,recent development,and future aspect of synthesis and application of colloidal InP QDs.

关键词： indium phosphide InP quantum dot nanocrystal synthesis colloidal doping

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NADPH oxidase family proteins:signaling dynamics to disease management

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第6期19卷 660-686页

作者： Rizwana Begum Shilpa Thota Abubakar Abdulkadir Gagandeep Kaur Prathyusha Bagam Sanjay Batra present address:Department of Environmental Medicine University of RochesterSchool of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNY14642USA Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology Department of Environmental ToxicologySouthern University and A&M CollegeBaton RougeLA70813USA present address:Division of Systems Biology National Center for Toxicological ResearchJeffersonAR72079USA

Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are pervasive signaling molecules in biological *** humans,a lack of ROS causes chronic and extreme bacterial infections,while uncontrolled release of these factors causes pathologies due to excessive *** phagocytes such as neutrophils(PMNs),eosinophils,monocytes,and macrophages use superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase(NOX)as part of their arsenal of antimicrobial mechanisms to produce high levels of *** is a multisubunit enzyme complex composed of five essential subunits,two of which are localized in the membrane,while three are localized in the *** resting phagocytes,the oxidase complex is unassembled and inactive;however,it becomes activated after cytosolic components translocate to the membrane and are assembled into a functional *** NOX isoforms play a variety of roles in cellular differentiation,development,proliferation,apoptosis,cytoskeletal control,migration,and *** studies have identified NOX as a major contributor to disease pathologies,resulting in a shift in focus on inhibiting the formation of potentially harmful free ***,a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and the transduction pathways involved in NOX-mediated signaling is essential for the development of new therapeutic agents that minimize the hyperproduction of *** current review provides a thorough overview of the various NOX enzymes and their roles in disease pathophysiology,highlights pharmacological strategies,and discusses the importance of computational modeling for future NOX-related studies.

关键词： NADPH oxidase Reactive oxygen species Inflammation Inhibitors In silico

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Translational Regulation of Metabolic Dynamics during Effector-Triggered Immunity

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Molecular Plant 2020年第1期13卷 88-98页

作者： Heejin Yoo George H.Greene Meng Yuan Guoyong Xu Derek Burton Lijing Liu Jorge Marques Xinnian Dong Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of BiologyDuke UniversityBox 90338DurhamNC 27708USA National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement National Centre of Plant Gene Research(Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural University430070 WuhanChina present address:Department of Plant Biology Ecologyand EvolutionOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA present address:National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Institute for Advanced Studies(IAS)Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430072China present address:Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology Ministry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoChina present address:David H.Murdock Research Institute KannapolisNC 28081USA

Recent studies have shown that global translational reprogramming is an early activation event in pattern-triggered immunity,when plants recognize microbe-associated molecular ***,it is not fully known whether translational regulation also occurs in subsequent immune responses,such as effector-triggered immunity(ETI).In this study,we performed genome-wide ribosome profiling in Arabidopsis upon RPS2-mediated ETI activation and discovered that specific groups of genes were translationally regulated,mostly in coordination with *** genes encode enzymes involved in aromatic amino acid,phenylpropanoid,camalexin,and sphingolipid *** functional significance of these components in ETI was confirmed by genetic and biochemical *** findings provide new insights into diverse translational regulation of plant immune responses and demonstrate that translational coordination of metabolic gene expression is an important strategy for ETI.

关键词： translational regulation ribosome profiling effector-triggered immunity,ETI phenylalanine phenylpropanoids helper receptors

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