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Tattoos as a window to the psyche:How talking about skin art can inform psychiatric practice

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2017年第3期7卷 148-158页

作者： Hannah Roggenkamp Andrew Nicholls Joseph M Pierre Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical CenterVA Puget Sound Healthcare System va greater los angeles healthcare system Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA

Tattooing the skin as a means of personal expression is a ritualized practice that has been around for centuries across many different ***,the symbolic meaning of tattoos has evolved over time and is highly individualized,from both the internal perspective of the wearer and the external perspective of an *** modern Western societies through the 1970 s,tattoos represented a cultural taboo,typically associated with those outside of the mainstream such as soldiers,incarcerated criminals,gang members,and others belonging to marginalized and counter-cultural *** paper aims to review the more recent epidemiology of tattoos in Western culture in order to establish that tattooing has become a mainstream *** then review psychological and psychiatric aspects of tattoos,with a goal of revising outmoded stigmas about tattooing and helping clinicians working with tattooed patients to facilitate an exploration of the personal meaning of skin art and *** suggest that as a kind of augmentation of the physical exam,looking at and talking to patients about their tattoos can provide a valuable window into the psyche,informing clinical practice.

关键词： Tattoos Military psychiatry Deviance Skin art Psychopathology Psychology

Stress-induced visceral analgesia assessed non-invasively in rats is enhanced by prebiotic diet

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第3期18卷 225-236页

作者： Muriel Larauche Agata Mulak Pu-Qing Yuan Osamu Kanauchi Yvette Taché CURE： Diges-tive Diseases Research Center and Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress Department of Medicine Digestive Diseases Division at the University of California Los Angeles VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Los Angeles CA 90073 United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Wroclaw Medical University Borowska 213 50-556 Wroclaw Poland University of Medical Science Shiga and Central Laboratories for Frontier Technology Kirin Holdings Co. Ltd. 1-13-5 Fukuura Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0004 Japan CURE：Digestive Diseases Research Center and Oppenheimer Family Centerfor Neurobiology of Stress Department of Medicine Digestive Diseases Division at the University of California Los AngelesVA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System

AIM: To investigate the influence of repeated water avoidance stress (rWAS) on the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD) and the modulation of the response by a prebiotic diet in rats using a novel surgery-free method of solid-state ***: Male Wistar rats fed a standard diet with or without 4% enzyme-treated rice fiber (ERF) for 5 wk were subjected to rWAS (1 h daily x 10 d) or no stress. The VMR to graded phasic CRD was assessed by intraluminal colonic pressure recording on days 0 (base-line), 1 and 10 (45 min) and 11 (24 h) after rWAS and expressed as percentage change from baseline. Cecal content of short chain fatty acids and distal colonic histology were assessed on day 11. RESULTS: WAS on day 1 reduced the VMR to CRD at 40 and 60 mmHg similarly by 28.9% ± 6.6% in both diet groups. On day 10, rWAS-induced reduction of VMR occurred only at 40 mmHg in the standard diet group (36.2% ± 17.8%) while in the ERF group VMR was lowered at 20, 40 and 60 mmHg by 64.9% ± 20.9%, 49.3% ± 11.6% and 38.9% ± 7.3% respectively. The visceral analgesia was still observed on day 11 in ERF-but not in standard diet-fed rats. By contrast the non-stressed groups (standard or ERF diet) exhibited no changes in VMR to CRD. In standard diet-fed rats, rWAS induced mild colonic histological changes that were absent in ERF-fed rats exposed to stress compared to non-stressed rats. The reduction of cecal content of isobutyrate and total butyrate, but not butyrate alone, was correlated with lower visceral pain response. Additionally, ERF diet increased rWAS-induced defecation by 26% and 75% during the first 0-15 min and last 15-60 min, respectively, compared to standard diet, and reduced rats' body weight gain by 1.3 fold independently of their stress status. CONCLUSION: These data provide the first evidence of psychological stress-related visceral analgesia in rats that was enhanced by chronic intake of ERF prebiotic.

关键词： Wistar大鼠饮食内脏评估镇痛应力诱发益生素侵入性

Stem cell treatments for oropharyngeal dysphagia:Rationale,benefits,and challenges

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2020年第9期12卷 1001-1012页

作者： Eric K Tran Kevin O Juarez Jennifer L Long David Geffen School of Medicine University of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Department of Otolaryngology Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06511United States Department of Head and Neck Surgery David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States greater los angeles va healthcare system Los AngelesCA 90073United States

Dysphagia,defined as difficulty swallowing,is a common symptom negatively impacting millions of adults *** prevalence ranges from 14 to 33 percent in those over age 65 to over 70 percent in a nursing home *** elderly,those with neurodegenerative diseases,head and neck cancer patients,and those with autoimmune conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome are disproportionately *** dysphagia refers specifically to difficulty in initiating a swallow due to dysfunction at or above the upper esophageal sphincter,and represents a large proportion of dysphagia *** treatments are limited and are often *** cell therapy is a new and novel advancement that may fill a much-needed role in our treatment ***,we review the current literature regarding stem cell treatments for oropharyngeal *** discussed include tissue regeneration advancements as a whole and translation of these principles into research surrounding tongue dysfunction,xerostomia,cricopharyngeal dysfunction,and finally an overview of the challenges and future directions for *** this field of study remains in its early stages,initial promising results show potential for the use of stem cell-based therapies to treat oropharyngeal dysphagia and warrant further research.

关键词： Dysphagia Xerostomia Hemiglossectomy Stem cells Myoblasts Mesenchymal stem cells

Cultured circulating tumor cells and their derived xenografts for personalized oncology

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Asian Journal of Urology 2016年第4期3卷 240-253页

作者： Ruoxiang Wang Gina CYChu Stefan Mrdenovic Alagappan A.Annamalai Andrew E.Hendifar Nicholas N.Nissen James S.Tomlinson Michael Lewis Nallasivam Palanisamy Hsian-Rong Tseng Edwin M.Posadas Michael R.Freeman Stephen J.Pandol Haiyen E.Zhau Leland W.K.Chung Uro-Oncology Research Department of MedicineSamuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer InstituteCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Uro-Oncology Research Department of SurgerySamuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer InstituteCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Surgery West Los Angeles VA HospitalGreater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Pathology West Los Angeles VA HospitalGreater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCAUSA Henry Ford Health system DetroitMIUSA Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA

Recent cancer research has demonstrated the existence of circulating tumor cells(CTCs)in cancer patient’s *** identified,CTC biomarkers will be invaluable tools for clinical diagnosis,prognosis and *** this review,we propose ex vivo culture as a rational strategy for large scale amplification of the limited numbers of CTCs from a patient sample,to derive enough CTCs for accurate and reproducible characterization of the biophysical,biochemical,gene expressional and behavioral properties of the harvested *** of tumor cell heterogeneity,it is important to amplify all the CTCs in a blood sample for a comprehensive understanding of their role in cancer *** analyzing critical steps and technical issues in ex vivo CTC culture,we developed a cost-effective and reproducible protocol directly culturing whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells,relying on an assumed survival advantage in CTCs and CTC-like cells over the normal cells to amplify this specified cluster of cancer cells.

关键词： Cancer metastasis Peripheral blood Circulating tumor cell ex vivo culture

Design and strategy for manufacturing kidney organoids

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2020年第1期3卷 7-14页

作者： Masaki Nishikawa Yasuyuki Sakai Norimoto Yanagawa Department of Chemical system Engineering School of EngineeringUniversity of TokyoRm.5A01Engineering Bldg.3Hongo 7‑3‑1BunkyoTokyo 113‑8656Japan Medical and Research Services Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System at SepulvedaNorth HillsCAUSA David Geffen School of Medicine University of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA

Despite a continuing increase in the number of patients suffering from chronic kidney disease,currently available treatments for these patients,such as dialysis and kidney transplantation,are *** kidney is also a critical target organ vulnerable to the toxicity of various new drugs,and the lack of a reliable in vitro culture model imposes a severe limitation on drug *** the development of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)revolutionized strategies in biomedical fields,the complexity of the kidney imposed additional challenge to the application of this technology in kidney ***,the recent advancement in our understanding on the developmental origin of kidney progenitor cells and the mechanisms of their reciprocal induction and self-organization has boosted research in kidney *** since then has demonstrated that kidney organoids derived from iPSCs can serve as a useful model for drug discovery and toxicity screening,as well as for disease modeling,especially in combination with gene editing ***,attempts at kidney organoid implantation in animals have suggested their potential as an alternative source of kidney *** this review,we summarize recent progress on the generation of kidney organoids,as well as the obstacles that remain.

关键词： Kidney organoid Kidney development iPSC Progenitor cell Self-organization Regenerative medicine

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Impact of sustained virologic response on chronic kidney disease progression in hepatitis C

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第36期9卷 1352-1360页

作者： Elizabeth S Aby Tien S Dong Jenna Kawamoto Joseph R Pisegna Jihane N Benhammou Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition Department of Medicine VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System the vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases UCLA Los Angeles Department of Medicine University of California David Geffen School of Medicine

AIM To determine how sustained virological response at 12 wk(SVR12) with direct acting antivirals(DAAs) for the treatment of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection affects chronic kidney disease(CKD) progression. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed in patients aged ≥ 18 years treated for HCV with DAAs at the va greater los angeles healthcare system from 2014-2016. The treatment group was compared to patients with HCV from 2011-2013 who did not undergo HCV treatment, prior to the introduction of DAAs; the control group was matched to the study group in terms of age, gender, and ethnicity. Analysis of variance and co-variance was performed to compare means between SVR12 subgroups adjusting for *** Five hundred and twenty-three patients were evaluated. When comparing the rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR) one-year after HCV treatment to one-year before treatment, patients who achieved SVR12 had a decline in GFR of 3.1 m L/min ± 0.75 m L/min per 1.73 m^2 compared to a decline in e GFR of 11.0 m L/min ± 2.81 m L/min per 1.73 m^2 in patients who did not achieve SVR12(P = 0.002). There were no significant clinical differences between patients who achieved SVR12 compared to those who did not in terms of cirrhosis, treatment course, treatment experience, CKD stage prior to treatment, diuretic use or other co-morbidities. The decline in e GFR in those with untreated HCV over 2 years was 2.8 m L/min ± 1.0 m L/min per 1.73 m^2, which was not significantly different from the e GFR decline noted in HCV-treated patients who achieved SVR12(P = 0.43).CONCLUSION Patients who achieve SVR12 have a lesser decline in renal function, but viral eradication in itself may not be associated improvement in renal disease progression.

关键词： Hepatitis C Direct-acting antivirals Chronic kidney disease End stage renal disease Sustained virological response

Distinguishing normal brain aging from the development of Alzheimer＇s disease：inflammation,insulin signaling and cognition

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第10期13卷 1719-1730页

作者： Paul Denver Paula L.McClean greater los angeles Veterans Affairs healthcare system West Los Angeles Medical Center and Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Centre for Molecular Biosciences University of UlsterColeraine Northern Ireland UK Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine ClinicalTranslational and Research Innovation Centre (C-TRIC)University of UlsterDerry/Londonderry Northern Ireland UK

As populations age, prevalence of Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） is rising. Over 100 years of research has provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the disease, for which age is the principal risk factor. However, in recent years, a multitude of clinical trial failures has led to pharmaceutical corporations becoming more and more unwilling to support drug development in AD. It is possible that dependence on the amyloid cascade hypothesis as a guide for preclinical research and drug discovery is part of the problem. Accumulating evidence suggests that amyloid plaques and tau tangles are evident in non-demented individuals and that reducing or clearing these lesions does not always result in clinical improvement. Normal aging is associated with pathologies and cognitive decline that are similar to those observed in AD, making differentiation of AD-related cognitive decline and neuropathology challenging. In this mini-review, we discuss the difficulties with discerning normal, age-related cognitive decline with that related to AD. We also discuss some neuropathological features of AD and aging, including amyloid and tau pathology, synapse loss, inflammation and insulin signaling in the brain, with a view to highlighting cognitive or neuropathological markers that distinguish AD from normal aging. It is hoped that this review will help to bolster future preclinical research and support the development of clinical tools and therapeutics for AD.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease aging inflammation cognitive function spatial learning insulin signaling synapses cytokines

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Enhanced structural stability of adenovirus nanocapsule

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2014年第2期24卷 171-174页

作者： Ding Weng Ziyue Karen Jiang Jing Jin Lily Wu Yunfeng Lu Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California at Los Angeles Tissue Engineering Laboratories VA Boston Healthcare System Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California at Los Angeles Getein Biotechnology Co. Ltd.

Application of viral vector in gene therapy and vaccination is still limited by their structural stability, which significantly increased avoidable cost in storage and transportation. Herein a non-covalent conjugated low-pH degradable nanocapsule has been adopted to stabilize viral vectors. By utilizing a luciferase expressing adenovirus, AdCMVLuc, we succeeded in a raise of over 11 folds in AdCMVLuc’s structural stability after 12 days storage at 4 1℃.

关键词： Non-covalent nanocapsule Adenovirus Structural stability

Metabolic syndrome does not affect sustained virologic response of direct-acting antivirals while hepatitis C clearance improves hemoglobin A1c

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第9期10卷 612-621页

作者： Tien S Dong Elizabeth S Aby Jihane N Benhammou Jenna Kawamoto Steven-Huy Han Folasade P May Joseph R Pisegna the vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases University of California Los AngelesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCA 90095United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Parenteral NutritionDepartment of MedicineVA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCA 90073United States the Pfleger Liver Institute Department of SurgeryUniversity of California David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCA 90095United States va Health Services Research and Development Center for the Study of healthcare Innovation Center for the Study of healthcare Innovation Implementation and Policy(CSHIIP)Los AngelesCA 90073United States Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center Los AngelesCA 90095United States

AIM To determine whether successful treatment with direc-tacting antivirals(DAA) is associated with improvements in hemoglobin A1 c(HbA1 c) and if type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) or metabolic syndrome affects sustained virologic response(SVR).METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all hepatitis C virus(HCV) patients at the va greater los angeles healthcare system treated with varying DAA therapy between 2014-2016. Separate multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine predictors of HbA1 c decrease ≥ 0.5 after DAA treatment and predictors of SVR 12-wk post treatment(SVR12).RESULTS A total of 1068 patients were treated with DAA therapy between 2014-2016. The presence of T2 DM or metabolic syndrome did not adversely affect SVR12. 106 patients had both HCV and T2 DM. Within that cohort,patients who achieved SVR12 had lower mean HbA1 c pre treatment(7.35 vs 8.60,P = 0.02),and lower mean HbA1 c post-treatment compared to non-responders(6.55 vs 8.61,P = 0.01). The mean reduction in HbA1 c after treatment was greater for those who achieved SVR12 than for non-responders(0.79 vs 0.01,P = 0.03). In adjusted models,patients that achieved SVR12 were more likely to have a HbA1 c decrease of ≥ 0.5 than those that did not achieve SVR12(adjusted OR = 7.24,95%CI: 1.22-42.94). CONCLUSION In HCV patients with T2 DM,successful treatment with DAA was associated with a significant reduction in HbA1 c suggesting that DAA may have a role in improving insulin sensitivity. Furthermore,the presence of T2 DM or metabolic syndrome does not adversely affect SVR12 rates in patients treated with DAA.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Hemoglobin A1c Diabetes mellitus Direct-acting antivirals Metabolic syndrome